标签： 上海千花贵族宝贝

catalogue

　　1. Introduction

　　2. Political responsibility

　　3. Position construction responsibility

　　4. Service responsibility

　　5. Humanistic care responsibility

　　6. Cultural responsibility

　　7. Safety responsibility

　　8. Moral responsibility

　　9. Responsibility for safeguarding rights and interests

　　10. Legal management responsibility

　　11. Postscript

　　I. Preface

　　1. Media profile　

　　China Media Group (CMG), which was established by China Central Television (China International Television), china national radio Radio International and China Radio International, was officially listed on April 19th, 2018. It is one of the largest comprehensive media groups in the world.

　　The Central Radio and Television General Station has 29 internal institutions, 39 dispatched institutions and 2 affiliated institutions. It has 51 TV channels, including 31 public channels and 20 pay channels, 9 of which are international channels; Launch 23 domestic broadcasting frequencies; Use 44 languages for external communication; The Headquarters operates 30 new media clients such as CCTV News, CCTV Video, CGTN and Yunting, and websites such as CCTV, Yangguang.com and International Online.

　　2. The concept of social responsibility

　　The Central Radio and Television General Station always insists on guiding all work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, profoundly understands the decisive significance of "two establishment", strengthens "four consciousnesses", strengthens "four self-confidences" and achieves "two maintenance". Continue to promote the deep integration of media, continue to deepen the innovative integration of "thought+art+technology", and consciously undertake the mission of raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, educating new people, rejuvenating culture and displaying image.

　　3. Awards　

　　In 2021, a total of 182 works of the Central Radio and Television General Station won awards at national, provincial and ministerial level, such as the China News Award, the China Radio and Television Award, the 24th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Good News Award, the National Excellent News Works of Politics and Law Award, and the "Magnolia Award" of the Shanghai TV Festival. 32 outstanding collectives and individuals have won important awards and commendations from national civilized units, national advanced collectives for tackling poverty, May 1st Labor Medal, National Women’s Civilized Post, Youth May 4th Medal, the most beautiful family in China and other national, provincial and ministerial levels (excluding those awarded by the General Desk).

　　Second, political responsibility

　　The Central Radio and Television General Station has always adhered to a clear-cut stand on politics, faithfully fulfilled the party’s duty and mission as an ideological town, and firmly grasped the correct political direction and public opinion orientation.

　　1. Political direction

　　(1) Focus on cohesion to create a "headline project", continue to innovate and do a good job in publicizing and explaining Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　Successfully completed the report celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). We have done a good job in major publicity and reporting tasks such as the "July 1st Celebration Conference", the "July 1st Medal" awarding ceremony, and the literary performance "Great Journey", setting a number of new records, such as the largest number of independent research and development high-tech applications, the largest number of integrated reporting products and dissemination data, the longest adoption time of international mainstream media, and the widest overseas coverage.

　　Carefully create the brand cluster of "Current Affairs at the Front Desk". Key news columns such as "News Network" plan high-quality and series of main theme reports; CCTV news released more than 3,000 current political manuscripts, and the whole network launched 510 current political news bulletins, with a broadcast volume of 7 billion times. The brand influence of CCTV’s comments and comments such as CCTV Quick Review, International Sharp Review, Yuyuan Tan Tian, Taiwan Channel Review, Voice of Greater Bay Area Hot Review, and Anchor’s Talk on Network was further enhanced.

　　Continuously improve the effectiveness of external communication of leaders’ reports. Give full play to the advantages of the integrated communication of the 44 language platforms of the General Desk, and the report of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee has achieved the best results in the external communication of the Central Plenary Session over the years. CGTN released 110 special articles on current affairs of the General Secretary, which were reprinted nearly 80,000 times by 2,276 overseas online media. "China Wisdom in Classics — — Ping "Yu" is close to people (International Edition), which is the most overseas report of political micro-video items for publicity outside the main station.

　　(2) The publicity and reporting on major themes formed a strong momentum and faithfully performed the duties and missions of the party’s main force in propaganda and reporting on ballast stones.

　　Around the major themes such as the centenary of the founding of the Party, tackling poverty, revitalizing the countryside, and building a well-off society in an all-round way, a large number of masterpieces of "thought+art+technology" were launched, which were innovative, integrated, refreshing and impressed. Carefully create a series of "Get rid of poverty", "The Last Write", "Party History in Fine Arts Classics", "Crossing the Yalu River", "Years of Mountains and Rivers", "Armageddon", "Red Finance and Economics as a token for a hundred years", "Red Archives", "Today’s China", "People’s Well-off Society", "National University Student Party History Knowledge Contest" and "National Red Story Interpreter Competition".

　　Successfully completed major publicity reports such as the Central Economic Work Conference, the National People’s Congress, the celebration of the 70th anniversary of Tibet’s peaceful liberation, the 4th China International Import Expo, and the National Summary and Commendation Conference on Poverty Alleviation, effectively serving the overall work of the Party and the State.

　　2. Public opinion guidance

　　Fully demonstrate the achievements of economic development.We will launch a series of reports, special programs and brand activities, such as The 14th Five-Year Plan for a New Journey, China Economic Annual Report, Sharing Happiness and Winning a Well-off Society, 2021 Financial List and 2021 CCTV Financial Forum, to show the remarkable achievements of China’s steady economic development in the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan in an all-round way and further strengthen the confidence of the people throughout the country.

　　Continue to pay attention to the progress of epidemic prevention and control.The documentary "Science War" reveals the touching story behind the fight against the epidemic, News Network broadcasts a series of reports "Fighting against the epidemic with one heart and life first", the financial channel "Global Fight against the epidemic" and the news channel "News 1+1" and "Common Concern" continue to report the epidemic prevention and control trends in various places, launch a series of vaccine popular science programs, comprehensively and deeply publicize and report the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and fully report the prevention and control measures in various places.

