Country Garden: Another wave of regional presidents left.

Once the bearer of the real estate industry and the originator of high turnover, it is now troubled.

Recently,Country Garden has added a number of shares freeze information.Total number of enterprises whose shares have been executedFreeze equity over 10 billion yuan. In addition, the company also has information such as the executor and the consumption restriction order.

In this regard, Country Garden’s response is:The stock right freeze involves cooperation projects of regional companies.Due to the dispute between Country Garden and the partner in cost calculation and pre-distribution of profits, the partner applied to the court for property preservation. Such disputes are normal commercial disputes, and the court has not yet made a final judgment. The frozen equity value is not the same as the disputed object, and the company is ready to raise an objection to the excessive preservation of the partner.

In addition, in February this year,Ever Credit Limited filed a lawsuit with the Hong Kong High Court on February 27th, 2024.put forwardLiquidation petition against Country Garden, which deals with unpaid term loans with principal of about HK$ 1.6 billion and accrued interest between the petitioner and the company.

To sum up, both partners and debtors are not optimistic about Country Garden.

In fact, Country Garden has been actively promoting in order to cope with changes in the market environment and cope with high debts.

1、continuouslylandStrategic contraction, from 106 regional companies to 21 regional companies now.

2. Layoffs and salary reductions. Every year, we are constantly optimizing and adjusting talents and actively reducing labor costs.

3. sell assets. For example, in August 2023, Country Garden sold 1.29 billion Asian Games Town to China Shipping Real Estate; In January 2024, five projects in Guangzhou were packaged and planned to be sold for 3.818 billion yuan.

4. Give yourself blood transfusion. Yang Huiyan provided 5.5 billion interest-free loans, and it was rumored that private jets were sold to pay off debts.

Of course, although Country Garden has taken a lot of debt repayment measures, it is still a bit of a drop in the bucket for the huge debt of 1.3 trillion yuan.

Many people will question: Country Garden has occupied the first place in the real estate sales list for many years, with sales of 500 billion yuan for many years. For example, Country Garden’s 2019 annual report shows that Country Garden’s operating income reached 485.91 billion yuan, gross profit was about 126.64 billion yuan, and year-on-year net profit was about 61.2 billion yuan. Where did the money go?

I don’t know exactly where I went, but the boss and some senior executives took a lot anyway.

For example, since Country Garden went public, the Yang family has accumulated.Dividends were divided into 42 billion yuan., from Country GardenService dividends exceeded 1.5 billion yuan.. In addition, Yang’s family also receives a high annual salary from Country Garden. For example, in 2021, Yang Guoqiang, his second daughter Yang Huiyan and his third daughter Yang Ziying received an annual salary of 23.728 million yuan, 15.763 million yuan and 24.357 million yuan respectively, totaling 63.848 million yuan. According to statistics, the Yang family has accumulated from Country Garden.The salary is 667 million yuan.

Of course, Country Garden executives are also highly paid, for example, the president.Mo BinIn 2021, the total salary was 190 million yuan, and vice presidentLiang guokun129 million yuan in 2019 and so on.

It also includes regional presidents who used to earn hundreds of millions of dollars a year: former vice president of Country Garden Group and regional president of Jiangsu.Liu senfengIt has been widely reported that he is the first regional president in the history of real estate to get an annual salary of 100 million yuan.

In other words, Country Garden once had 106 regions and 106 regional presidents, not including the vice presidents at the group level and the vice presidents below the regions. These are people with an annual salary of 10 million.

With the regional adjustment and reform of Country Garden, there are only 21 regions from fission to reduction. Many surplus regional presidents, who have connections and backgrounds, are transferred to the group headquarters and other business sectors, and the remaining regions are always reduced to regional vice presidents and regional executive presidents, or marginalized and choose to leave.

I have also written many articles about Country Garden before (there are links related to Country Garden below), and I have also said that the regional presidents of Country Garden have left their jobs one after another.

Recently, I heard that some regional presidents of Country Garden have left.

Xiao Hongzhang: Former President of Country Garden Henan Central Region

Xiao Hongzhang graduated from Hunan University with a bachelor’s degree in architecture. After graduation, he joined Guangdong Architectural Design and Research Institute. In September 2013, he joined Country Garden Group. He first worked for Country Garden Design Institute, then joined Country Garden Real Estate, and served as the regional design director and chief designer in southern Henan. In 2020, Country Garden once again split the region and became the president of central Henan.

Qi Aihong: Former President of Country Garden Inner Mongolia Region

Qi Aihong graduated from Shijiazhuang Institute of Economics with a bachelor’s degree in investment economic management. After graduation, he joined Foshan Dongjian, Evergrande Real Estate, Wanda Real Estate and other companies. In June 2014, he joined Country Garden Group as the general manager of the cost management department of the group, and then transferred to a regional company, successively serving as the regional president of southwest Henan and the regional president of Inner Mongolia. After the regional merger in 2023, he was transferred to Country Garden Kejian Group as the general manager of the company’s marketing and the general manager of the region.