　　Innovative means of communication.The launch of the exclusive live broadcast of "Evening Boat, Welcome Home" by the media, and the core ideas such as "If faith has color, it must be China Red" have greatly stimulated people’s patriotic enthusiasm, and the total amount of praise on CCTV news client and other platforms has exceeded 400 million.

　　3. Public opinion supervision

　　Strengthen the supervision of constructive public opinion.Focus Interview, News Investigation, Weekly Quality Report and other columns, focus on telecom fraud, network security, live broadcast with goods, off-campus training chaos and other illegal and illegal phenomena that harm the interests of the people, and produce a number of exclusive in-depth investigation reports to expose illegal acts and promote problem solving.

　　Normalization of public opinion supervision.The 3.15 party focused on the theme of "boosting consumption from the heart", paid attention to new hot spots and new phenomena in the field of consumer rights protection, and exposed typical cases such as stealing personal information. "Economic Half-hour" produces a series of special topics such as "General mobilization of anti-fraud in the whole society". "Weekly Quality Report" continues to introduce investigation reports in the fields of product quality and food safety.

　　4. External communication

　　Exclusive news has become a global source.In the reports of major and unexpected events, such as the high-level strategic dialogue between China and the United States, the riots in the US Congress, the changes in Afghanistan, the situation in Guinea, and the eruption of Tonga volcano, the reporters from the General Station went deep into the scene at the first time, and a large number of exclusive news issued by them became the main source of global media reports, and the initial rate, self-mining rate and arrival rate continued to increase. The reception desk microphone became the only media microphone of the Taliban in Afghanistan at the first press conference after the withdrawal of American troops, breaking through the monopoly of western media on major international news.

　　Effectively carry out public opinion struggle.CGTN (China Television International) organized three rounds of "global netizen opinion polls" and released a series of heavy reports and comments, which effectively reversed the trend of international public opinion. In view of the so-called "Democracy Summit" held in the United States, the feature film "American Democracy" and a series of counter-combination reports were launched. Review brands such as International Sharp Review, CGTN Quick Review and International Random Review continue to voice. Heavy documentary "Undercurrent Surging — — Xinjiang, China’s Counter-Terrorism Challenge, The Historical Imprint of Xinjiang, China, and a series of reports, Re-taking the Road to See Changes, reveal the "double standards" of the United States and the West with the truth.

　　Continue to deepen the "goodwill communication".CGTN International Channel has added 100 million overseas full-channel users. There are 190 overseas journalists’ stations in the General Station, and its influence in international communication has been significantly enhanced. The 4K documentary "National Park: Wildlife Kingdom" has been distributed to 104 countries and regions around the world, and the series of media products "All the way" North "has accumulated more than 60 million views worldwide. Perfect Planet, World Heritage Walk and From Chang ‘an to Rome (Season 2) were broadcast in Britain, France, Japan and other countries and received favorable comments.

　　Actively carry out "media diplomacy."We held media activities such as "ASEAN Partners", "African Partners" and "Silk Road TV Community Summit Forum", held "Ambassador Series" foreign affairs meetings and "cloud meetings" with international media, and exchanged 658 letters with international mainstream media leaders and international friends, further consolidating and expanding the international "circle of friends".

　　Third, the position construction responsibility

　　1. Media integration is advancing in depth.

　　Strengthen the top-level design of the strategic plan for media integration development, formulate and implement the "Opinions of the General Office on Accelerating the Development of Deep Media Integration" and strengthen the dissemination of opinions on external integration. The number of CCTV news new media users reached 826 million, a year-on-year increase of 62.9%. Central video was launched in version 2.0, with a cumulative download volume of 361 million times. The number of users of cloud listening client exceeds 100 million, ranking first in the audio industry.

　　2. The strategic pattern of "5G+4K/8K+AI" has achieved breakthrough development.

　　The world’s first professional sports channel with 4K and HD broadcast on the satellite for 24 hours — — CCTV Olympic Channel and its digital platform were launched at the main station. The Tokyo Olympic Games report successfully realized the world’s first live broadcast of the Olympic Games on the 4K ultra-HD channel, with 47.9 billion people watching it through the all-media platform of the main station. Continue to promote the technological innovation of 8K ultra-high-definition TV production and broadcasting, the first 8K TV ultra-high-definition channel in China — — CCTV8K ultra HD channel successfully broadcast the experiment. Solidly promote the construction of the State Key Laboratory of Ultra-high-definition audio and video production and presentation, start the construction of the Beijing Ultra-high-definition Demonstration Park, build a "100 cities and thousands of screens" ultra-high-definition industrial project, and break through the technological monopoly of foreign countries in the field of 4K/8K ultra-high-definition TV.

　　3. The integration of boutique innovation continues to deepen.

　　Innovative products such as Central Video "Central young" series "broken the circle", and jointly completed the first black-and-white to color 4K restoration feature film "Never Gone Radio Wave" with China Film Archive. Integrating the media special program "Olympic One-Stop" to realize the integration of traditional media and new media. The frequencies such as the Voice of Taiwan Sea and the Voice of Greater Bay Area have been revised and upgraded, and platforms such as "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" have strengthened content construction and continued to play their role as the main front for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

　　Fourth, the service responsibility

　　1. Information services benefit people’s livelihood.

　　News programs authoritatively release government information and policy information for benefiting the people. Information programs timely release life service information such as weather forecast and transportation during daily and holidays. The large-scale online recruitment activity "National Employment Action" focuses on talent employment and provides practical help for job seekers. Agricultural and rural channels, such as "Three Rural Groups Meeting" and "Field Demonstration Show", spread agricultural knowledge to benefit more audiences.

　　2. Social services are pragmatic.

　　Build a public service platform.Life Circle builds an interactive platform between netizens and doctors. "legal report" popularized legal knowledge by case, and "The Lawyer Comes" gave lectures and legal advice. After the sudden torrential rain in Henan, CCTV news new media opened an emergency mutual aid platform to provide information assistance channels for the affected people at the first time.

　　Carry out public think tank services.CGTN think tank hosted and co-organized 13 large-scale forums at home and abroad. Exclusive hosting of the "2021 South-South Human Rights Forum", participation in organizing the international forum "Democracy: the Common Value of All Mankind" in Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, and the high-end dialogue meeting of Chinese and foreign scholars on democracy in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

　　3. Public welfare activities are solid and in-depth

　　Focusing on the centenary of the founding of the Party, meritorious service and honor recognition, model of the times, epidemic prevention and control, rural revitalization, Beijing Winter Olympics, ecological civilization construction, and promoting the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, the carefully produced public service advertisements have been broadcast for a total of 446,000 minutes.

　　We deepened counterpart assistance in the construction of Xide County, Sichuan Province and Gansu New Era Civilization Practice Center, invested 137 million yuan in Xide County, introduced 15.974 million yuan in assistance funds, purchased 13.24 million yuan of local agricultural products, helped sell 45.71 million yuan of local agricultural products, and trained 775 grassroots cadres and technicians.

　　Innovatively carry out the "Brand Power Project" 2021 to help Hubei special public welfare activities, "rural revitalization action", grassroots cultural and artistic condolences and other public welfare activities. Organize announcers and hosts and youth volunteer service teams to carry out volunteer service and charitable donation activities in schools, villages, nursing homes and welfare homes.

　　Five, the responsibility of humanistic care

　　1. People’s livelihood report grounding gas

　　Pay close attention to the hotspots of people’s livelihood such as employment, medical care, education, and old-age care. The whole network launched reports such as "reappearing soul bargaining at the scene of drug negotiation for rare diseases", which timely reflected the effectiveness of medical reform and conveyed the information of benefiting the people. "China Granary" went into 12 provinces to tell the story of "China Grain". CCTV Children’s Channel, Yangguang Voice for the Elderly, national language broadcasting and other platforms serve specific audiences and take care of the real life and spiritual world of ethnic minorities, children, the elderly and other groups. In combination with "March 8th" International Women’s Day, International Children’s Day, Double Ninth Festival, International Day for the Disabled, etc., special programs are planned to introduce vividly the new measures introduced by relevant departments in China in safeguarding the rights and interests of special groups, and fully reflect the concern and care of the party and the state.

　　2 sudden disasters and accidents reported in a timely and accurate manner.

　　We will do a good job in reporting sudden disasters and accidents such as the "July 20" torrential rain in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, the Maduo earthquake with magnitude 7.4 in Qinghai Province, and the gas explosion in Shiyan, Hubei Province, release the latest developments in time, report the progress of the incident authoritatively, refute rumors at the first time, and effectively guide public opinion.

　　3. Humanistic care warms people’s hearts

　　Social reports have attitudes and temperatures.The large-scale live broadcast special program "Walking into the countryside to see a well-off society" shows the remarkable changes in new rural areas and the real sense of gain, happiness and security of the masses. A series of reports, "Chasing Dreams and Being Pure", shows that frontline workers serve the motherland and the people with their youth. The documentary "Fighting for Life" tells the persistent pursuit of a better life by the disabled, and reflects the tolerance and warmth of social harmony, mutual assistance and reciprocity. CCTV News launched this group of "moving sculptures" that touched countless people, and these smiles gave us the power to heal 2021, which truly recorded the moving positive energy in 2021.

　　Educational reports highlight humanistic spirit.The special program "The First Lesson at School" is entitled "Ideal Illuminates the Future", and has a class with primary and middle school students from all over the world through "cloud classroom" to vividly tell the story of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s pursuit of happiness for the people, rejuvenation for the nation and great harmony for the world. Guarding Tomorrow focuses on the newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. The central video "Aesthetic Education Cloud Classroom" promotes music aesthetic education to penetrate the hearts of young people.

　　VI. Cultural Responsibility

　　1. Vigorously carry forward the socialist core values

　　Praise the model of the times.The Times Model Publishing Hall closely follows the major themes such as the centenary of the founding of the Party and tackling poverty, and vividly tells the touching stories of Peng Shilu, Laciny Bayika and other times models. "Party class begins" carries forward the spirit of party building and practices the mission of educating people. "China in the Story (Season 3)" focuses on the winners of the July 1st Medal, and outlines the glorious century-old party history with the personal experience of the role model of the times. "Example 5" focuses on the elegant demeanor of advanced grass-roots party organizations and outstanding Communist party member in the prevention and control of epidemic situation.

　　Vividly interpret the "Chinese Dream".On May 1 ST, the National Day special program pays tribute to the struggling workers and vividly shows the development achievements of contemporary China in the form of literature and art. The documentary "One Village, One Village, General Concern" fully shows the achievements and changes of poverty alleviation in villages and towns all over China. 4K ultra-high-definition large-scale series of micro-documentary "Together on the Ice and Snow" focuses on the enthusiasm and love of ordinary people to welcome the Winter Olympics. The large-scale 4K documentary "Taste of Macao" takes Macao cuisine as the carrier and tells the story of Macao’s development in the new era.

　　Advocate a harmonious family style.The family drama "Mom is waiting for you", "My Three Sisters and I", the family style series "The Great Test of Ying Ying 2020" and the series of radio programs "Family heirloom" were launched to guide the people to establish a good family style.