Lan Yi: Former President of Country Garden Huizhou Region

Lan Yi graduated from Southeast University with a bachelor’s degree in engineering management. After graduating in 2007, he joined Country Garden Group, also known as Guan Peisheng of Country Garden. After growing from a civil engineer to a general manager of the project, he began to be independent, and successively served as the executive president of Guangqing District, the general manager of Shaoguan City Company, the president of Shaoguan District, the president of Southwest Sichuan District and the president of Huizhou District.

None of the above three are future leaders, and they all grew up step by step in Country Garden. It can be said that their foundation is still relatively solid.

It is also a hero of the times. At the beginning, Country Garden’s wanton expansion and regional fission were selected by the group as the regional president, which was also a manifestation of its ability.

However, with the deterioration of Country Garden, many people have begun to choose to leave, not because they are disloyal to Country Garden and unwilling to play for it, but because there are really not so many places in Country Garden.

You can have a better choice when you leave Country Garden.

For example, previously reported Country Garden executives teamed up to go to Hailiang Group:

Zhao Ran: Former President of Country Garden Guixi Region, joined Hailiang Group.The assistant president is in charge of the customer center.

Pang Xiaoyun: Former President of Country Garden Zhaoqing Region, joined Hailiang Group as Assistant President.

Zhang Jiansheng: Former President of Country Garden Ningxia Region, joined Hailiang Group as the rotating president of Hailiang Mingkanghui Ecological Agriculture Group.

Zhang Mingzong: Former President of Country Garden in East Anhui, joined Hailiang Group as Assistant President and co-president of Mingjuhui Ecological Agriculture Group.

Peng Long: Former President of Country Garden Southwest Yunnan, joined Hailiang Group as Assistant President of the Group, Assistant President of Shares and Dean of the Research Institute.

With the extinction of Country Garden Group, more and more regional presidents will leave Country Garden, and once thousands of doctors and ten thousand project general managers will also be scattered with the wind.

Although high turnover has brought rich returns in the short term, with the continuous rise of debt, when the bubble bursts, it will be a disaster for both the company and employees.

Comment on China National Intellectual Property Administration’s Invalidation Decision of Re-examination Thoughts on Creative Judgment of Invention Patents Based on Graphical User Interface

【 Preface to Words 】

Graphical user interface (GUI) is the way for users to interact with computers, and it is also the front-end representation of the underlying program code. Because of the particularity of invention patent applications involving computer programs, how to grasp the creative judgment of invention patents based on GUI is also controversial. In this paper, through a case of invalidation request, the creative judgment of invention patent based on graphical user interface is analyzed in detail.

[Concept elaboration]

Chapter 9 of the Examination Guide gives special provisions on the writing of the description and claims of an application for a patent for invention involving a computer program. It is necessary to reflect the technical scheme of the invention as a whole and record the necessary technical features for solving technical problems, instead of simply describing the functions that the computer program has and the effects that the functions can achieve. The method claims should describe in detail the functions that the computer program performs and how to complete them according to the steps of the method flow. The provisions on creative review in Chapter 9 of the Examination Guide, when examining an application for a patent for invention with algorithmic features or business rules and methods, should consider the algorithmic features or business rules and methods that are functionally mutually supportive and interactive with the technical features as a whole. This provision does not conflict with the provisions on creativity in Chapter 4 of Part II of the Examination Guide, and the creative judgment of an application for a patent for invention based on graphical user interface has the same creative judgment as that of applications for a patent for invention in other fields. How to better deal with the relationship between specific writing methods and creative judgment, especially how to accurately identify technical effects under this writing method needs more discussion.

Taking the case under review as an example, it relates to the technical content that users can directly perform simple and intuitive gesture operations on the display screen, which is widely used in the man-machine interaction of the graphical user interface of mobile intelligent terminals. The subject of claim 1 is a shooting method, and part of the features defined by this shooting are the functions executed by computer programs and how to complete these functions, and part of the features are the dynamic changes of the graphical user interface. The effects of graphical user interface recorded in the manual are mostly subjective feelings established in the process of using products, and these characteristics are related to their technical fields. However, whether the characteristics describing the effects of people’s cognitive impressions, psychological reactions and behaviors are obvious or can produce beneficial technical effects compared with the existing technologies, the author believes that in addition to considering the technical scheme recorded in the invention patent application for graphical user interface, we should also treat the invention of graphical user interface as a whole, and consider the technical fields to which the invention belongs, the technical problems solved and the production.

[Case Deduction]

First, determine the technical effect and technical problems in the technical field.