　　2. Inherit and carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　Show cultural self-confidence.The Spring Festival Gala, Internet Spring Festival Gala, Lantern Festival Gala and Mid-Autumn Festival Gala will be launched, and large-scale special programs such as China Farmers Harvest Festival Gala, Affectionate Land, Dragon Boat Festival Good Season, Tanabata Gala and Happy Double Ninth Festival will be integrated to fully demonstrate the influence, cohesion and appeal of Chinese civilization.

　　Pay attention to innovative expression.Excellent cultural programs such as China in Classics, National Treasure Congress of China, Archaeological Congress of China, Geographical Names Congress of China (the second season), Classical Poems (the fourth season) and National Treasures Exhibition Season are more vivid, closer and touching, which will make Chinese excellent traditional culture glow with vitality in the new era.

　　 　3. Promote the improvement of scientific literacy

　　For the first time, the live special program of China Space Station, in the form of "series drama", brilliantly broadcasted the launch of the Tianhe core module and the manned spacecraft Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13, and carried out the all-media live broadcast of the "Tiangong Classroom" series, which more powerfully stimulated the public, especially young people’s love for the space industry and effectively improved the scientific quality of the whole people. The whole network launched the video and feature of "exclusive interview with the winners of the highest national science and technology award in 2020", and launched popular science programs such as 4K science documentary "Flying to the Moon (Season 2)", "Running to Mars" and "Visiting the Red Planet". CCTV video launched 16 live broadcasts of "scientific experiments" series of new media, vividly popularizing scientific knowledge.

　　Seven, safety responsibility

　　Achieve safe broadcast throughout the year.Strengthen guidance management and position control, adhere to the requirements of the same standard and scale for large and small screens, and compact the business process specifications of "three trials and three schools" and "replay and retrial" throughout the platform, effectively ensuring the successful completion of various publicity reports. Strictly implement the daily pre-editing meeting, program monitoring and monitoring, post-broadcast public opinion monitoring and other process management mechanisms, and establish emergency response plans.

　　Eight, moral responsibility

　　1. Abide by professional norms

　　Strengthen the management of employees, strictly abide by the Code of Professional Ethics for Journalists in China, adhere to the principle of news authenticity, resolutely put an end to paid news, and resolutely resist vulgarity and kitsch.

　　2. Maintain social morality

　　Highlight the spirit of the rule of law, promote social integrity, and promote moral fashion. The Spirit of the Constitution and the Power of the Rule of Law — — People ruled by law in 2021, Dream of China Deyao China — — The 8th National Moral Model Awards Ceremony, Touching China and other programs have aroused widespread concern in the society. Maintain public order and good customs, and continue to launch a series of reports on issues such as the supremacy of traffic in the entertainment field, the chaos of "rice circles" and the illegal behavior of artists, so as to create a clean and upright social environment.

　　3. Accept social supervision

　　Strictly abide by the "Measures for the Administration of Journalists’ Cards", and the editors will show their legal and valid journalists’ cards when interviewing, and consciously accept social supervision. Actively collect feedback from audiences from all walks of life on the programs and personnel of the main station. Permanent petition departments actively handle complaints from the masses.

　　IX. Responsibility for safeguarding rights and interests

　　1 to protect the legitimate rights and interests of editors.

　　Support normal editing activities and pay attention to employees’ career development. Do a good job in commercial insurance services for overseas employees, accidental injuries and emergency rescue in war-torn areas, enhance employees’ risk prevention and control capabilities, and provide timely solidarity and appeal support for employees who have been infringed by editing and editing.

　　2. Guarantee the remuneration and benefits of employees.

　　Standardize the signing of labor contracts, pay the "five insurances and one gold" on time, solidly promote the work residence permit, settle the points, and implement the statutory holidays and various paid holidays for employees. We will improve the welfare security system, promulgate the Interim Measures for the Internal Management of Enterprise Annuities in Taiwan, and establish a social insurance account in Taiwan. Constantly optimize the salary system and management mode, and improve the positive incentive mechanism.

　　3. Standardize the management of press cards

　　In strict accordance with the work requirements of the State Press and Publication Administration, we will conscientiously do a good job in the application, verification and daily management of press cards for news editors at the reception desk. In 2021, the annual verification of 6,783 journalists’ cards was completed, 191 new cards were applied, and 90 journalists’ cards were cancelled.

　　4. Innovative talent training mode

　　Innovatively hold the "Four 100" series of activities, and implement "tempering party spirit and polishing the initial heart — — Ten thousand party member into the party school rotation training project ",etc. Carry out the first selection of "Young Talents" at Headquarters. Build an online and offline multi-platform integrated training system, and train more than 100,000 cadres and workers throughout the year, with a cumulative training duration of over 430,000 hours.

　　X. Legal Management Responsibility

　　Abide by relevant laws and regulations, standardize business practices, and separate editing and management. Standardize and improve the business process of advertising review, put an end to illegal advertisements, adhere to the principle of "advertising should also be oriented", and improve the management regulations of advertising production and broadcasting.

　　Xi. Postscript

　　In view of the shortcomings in 2020, the Central Radio and Television General Station will continue to deepen the "three transformations" and accelerate the development of high quality. The construction of its own new media platform has been continuously promoted, and phenomenal programs such as "The History of the Party in Fine Arts Classics" and "China in Classics" have emerged one after another, and the international communication power has soared.

　　In 2021, the Central Radio and Television General Station still has some shortcomings in fulfilling its social responsibilities, and there is still room for improvement in the creation of quality programs, media integration and innovation, and the voice of international events.

　　The Central Radio and Television General Station will further give play to the role of the party’s main propaganda and reporting force as a ballast stone, continue to deepen and upgrade the "headline project", do a good job in the propaganda and reporting of leaders with heart and affection, and continue to promote the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to "fly into the homes of ordinary people" and the charisma of leaders to spread widely all over the world; Focus on welcoming the main line of publicizing and implementing the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and gather together powerful forces for forging ahead; Strengthen overseas delivery capabilities, further enhance international communication power, and promote the formation of a large communication pattern of "like a pouring of large and small pearls into a plate of jade" and "blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees"; Further integrate the main theme of innovation into the whole process of all aspects of the work of the main station, promote the high-quality development of the main station to achieve greater results, and strive to create a world-class new mainstream media with strong leading power, communication power and influence.

The development of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and intelligent network will promote the continuous increase of new functions. At the same time, the demand for high computing power and large bandwidth data transmission will become more and more urgent, coupled with the concept of "software-defined car", which will jointly promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole vehicle EE architecture; At present, various car companies have gradually started to move from the distributed architecture with independent functions to the domain control architecture with integrated functions, and will eventually move to the centralized architecture with central computing and regional control.

One,Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture" leads the trend.

1. Distributed architecture VS centralized architecture

1) Under the distributed architecture, software and hardware are closely coupled, and OEM is more dependent on suppliers. In the process of cooperation, only one technical standard (such as communication information -XX signal, communication form -CAN/LIN, etc.) is provided to Tier1, and each system is provided by different suppliers, resulting in OEM’s vehicle software becoming a mixture of many independent and incompatible software systems. If the OEM wants to change or add new functions, it needs to talk with different suppliers, so it is obviously constrained by suppliers.

Secondly, with more and more ECU, the wiring harness in the car will become longer and longer, which not only increases the weight and cost of the car, but also brings great trouble to the layout and assembly of the car. Moreover, the computing power of each ECU can not be coordinated, resulting in a great waste of computing power.

2) Under the central computing+regional architecture, the computing power is gradually concentrated in the center. First, multiple ecus are merged into a domain controller, and then the domain controllers will continue to merge, eventually forming the ultimate layout of a central computing platform +N regional controllers. At this time, the number of ECU will be greatly reduced, which not only reduces the application cost of ECU and the wiring cost between controllers, but also contributes to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle.

Secondly, the sensors and actuators are connected to the nearby regional controllers, which can better realize the expansion of hardware. At the same time, the structure of the regional controller is easier to manage, and it is easy to realize the automatic assembly of the wiring harness.

2. What is Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture"?

In 2019, Tesla has realized the EE architecture scheme of central computing+regional controller on Model3, leading the trend. So what are the advantages of Tesla’s architecture?

The vehicle electronic and electrical architecture of Tesla Model3 is divided into four parts: CCM (Central Computing Module), BCM FH (Front Body Control Module), BCM LH (Left Body Control Module) and BCM RH (Right Body Control Module). CCM (Central Computing Module) consists of three modules: infotainment system (IVI), driver assistance system (ADAS) and communication system inside and outside the vehicle.

1）Front body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of the whole vehicle and the logical control and drive of the electrical appliances in the front compartment of the vehicle;

2）Left Body Control Module:Responsible for the power distribution, logical control and drive of the left-hand electrical appliances, including the convenience control of the left body and chassis control such as steering and braking;

3) Right body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of right-hand electrical appliances, the logical control and drive of right-hand and back electrical appliances, including the convenience control of right body, power system, air conditioning, etc.

Advantages of Tesla EE architecture:

1) The hardware part of the intelligent driving module adopts a self-developed FSD chip; For the software part, the operating system is customized based on open source Linux, and the middleware is developed by itself. The software and hardware are self-controllable, which not only helps to speed up the iterative update of vehicle functions, but also greatly reduces the development cost of the whole vehicle.

2) On the software architecture level, SOA architecture is adopted to facilitate the deployment of SOTA and the collection and analysis of cloud data.

There is no doubt that Tesla’s electronic and electrical architecture is advanced. Its central computing module -CCM integrates intelligent driving module, audio-visual entertainment module and in-vehicle networking module, and shares a liquid cooling system. Basically, the prototype of centralized architecture is realized, but it is not a centralized architecture in the strict sense. The industry calls this type "quasi-centralized architecture".

Therefore, even Tesla is still a long way from a truly centralized architecture. Considering the technical maturity and cost at that time:

1) The communication architecture is still relatively traditional, mainly based on CAN bus, and the control is still distributed on MCU, and the basic software of MCU adopts FreeRTOS.

2) The central computing module CCM is separated: only the MCU of audio-visual entertainment, the FSD of intelligent driving and the networking module inside and outside the vehicle are formally integrated on one board, but each module still runs its own operating system independently and completes its own tasks independently.

Even so, Tesla is still a practitioner of the most advanced concept of central computing+regional control architecture, which has triggered the learning and catching up of other peers in the industry.

Second, the "chaser" of the domestic Tesla EE architecture

In the era of intelligent and software-defined cars, whoever can master the dominance of EE architecture and software will occupy the commanding heights of the smart car market. Therefore, domestic mainstream vehicle companies are also actively carrying out relevant layout, and the mass production models of "quasi-centralized" architecture scheme will be launched around 2022-2023.

edit

However, the centralized architecture of OEM planning is not too unified in form. For example, the vehicle computing platform of SAIC Zero Beam adopts two HPC high-performance computing units; The scheme of GAC or Great Wall adopts three major computing platforms: central computing platform, intelligent driving domain and intelligent cockpit domain. But generally speaking, the R&D design concept is similar: the hardware adopts the architecture scheme of central computing+regional control, and the software adopts the design concept of SOA software architecture.