The patent involved in the examination decision is the shooting method limited by the operation steps of the graphical user interface, and the comparison file used in the examination decision is the software version before this patent, both of which are used for shooting the mobile terminal by man-machine interaction of the graphical user interface. The difference between them is that the patent has added the feature that the button shape changes in the same direction as the carrier moves on the screen to remind the user of the current operation information. Just looking at the above differences, it’s just a dynamic graphical user interface operation change, whose function is to prompt the user’s current operation and enhance the user experience. The effect brought by this operation change in any graphical user interface is consistent, and it is impossible to know its beneficial effect, but it is completely different when it is placed in the field where the invention patent is located. The change caused by this operation is the change of whether the shooting information prompt is given during the shooting process, which is the effect produced in practical application. Moreover, there is a big difference in the experience between the photographer with information prompt and the photographer without information prompt, so it is necessary to combine the technical field to determine the technical effect.

Also considering the technical field, it will be clear in creative judgment that the technical problem to be solved is closely related to online video shooting. This button posture changes with the movement of the button, which can give the photographer accurate information. By giving the information, the photographer can know what he is doing and have an intuitive feeling of what he is doing, that is to say, he knows that the technical task of improving the nearest existing technology in order to obtain better shooting effect is to give corresponding shooting tips. Without the technical field, "the position and posture of the button changes with the movement of the carrier" is a change in the graphical user interface, just like the simple movement of the mouse on the computer display interface, which is not related to the actual operation and will not produce the actual technical effect, and the technicians in this field are not clear about the problem to be solved by this feature. Therefore, in creative judgment, it is necessary to consider the technical effect of technical features in the technical field of graphical user interface and re-determine the technical problems that need to be solved according to the technical field.

Second, objectively judge the technical effect and technical problems

First of all, objectively understand the technical effect and technical problems of the patent recording scheme. Technical effect is an important factor to judge creativity, and beneficial technical effect is an important basis to determine whether an invention has "significant progress". The description should clearly and objectively state the beneficial effects of the invention or utility model compared with the existing technology. The patent involved in this decision records that the invention in the prior art has the beneficial technical effects of "supporting the interactive action of shooting button movement with finger movement, meeting the needs of users to continue shooting with multi-angle and rotating mobile phones, and improving the user experience". In the author’s opinion, after reading this patent, we can know that the specific technical feature of the shooting method "the button moves with the finger during shooting" brings the technical effect of "multi-angle, rotating the mobile phone can continue shooting", and based on this technical effect, the problem of "how to achieve multi-angle shooting" is determined to be solved, but "improving the user experience" cannot solve the above problem; At the same time, the technical effect is brought by the technical features of the invention directly acting on the product or inevitably produced in the product, which is the product itself and the external presentation of the technical scheme, while "improving the user experience" is the intuitive feeling of the user in the process of using the product, which is also interpreted in ISO9241-210 standard as including the user’s feelings, beliefs, preferences, cognitive impressions, physiological and psychological reactions, behaviors and achievements in using the product. These feelings are formed by people’s processing, and they may vary from person to person. Similarly, people’s feelings are not the attributes of products, so it is not appropriate to divide them into technical features with technical effects.

Secondly, objectively understand the technical effects of patents compared with existing technologies. In the decision, the reference document discloses the above-mentioned feature "supporting the interactive action of shooting button movement with finger movement", which also discloses the claimed technical effect, and the Review Guide says that "as a principle, any technical effect of the invention can be used as the basis for re-determining technical problems". Therefore, in the case that the difference between the technical scheme protected by this patent claim and the reference document has changed (the specific difference feature is as above), the technical scheme of this patent should be re-recognized when judging creativity.

In the above distinguishing features, "used for prompting the user’s current operation information" is the function or result of "the shape of the button changes in the same direction with the movement of the carrier", which is not the operation mode or step of shooting. Although it can satisfy the user’s easier interaction with the product, it is beneficial to complete the ideal shooting and even improve the user experience. In the case that the technical scheme does not record that "Prompting the user’s current operation information" is associated with the product it works on and can realize a specific function, it should not continue to be considered that this feature has other technical effects, unless the technical scheme also records that the next step or operation should be continued according to "Prompting the user’s current operation information". Therefore, the technical effect of the above distinguishing features is that the button shape changes in the same direction with the movement of the carrier when the carrier pressing the button moves on the screen, and the user is informed of the current operation action, so that the user can clearly know the current operation action, that is, the user is prompted of the current operation information, the controllability of the product is improved, and of course, the user experience is improved.

Based on this technical effect, the technical problem is "how to improve the controllability of products". From the overall technical scheme, this technical effect inevitably produced by technical characteristics is beneficial technical effect, so the invention has made remarkable progress.

Third, commercial success plays an auxiliary role in creative judgment.