1. SAIC Zero Beam-Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Scheme

Hardware platform:It consists of two HPC high-performance computing units, HPC1 and HPC2, and four ZONE controllers. Two high-performance computing units are used as the computing center of the whole vehicle to realize the functions of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and redundant backup of intelligent driving; Four area controllers are used to realize the related functions of different areas.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Hardware Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

Remarks:

1) In August, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam and Xinchi Technology reached a strategic cooperation, and based on the Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 architecture, they will jointly formulate the development roadmap of the chip and vehicle electronic and electrical architecture; At the same time, the two sides will jointly explore and jointly develop a narrow operating system suitable for full stack 3.0 around the chip-level underlying software operating system and virtualization platform technology;

2) In September, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam announced that it had jointly designed and developed the HPC based on "Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0".

Software platform:Adopt SOA integrated software platform of cloud management.

1) The software platform is decoupled from the hardware chip and the operating system. Even if the chip types and operating systems of different EE architecture platforms are different, the software platform can still be translated and reused. For example, Zero Beam’s 1.0 architecture platform and 3.0 architecture platform still use the same software platform, although the underlying hardware and operating system are different.

2) In the application layer, through middleware and SOA atomic service layer, a unified and standard API interface can be provided upwards, which makes the application layer development easier and more reusable. At the same time, coupled with the software platform SDK, OEMs, suppliers, third-party developers and users can all join in the application development and realize the co-creation of application ecology.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Software Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

2. Gac ean-Spirit architecture

1）Hardware platform:Spirit architecture consists of digital mirror cloud, three core modules and four regional controllers (left/right/front/back). Among them,The three core computer modules include central computing unit, intelligent driving domain control module and cockpit domain control module; The central computing unit covers the new energy control module and the body control module, and is responsible for controlling the functions of vehicle running, braking and vehicle equipment.

• The CPU is equipped with NXP S32G399 gateway computing chip, which is composed of 8 A cores and 4 M cores, and has built-in LLCE+PFE acceleration engine, and the communication delay is ≤ 20μ s.;
• Cockpit control module is equipped with Qualcomm 8155/8295 chip, 7nm process, 105K DMIPS computing power, and supports 3D character image rendering, face recognition, AR-HUD and other functions.;
• The intelligent driving domain control module is equipped with Huawei Shengteng 610 high-performance chip and 7nm process, which supports the expansion of computing power of 200~400TOPS. The image processing capacity of ISP can reach 2.4GPix/s, which can cope with complex road conditions such as high speed and cities.

Spirit Architecture Hardware Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

2) Software platform:SOA software architecture with layered design is adopted.

• Basic intermediate layerAdopt atomic service encapsulation and standardized interface;
• Dedicated intermediate layerAdopt enhanced combination service, which can be executed independently;
• APP software layerIs an independent component decoupled from the bottom layer and can directly call the service.

The software architecture realizes service, atomization and standardization of components, decoupling of software and hardware, improving the ability and speed of OTA, and realizing plug and play of hardware-adding new application modules can realize new scenarios.

Spirit Architecture Software Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

3. Great Wall Motor-GEEP4.0 architecture

1) Hardware platform:GEEP4.0 architecture consists of central computing platform (CCU), intelligent cockpit module (HUT), intelligent driving module (ICU), and three regional controllers (VIU_L, VIU_R and VIU_F).

Central computing unit CCUThe main responsibility of CCU is to deal with the functions of auxiliary autopilot, power, chassis, car body, air conditioning, car body status and mode management in a centralized way. Under the high-order autopilot configuration, CCU can be used as a backup of L3 domain controller to achieve the lowest risk conditions.

3 regional controllers:Is a standardized control unit.,Divide, deploy and develop according to the body domain, and arrange them on the left, right and front respectively, which is responsible for integrating some MCU around, that is, integrating ECU, power supply, controller and input/output. At present, most of the software algorithms of the three VIUs have been moved to CCU and developed by Great Wall Software Team. VIU only keeps a small part of logic, and it is more responsible for driving I/O.

GEEP4.0 hardware platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

2) Software platform

• On the application software level, integrate big data, cloud diagnosis, information security and other software systems to achieve functional integration;
• Deploy different domain software in different cores-MCU core adopts CP Autosar, and deploy different domain electronic control software in multiple MCU cores respectively; The HPC core adopts Linux OS and AP Autosar middleware;
• By deploying software in different domains in different cores, the integration between multiple domains is opened horizontally, and the communication between the underlying hardware, operating system (CP autosar, Linux OS), middleware (AP autosar), protocol stack and application software is opened vertically.
• Support FOTA, planning some comfort functions will support SOA.

GEEP4.0 software platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

4. Tucki X-EEA3.0

In November 2021, Xpeng Motors released the Tucki G9 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which is scheduled to be listed in 2022; The car adopts Tucki’s brand-new X-EEA 3.0 architecture. At present, the official customs of Tucki has not revealed too many specific technical details. The author has compiled the following information for your reference:

• Hardware architecture:Central supercomputing+regional control;
• The software platform architecture is divided into three layers.System software platform, basic software platform and intelligent application platform;
• Communication architecture:Adopt gigabit Ethernet communication;
• Data schema:Realize non-inductive OTA- The domain controllers all control the memory in partition isolation, one area is used for upgrading and the other area is used for normal operation of vehicles; Therefore, even when the vehicle is driving normally, OTA upgrade of new functions can still be carried out at the same time;
• Power architecture:The power supply of electrical equipment is controllable, and intelligent and accurate power distribution is carried out according to user scenarios, which reduces unnecessary power waste and optimizes the use of electricity.