The Review Guide gives other factors that need to be considered when judging an invention, and emphasizes that when the application is "the invention is successful in business", it should not be easily concluded that the invention is not creative. Some people also think that "patent is the product of the market, and its destination is the market after all". The commercial success of software products is the result of users’ comparison and selection of specific software and other similar software in the market in a free market. Most countries, such as the United States and Japan, basically adopt the standard of "non-obviousness" in creative judgment, and believe that whether an invention patent reflects technological progress can be tested by market rules without making special provisions in the patent law. From this point of view, if the free use of similar software includes the invention patents of computer graphical user interface, which invention patent obtains beneficial technical effects, the market choice is more authentic.

It is true that there is no quantitative proof standard for commercial success, but the large increase in the number of users of a software and the frequent imitation by latecomers can reflect the beneficial effects of the invention in the software, and also show that the invention is not obvious. Although commercial success was not introduced in the examination decision, objectively, the shooting method of the patent involved was used in the version of "vibrato short video" after the patent application date, and its download volume was much larger than that before the application date. Excluding the increase in software usage caused by the improvement of sales technology, advertising or the habitual effect of the public’s continuous use of software, the positive and efficient experience brought by the software improvement to the users can not be underestimated, which is why the software users can be more welcome to the new version.

During the substantive examination, the application for a patent for invention of graphical user interface may not be popularized on a large scale or widely recognized in the industry, that is, it has not achieved commercial success, so it is not obvious that the beneficial effects of the invention can not be considered from the perspective of commercial success in the substantive examination. However, if the patent is found to be commercially successful in the post-confirmation procedure, it should be considered and the conclusion that the invention is not creative should not be easily made, which leads to different factors to be considered in the creative judgment of invention patent authorization and confirmation. Theoretically, the conclusion whether the invention is creative should be unique, so the commercial success directly caused by technical characteristics should not conflict with the beneficial effects obtained by other judgment methods, so as to avoid the situation that different creative judgment methods lead to different conclusions. (Review and Invalid Trial Department Zhou Leiming lixi)

Spring Festival travel rush train tickets are on sale from now on. Four strategies will help you grab the home ticket.

  BEIJING, Beijing, December 15th (Wu Tao) The train tickets for Spring Festival travel rush are on sale today! Send a raiders, let you get twice the result with half the effort on the way to grab tickets.

  No strategy? Let’s look at the situation in Spring Festival travel rush this year. In 2017, Spring Festival travel rush is the earliest Spring Festival travel rush in five years from January 13th, and this year’s train ticket purchase period is shortened to 30 days, which is called "the most difficult year to grab tickets". According to the data of China Railway Corporation, in 2017, the national railways are expected to send 356 million passengers, an increase of 31.56 million passengers, an increase of 9.7%.

  Raiders one

  Know yourself and your enemy, and pay attention to increasing and temporary trains.

  The art of war has a cloud, know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle. The same is true for robbing Spring Festival travel rush train tickets. Some basic rules must be clear. As for the time to grab tickets, the website of 12306 adjusted the time to sell tickets in August this year, and the time to start selling tickets every day was advanced from 7:00 to 6:00.

  However, the 12306 website and telephone booking implement the measures of different starting time at different stations. During the period from 8: 00 to 18: 00, new tickets will be on sale at every hour and half past one. For example, the ticketing time for trains departing from Beijing West Railway Station is 8:00, Shanghai Station is 14:30 and Guangzhou Station is 11:00.

  Therefore, as long as you are optimistic about the starting station or the specific number of trains, remember the earliest selling time of tickets, and there is no need to get up early at 6 o’clock to grab tickets. However, it should be noted that during my stay in Spring Festival travel rush, some trains are temporarily suspended, so don’t rely on your usual experience to grab tickets on these trains.

  Zhongxin. com also notes that a notable feature of Spring Festival travel rush in 2017 is that there are more additional trains or temporary trains. In December, there are announcements of additional trains during the stay in Spring Festival travel rush almost every day. You may wish to pay more attention. After all, if you add a train, there will be hundreds of more tickets, and the probability of grabbing tickets will naturally increase.

  Raiders ii

  60% of tickets don’t need verification code, and make rational use of "high technology"

  According to China Railway Corporation, nearly 60% of the tickets on the 12306 website are sold, and passengers no longer need to use the verification code, which greatly improves their ticket purchasing experience.

  Without the protection of verification code, it is convenient for passengers to buy tickets, but also convenient for the ticketing software to grab tickets? Some netizens said that if you don’t need to grab the ticket software, you will lose. Zhongxin. com contacted a number of ticketing software companies, and they all kept silent about it.

  The introduction of ticketing software in the market is basically the same. Take the 360 ticketing browser as an example. According to the introduction, it can automatically, quickly and accurately identify the verification code, and users can also choose to automatically log in, automatically swipe tickets and automatically submit orders. Zhongxin. com tried a certain ticketing software, and the process was smooth and fully automatic to reach the payment link.

  However, when using the ticketing software, we should pay attention to information leakage and try to use the products of some well-known enterprises. China Railway Customer Service Center issued an announcement to remind you not to purchase tickets through third-party purchasing websites and mobile phone clients, so as to avoid being unable to refund or change tickets online because the purchasing party fraudulently uses other people’s information, which will affect travel.

  Raiders iii

  Buy tickets in a roundabout way to avoid the direct peak.

  Judging from the situation in previous years, the direct train tickets between the two places are often snapped up. At this time, we may wish to play a "detour" strategy.

  For example, because there is no high-speed rail between Beijing and Yinchuan, a berth ticket is precious. On the 14th, Zhongxin. com inquired on the website of 12306 that on January 12th, 2017 and a few days ago, there were few berth tickets left in Beijing-Yinchuan, but there were enough berth tickets in Shijiazhuang-Yinchuan, and tickets in Beijing-Shijiazhuang were also very easy to buy. At this time, you can go from Beijing to Shijiazhuang first and then to Yinchuan.

  However, this situation generally takes a long time. If you buy tickets in advance, the transfer station will set aside more time to avoid one step and one step. If you buy tickets temporarily at the transfer station, you must pay attention to the ticket sales, so as to avoid being "people in the road" who have no tickets at the transfer station.

  Can’t design a transit route? Nowadays, many ticketing websites are very intelligent. For example, searching for the starting point and destination on Qunar.com’s train ticket purchase page will push four types of ride schemes: direct, boarding and ticket replacement, transit and adjacent lines.

  In addition, the "detour" strategy can also be adopted for telephone booking. If the local booking telephone can’t get through, you can add the telephone area code of other cities in your province and try again, and it is best to use a fixed telephone.

  Raiders iv

  We’re leaving soon! Don’t worry, go to "catch the leak"

  According to the introduction of China Railway Corporation, according to the law, at the time nodes such as 15 days, 48 hours and 24 hours before driving, the refund is relatively concentrated. At this time, those who have not grabbed the ticket can go to "leak".

  According to the feedback from netizens, according to experience, a few hours before the train leaves, it is the prime time of "missing".

  The main reason is that the 12306 website stipulates that those who have not exchanged paper tickets and are not later than 30 minutes before driving can apply for a refund on the website; There are also some passengers who will temporarily refund their tickets because their itinerary has changed or they have missed the train; There are also some "scalpers" who have not sold the tickets and will also refund the tickets before the train leaves.

  extend

  Can’t get the train ticket? Try to get off the train

  If you still can’t grab the train ticket, people who are not far away may wish to try the ride that has arisen in recent two years. Its flexible and convenient features are favored by more and more people. According to the data provided by Didi, during Spring Festival travel rush in 2016, Didi hitchhiking covered 31 provinces, with a total of 1.9 million people traveling together.

  During the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2016, the Ministry of Transport stated that the carpooling home launched by the Internet platform was supported by the Ministry of Transport as long as it was not for profit.

  The reporter from Zhongxin. com has experienced cross-city hitchhiking many times. Taking Beijing to Shijiazhuang as an example, the cost required is basically the same as that of the second-class ticket of the high-speed rail. The most important thing is to pick up the car and send it, which saves the hassle of entering and leaving the train station.

  However, the safety of hitchhiking has always been a focus of attention. For Spring Festival travel rush in 2017, Didi Shunfeng Business Department told Zhongxin.com that it will start in November. Didi began to plan this year’s Spring Festival cross-city home project. "At present, cross-city passengers have begun to implement safety measures such as passenger real-name authentication, owner’s three-certificate verification and face recognition to ensure smooth and safe travel." (End)

Notice of the General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Measures for Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement in Hunan Province, the Measures for Recor

  General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government

  Notice on Issuing the Measures for Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement in Hunan Province, the Measures for Recording the Whole Process of Administrative Law Enforcement in Hunan Province and the Measures for Legal Review of Major Administrative Law Enforcement Decisions in Hunan Province

  Xiang Zheng Ban Fa [2019] No.53

The people’s governments of cities, counties and cities, the provincial government departments and commissions, and the directly affiliated institutions:

  The measures for publicity of administrative law enforcement in Hunan Province, the measures for recording the whole process of administrative law enforcement in Hunan Province and the measures for legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions in Hunan Province have been agreed by the provincial people’s government and are hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize their implementation.

  General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government

  October 14, 2019

  (This piece is made public voluntarily)

  Measures of Hunan Province on Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement

  Chapter I General Principles

  the first
In order to enhance the transparency of administrative law enforcement, standardize and supervise administrative law enforcement actions, and ensure citizens, legal persons and other organizations to obtain administrative law enforcement information according to law, according to the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Implementing the System of Recording the Whole Law Enforcement Process of Administrative Law Enforcement, and the Legal Review System of Major Law Enforcement Decisions (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.118) and the Administrative Procedure Regulations of Hunan Province,

  the second
The term "administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the administrative acts of administrative organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations (hereinafter referred to as administrative law enforcement organs) that affect the rights and obligations of citizens, legal persons and other organizations by implementing administrative licensing, administrative punishment, administrative coercion, administrative expropriation, administrative inspection and administrative confirmation according to law.