Third, the impact of the upgrade of EE architecture

1. Reshaping the supply chain system

Under the traditional distributed architecture, the software is highly coupled with ECU. OEM has a strong dependence on Tier1, which is dominant, and the software and hardware are directly supplied to OEM by packaging. The industrial chain is relatively simple, with software product suppliers/chip suppliers (Tier2) in the upstream, component integrators (Tier1) in the midstream, and vehicle integration plants (OEMs) in the downstream.

With the upgrading and transformation of electronic and electrical architecture, the hardware is gradually standardized, the software is separated from the hardware, and the software and hardware are decoupled, making it a reality to define the automobile by software. Therefore, OEM’s ability to master software-defined cars has become more intense, and they hope to gradually regain the long-awaited "dominance" from Tier1.

To this end, enterprising OEMs began to set up software teams to improve their software research and development capabilities, but there is still a long way to go. In this context, some people have seen the strong demand of car companies for the "self-developed and controllable" cooperation mode, so a new species-Tier 1.5 has emerged, which can support the customization of OEM products upwards and integrate and integrate Tier2 resources downwards, in order to get a share of this "dominance" battle.

At the same time, in order to maintain its dominant position, the traditional Tier1 has also started to vertically integrate and build the R&D capability of the whole stack of software and hardware, transforming from a component supplier to a system solution provider, that is, upgrading from Tier1 to Tier0.5-it can not only provide OEM with software and hardware integrated products, but also provide full-process services from pre-technical research and development to post-data sharing, hoping to maintain a "close" relationship with OEM.

2. Changes in the industry competition pattern

At present, enterprises engaged in research and development of advanced EE architecture can be roughly divided into three categories: vehicle enterprises, Tier1 and technology companies. Vehicle companies have a strong motivation to master the core technology and component dominance of centralized EE architecture, because they have already seen the benefits that this dominance brings to Tesla. However, in the short term, there are still a few vehicle companies that can realize all the self-research of these technologies and components. Most vehicle manufacturers will still rely on Tier1, technology companies and other suppliers to complete it together.

The development project of the vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is complex and the technical link is long. Only the players in the industrial chain can cooperate with each other in each link, give full play to their respective advantages, and form a joint force to achieve the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2. Only in this way can we help the whole vehicle enterprises to complete the upgrading of the architecture more quickly.

For OEM, we will choose the cooperation mode that suits us according to our actual situation:

1) For head car companies with strong R&D capabilities, such as Tesla, they will choose self-research in key core areas such as chip, operating system, middleware and domain controller system integration, while outsourcing some hardware production.

Secondly, the automatic driving perception algorithm is relatively complicated. Even some head car companies will choose to jointly develop the perception algorithm with software companies with strong strength in the industry. In this process, most of them will also learn from teachers, gradually improve their perceptual algorithm ability, and finally move closer to the goal of self-research in the whole stack.

2) For car companies with relatively weak software research and development capabilities, it is necessary to distinguish what is common and what is individual. Considering its own research and development strength and cost pressure, the common part can only be strategically abandoned and handed over to the right supplier to help it complete the development; For the part of personality, you need to do your best to differentiate and create your own brand power. For example, a domain controller or a central computing platform needs Tier1 or a software company with full-stack R&D capability to help it gradually open in layers, and then do personalized and differentiated development at the application layer.

At present, the demand of the main engine factory is personalized and diversified, and most of them tend to ask suppliers for customized development according to their own needs. At the same time, OEM is also trying to improve its own software development ability; In the long run, for Tier1 and the technology companies that intend to do Tier1, it is a general trend that the development rights of some software functions of domain controllers or central computing platforms are "taken back" by OEMs. Therefore, Tier1 and technology companies are also striving to build full-stack technology research and development capabilities for software and hardware to avoid becoming "hardware foundries" for OEMs.

3. The new opportunities brought by the upward breakthrough of EE architecture

In the critical period when intelligent driving entered the second half of the competition, OEM began to upgrade its electronic and electrical architecture to cope with the development of automobile intelligence and networking. In this critical time window, whoever can help OEM to take the lead in realizing the rapid replacement and iterative upgrade of hardware modularity, as well as the portability and maximum reuse of software modules, will win the favor of the OEM and gain a foothold in the new market.

The so-called times make heroes, so which types are more likely to appear "heroes" on the "new outlet"? The author judges that there will be the following types:

1) Dali AI Chip Company-the electronic and electrical architecture is developing rapidly towards domain centralization and central domain control. For OEMs, the choice of high-performance Dali computing platform is a top priority. Therefore, the suppliers of large computing chips will usher in a growing market space. In particular, some chip companies that have recently grown up in China-open system solutions, ability to understand localized scenes, and good engineering supporting services are their current advantages.

2) Domain Controller Integrator-With the upgrading of the electronic and electrical architecture of the whole vehicle, the penetration rate of domain controllers has been promoted, and the emerging market of domain controllers will have great growth space in the future. Domain controller integrators with reliable product quality, which can also greatly save costs and shorten the development cycle for OEMs, will usher in an opportunity for development.

3) Supplier of basic software platform-For the OEM with weak software power, there is no need to re-develop the common part of the basic software platform, because it will not be perceived by consumers. Therefore, you can choose to give this part to the appropriate basic software platform supplier, which can not only reduce your development difficulty and cost, but also use your own manpower and financial resources for the key personalized development part; It is conducive to shortening the product development cycle and bringing it to market as soon as possible.

4. What are the challenges to realize the central computing+regional control architecture?

1. The bottom "chip" foundation determines the height of the upper "architecture"

High-order autonomous driving requires more and more computing power. Carrying chips with more advanced process and stronger performance has become the primary problem to be considered in architecture design, because the mass production time of the planned chips will affect the landing time of the architecture scheme.