  Article
The term "publicity of administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities of administrative law enforcement organs to disclose the relevant information of administrative law enforcement to the parties and the society on their own initiative through certain carriers and methods before, during and after administrative law enforcement.

  In accordance with the application for the disclosure of administrative law enforcement information, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information.

  Article 4 The administrative law enforcement organs shall, when disclosing administrative law enforcement information, adhere to the principles of fairness, fairness, legality, timeliness and convenience, with publicity as the norm and non-disclosure as the exception.

  Fifth people’s governments at or above the county level shall uniformly lead the publicity work of administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative areas.

  The competent departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the administrative law enforcement organs at all levels shall be responsible for organizing, coordinating and promoting the publicity of administrative law enforcement as an important part of the government’s and the department’s openness in government affairs, and do a good job in daily guidance, supervision and inspection.

  The judicial administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the administrative law enforcement organs at higher levels shall be responsible for guiding the implementation of administrative law enforcement publicity in their own administrative areas and systems, and cooperating with relevant departments to do a good job in supervision and inspection.

  Article 6
Administrative law enforcement organs at all levels should establish and improve the working mechanism and management system of administrative law enforcement publicity in accordance with the principle of "who enforces the law and who is responsible for publicity", and clarify the responsibilities of collection, transmission, review, release and management of administrative law enforcement publicity content.

  Article 7
The provincial people’s government shall establish and improve the unified comprehensive management and supervision information system of administrative law enforcement in the whole province, and gradually realize online entry of relevant law enforcement information, online circulation of law enforcement procedures, online supervision of law enforcement activities, real-time push of law enforcement decisions, online inquiry of law enforcement information and unified publicity of law enforcement information.

  The portal websites of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their administrative law enforcement organs and the unified administrative law enforcement comprehensive management and supervision information system of the whole province are the unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platforms of the administrative regions and departments. The administrative law enforcement information publicity platform that has been built by the relevant departments should be connected with the unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platform to realize interconnection.

  In addition to the administrative law enforcement information only presented to the administrative counterpart according to the relevant provisions, all other administrative law enforcement information that should be disclosed to the public should be published on a unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platform.

  Chapter II Prior Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement

  Article 8
Administrative law enforcement organs should take the initiative to disclose the following administrative law enforcement information that involves public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs public participation, and reflects their functions, institutional settings, procedures, etc. in advance on a unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platform:

  (a) the information of the administrative law enforcement subject and the administrative law enforcement personnel, including the name, function, office address and contact information of the administrative law enforcement subject and the name, work unit, law enforcement field and law enforcement certificate number of the administrative law enforcement personnel;

  (2) Information on administrative law enforcement matters and basis (i.e. power list), including specific administrative law enforcement matters such as administrative punishment, administrative license, administrative compulsion, administrative inspection, administrative expropriation and administrative confirmation undertaken by administrative law enforcement organs according to law and the laws, regulations and rules on which they are based;

  (3) Information on administrative law enforcement procedures, including the steps, methods, time limits and various administrative law enforcement flowcharts to be followed in implementing administrative law enforcement;

  (4) Information on the ways of rights relief and supervision, including the rights enjoyed by the parties to apply for administrative reconsideration and bring administrative proceedings according to law, and the ways and means of reporting and complaining about administrative law enforcement activities;

  (five) other administrative law enforcement information that should be disclosed in advance in accordance with laws, regulations and rules.

  The list information in Item (2) of the preceding paragraph shall be made public after the legal institution of the administrative law enforcement organ conducts the legality review; The administrative law enforcement organs with the power of administrative inspection shall also formulate and make public a list of random inspection items in accordance with relevant requirements.

  Article 9
Administrative law enforcement organs in the service hall, government affairs center and other office places to provide services, it should be set up according to the requirements of standardized information bulletin board, express the job responsibilities of staff, demonstration text of application materials, progress inquiry, consulting services, complaints and reports and other information.

  The administrative law enforcement organ shall prepare a service guide for administrative law enforcement matters such as administrative licensing, administrative expropriation and administrative confirmation, and make it public in a way that is convenient for the public to know, such as public signs in the service hall and service windows, so as to facilitate the masses to handle affairs.

  The judicial administrative department of the tenth provincial people’s government shall take the initiative to disclose the relevant information of the administrative law enforcement personnel in the province, and provide inquiry services and accept social supervision.

  Eleventh administrative law enforcement organs shall, in accordance with the laws, regulations, rules and changes in institutional functions, timely and dynamically adjust the scope of administrative law enforcement in advance.

  Chapter III Publicity in Administrative Law Enforcement

  Twelfth administrative law enforcement personnel in the implementation of supervision and inspection, investigation and evidence collection, enforcement measures and enforcement, law enforcement documents and other law enforcement activities, must take the initiative to show their identity and produce administrative law enforcement certificates.

  In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, law enforcement clothing and law enforcement signs are unified, and when implementing administrative law enforcement, they should dress and wear signs in accordance with the regulations.

  Article 13
Administrative law enforcement personnel shall issue administrative law enforcement documents in the process of administrative law enforcement, and inform the parties and interested parties of relevant law enforcement facts, reasons, basis, legal rights and obligations in a timely manner according to law.

  In case of emergency, oral and other means may be adopted, except that written notification is required by laws, regulations and rules.

  Chapter IV Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement Afterwards

  Fourteenth administrative law enforcement after the public, refers to the disclosure of the relevant information of the administrative law enforcement decision.

  In addition to the provisions of article sixteenth of these measures, the information of administrative law enforcement decisions shall be disclosed in full.

  Article 15
Except as otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, the administrative law enforcement organ shall, within 7 working days from the date of making the decision on administrative license and administrative punishment, and within 20 working days from the date of making other administrative law enforcement decisions, announce the relevant information of the administrative law enforcement decision to the public on the unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platform and accept social supervision.

  The time limit specified in the preceding paragraph shall be calculated from the day after the date specified in the administrative law enforcement decision.

  Sixteenth administrative law enforcement decisions in any of the following circumstances, shall not be made public:

  (a) the parties are minors;

  (two) involving state secrets, and may endanger national security, public safety, economic security and social stability after disclosure;

  (three) involving business secrets, personal privacy and publicity will cause damage to the legitimate rights and interests of third parties;

  (four) other circumstances that are not allowed to be disclosed by laws, regulations and rules.

  Involving commercial secrets, personal privacy and information of administrative law enforcement decisions that will cause damage to the legitimate rights and interests of third parties after disclosure, the obligee agrees to disclose it or it is really necessary to disclose it according to law, and the administrative law enforcement organ shall make appropriate treatment of the administrative law enforcement decisions before making them public.

  Article 17
When the administrative law enforcement organ makes public the administrative law enforcement decision, it shall specify the publicity period. Among them, the administrative licensing decision should generally be publicized for a long time within the validity period; The time for keeping the written decision of administrative punishment and the results of administrative inspection on the information publicity platform of administrative law enforcement is generally not less than one year. Unless otherwise provided by laws, regulations and rules, such provisions shall prevail.

  If the published administrative law enforcement decision is revoked according to law, confirmed to be illegal or required to be re-made, the administrative law enforcement organ shall withdraw the original administrative law enforcement decision within 5 working days from the date of the above-mentioned situation.

  Article 18
The administrative law enforcement organ shall, before January 31 of each year, make public the overall situation and relevant data of the annual administrative law enforcement in the unified administrative law enforcement information publicity platform, and submit them to the judicial administrative department of the people’s government at the same level and the higher competent department.

  Chapter V Supervision and Inspection

  Nineteenth people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the leadership of the administrative law enforcement publicity work in this administrative region, and incorporate its implementation into the important content of the assessment of the construction of a government ruled by law.

  Article 20
The competent department of the people’s government at or above the county level responsible for the publicity of government affairs and the administrative law enforcement organs at higher levels shall guide, supervise and inspect the publicity of administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative areas and systems, and urge the administrative law enforcement organs to make rectification if they fail to carry out the publicity of administrative law enforcement in accordance with the provisions; If the circumstances are serious, give it to informed criticism. If it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of the responsible leaders and the directly responsible personnel, it shall put forward suggestions to the competent authorities according to law.

  Article 21
If the administrative law enforcement organ finds that its public information on administrative law enforcement is inaccurate, it shall promptly correct it. A citizen, a legal person or any other organization that the information on administrative law enforcement disclosed by the administrative law enforcement organ is inaccurate or fails to disclose the relevant information on administrative law enforcement in accordance with the provisions may request the administrative law enforcement organ to make corrections, and may submit it to the competent department of the people’s government at the corresponding level responsible for the openness of government affairs or the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level. The competent department in charge of the publicity of government affairs or the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level shall supervise and urge the rectification; If the circumstances are serious, give it to informed criticism.

  Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

  Twenty-second laws, regulations and rules shall be implemented by the people’s governments at or above the county level, and the publicity of administrative law enforcement shall be the responsibility of the administrative law enforcement organs that specifically undertake administrative law enforcement matters.

  Twenty-third organizations entrusted with administrative law enforcement duties according to law to carry out administrative law enforcement publicity activities, the application of this approach.