When designing the central computing+regional architecture, the central computing platform needs to meet the needs and characteristics of all domains at the same time. Therefore, it needs more powerful chips and a combination of various operating systems. The biggest challenge is to select the available chips. However, at present, there are no mass-produced chips that can meet the requirements of several functional domains at the same time, so most OEMs still adopt the scheme of piecing together multiple chips:

1) Vehicle control system: Generally, MCU is adopted, which runs mature Classic AUTOSAR basic software, which requires high real-time performance and safety level, but its computing power and storage are limited.

2) Intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving field need high-performance and powerful SoC chips, and also need to run complex operating systems, supplemented by middleware.

Secondly, there are more and more players in the field of in-vehicle with high computing power and high performance chips, and the iteration speed of chips is getting faster and faster. If the whole technical architecture needs to be reconstructed every time the chips are replaced, it will seriously affect the development speed of new products. Therefore, the central computing platform needs to have good expansibility, not only a unified sensor and peripheral interface, but also good chip compatibility.

2. Software Capability and Software Team Building

Software capability At present, the mainstream functional domain architecture can be divided into five domains: body domain, chassis domain, power domain, intelligent cockpit domain and autopilot domain. In the process of developing to a centralized architecture, cross-domain integration is inevitable, such as integrating the body domain, chassis domain and power domain into a vehicle control domain, and the ultimate goal in the future is to integrate all functional domains into a central brain. In this development process, not only need to build a large number of software function service capabilities; At the same time, powerful software capabilities are needed to cope with the system collaboration among the underlying real-time operating system, AUTOSAR and other key software modules.

Another embodiment of software capability is that OTA, especially FOTA, requires OEM to have strong software development capability and be able to develop the control software of the underlying executive parts, so as to truly realize the function or performance of software-defined cars.

In 2018, the American Consumer Report magazine pointed out that Model3 had serious problems in emergency braking at high speed. When Model3 is driving at 60 mph, its braking distance is about 46.3 meters, which is higher than other models in the same class. To solve this problem, Model 3 upgrades the firmware by pushing it remotely. The end result is that the emergency braking distance of Model3 is shortened by about 6.1 meters through OTA.

The hardware of the Model 3 braking system is Bosch’s iBooster, but the electric control software at the bottom is developed by Tesla, so the characteristics of the brake pedal can be adjusted through OTA upgrade, that is, the braking force can be optimally distributed during the whole braking process by adjusting the braking response curve, thus shortening the braking distance.

Software team building- If OEM wants to realize the real software-defined car, that is, most functions and performances of the car are defined by itself, then its own research and development ability, especially the software research and development ability, will be a big test. Now powerful OEMs are setting up software R&D teams on a large scale, and software developers are obviously in short supply in the talent market. Even if you are willing to "seduce" with high salary and options, it is difficult to "set" the right talents. At the same time, the management and coordination of software teams are also complicated, which is where traditional OEMs need to carry out intensive learning again.

3. The problem of organizational system

Traditional OEM has a R&D team, a product system and a supply chain system that have been gradually built and improved for many years. However, there will be more things to consider and worry about when the whole vehicle EE architecture changes, such as the reusability of the original production line, the compatibility of the architecture with the huge product line, and the supply chain problems around the world.

A major feature of the centralized architecture is that the computing power is concentrated in the center. In this case, many ecus will definitely be cut off. If a large number of ECU’s are cut off in the car, it is a matter of life and death for employees who rely on these parts and related suppliers. If they can’t make internal and external adjustments, it will be difficult for the new architecture to be promoted and implemented quickly.

To some extent, the traditional OEM has become a "double-edged sword" by virtue of the advantages of supply chain and product system accumulated over the years, and it has begun to hinder them from carrying out architectural innovation. Therefore, it is impossible for them to "cut across the board" when carrying out the structural reform, completely demolish the previous scheme and switch to the new E/E architecture. They can only use the existing resources to make a gradual transition and evolution, and gradually improve their own software R&D capabilities and change their R&D organizational structure to adapt to the new R&D process.

The new forces that build cars have no concerns in this regard, and they can start from scratch. Although it doesn’t accumulate as many past resources as traditional OEM, and it doesn’t have the previous historical burden, it can make new attempts without scruple.

Therefore, from this point of view, the huge organizational system of traditional OEMs has really held them back.

References:

1. How did Neusoft Ruichi start the "future battle" in the second half of the decisive battle for intelligent driving?

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2xl36RUBYqcIz3qEe3nlKw

2. Fully open the standard API interface. Great Wall Motor’s new electronic and electrical architecture creates an open service ecosystem.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jJvwOAx7wS3VSaDOjbDjeg

3. Analyze the electronic and electrical architecture of Xpeng Motors X-EEA 3.0 better than you think.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/O1evq-Qx4WddEX-Tz4SYWA

4. After the popularity of functional domain architecture, regional architecture may be widely used in 2023-2025.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xvvG_cuhbGplBHN3taWOAg

5. What is the core of a software-defined car? Talk about the new generation Tesla electronic and electrical architecture

http://www.eeaconference.com/news/751649/

6. Talking about Tesla’s EEA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-cJUCXh8SviiGege8dXR7A

7. Vehicle architecture reform, domestic domain controller manufacturers welcome development opportunities (securities report)

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

8. SAIC Zero Beam Zeng Jienan: Cloud-tube integrated central computing platform solution

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

9. SAIC Zero Beam and Chuangshi jointly developed the Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 cabin driving integrated HPC.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nGjrX8iYhT-J1DN5loBy3A

10. Open a new era of "software-defined automobile", and analyze the new "Spirit architecture" of GAC’s safety.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7A-SBO3kp8bGoI-oW99qlg

11. Smart car architecture analysis