  Article 24 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

  Measures of Hunan Province for Recording the Whole Process of Administrative Law Enforcement

  Chapter I General Principles

  the first
In order to strengthen the recording, preservation, management and use of information on the whole process of administrative law enforcement, further standardize and supervise the administrative law enforcement behavior, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, according to the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Administrative Enforcement Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on the Legal Review System for the Full Implementation of the Recording System of the Whole Process of Administrative Law Enforcement (Guo Ban Fa [2018] 18

  the second
The term "administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the administrative acts of administrative organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations (hereinafter referred to as administrative law enforcement organs) that affect the rights and obligations of citizens, legal persons and other organizations by implementing administrative licensing, administrative punishment, administrative coercion, administrative expropriation, administrative inspection and administrative confirmation according to law.

  Article
The term "record of the whole process of administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities of recording and preserving the whole process of administrative law enforcement, such as initiation, investigation and evidence collection, examination and decision, delivery and execution, through written, audio-visual and other forms of records.

  Written record is a way to record administrative law enforcement activities in the form of paper documents or electronic documents.

  Audio-visual recording is a way to record the administrative law enforcement process in real time through tape recorders, cameras, video cameras, law enforcement recorders, video surveillance and other recording equipment.

  Article 4
The administrative law enforcement organ shall make a written record of the whole process of administrative law enforcement. According to the relevant provisions of the state and the provisions of these measures, the law enforcement process of audio-visual recording must be carried out, and the administrative law enforcement organ shall carry out audio-visual recording in accordance with the provisions.

  Article 5 Records of the whole process of administrative law enforcement shall adhere to the principles of legality, objectivity, comprehensiveness, timeliness and traceability.

  Article 6 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall uniformly lead the work of recording the whole process of administrative law enforcement within their respective administrative areas.

  The judicial administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the administrative law enforcement organs at higher levels shall be responsible for the guidance, supervision and inspection of the whole process of administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative areas and systems.

  Article 7
The relevant competent departments at the provincial level shall, jointly with the financial department, formulate the law enforcement equipment standards, equipment planning, facilities construction planning and annual implementation plan of the administrative law enforcement organs at all levels of the system according to the relevant requirements of the state, and submit them to the provincial people’s government for approval before implementation.

  The administrative law enforcement organ shall, according to the law enforcement equipment standards, equipment planning, facilities construction planning and annual implementation plan formulated by the provincial competent department, formulate specific implementation plans and report them to the people’s government at the same level for approval before implementation.

  Article 8
Administrative law enforcement organs should strengthen the informatization construction of administrative law enforcement, establish and improve the working mechanism of data recording of the whole process of administrative law enforcement based on the Internet, electronic authentication and electronic signature, and continuously improve the informatization and standardization level of administrative law enforcement.

  Chapter II Records of Program Start-up Stage

  Article 9
When an administrative law enforcement organ initiates administrative law enforcement procedures such as administrative license and administrative confirmation based on the application of a citizen, legal person or other organization, it shall record the application, registration, acceptance or rejection, and request the applicant to correct and supplement the application materials. The forms of records include an application form, a registration form, a written certificate of acceptance or rejection, and a notice requesting the applicant to correct or supplement the application materials.

  The administrative law enforcement organ may install a video surveillance system at the place where the application is received, and record the registration, acceptance and handling process in real time.

  Article 10
Where an administrative law enforcement organ initiates administrative punishment, administrative enforcement and other administrative law enforcement procedures ex officio, the administrative law enforcement personnel shall fill in the procedure initiation approval form, and record the reasons for starting, the source of the case, the basic situation of the parties, the basic case, the opinions of the contractor or the contractor, and the opinions of the person in charge of the administrative law enforcement organ for examination and approval.

  Article 11
If the administrative law enforcement organ starts the administrative collection procedure according to law, it shall record the starting reasons, legal conditions, examination and approval opinions of relevant departments, etc. The ways of recording include the certification materials that meet the needs of public interests, the certification materials that meet various plans and plans, and the approval opinions of the competent authorities that agree to start the collection.

  Twelfth administrative law enforcement organs in accordance with the requirements of "double random, one open" to start the administrative inspection procedures, it should be randomly selected inspection objects, randomly selected law enforcement inspectors and sampling methods and other content records.

  Chapter III Records of Investigation and Evidence Obtaining Stage

  Thirteenth administrative law enforcement organs shall make corresponding administrative law enforcement documents and record the following situations in the process of investigation and evidence collection (review and verification):

  (a) the name of the administrative law enforcement personnel, the number of the law enforcement certificate, and the situation of showing the law enforcement certificate and showing the law enforcement identity;

  (2) Asking about the parties and witnesses;

  (three) on-site inspection (investigation, inspection);

  (four) the collection of documentary evidence, physical evidence and other evidence;

  (5) Sampling for evidence collection and entrusting a third party to conduct inspection, testing, quarantine, appraisal, expert argumentation or review and evaluation;

  (6) Informing the parties about their rights to make statements, defend themselves, apply for withdrawal, apply for a hearing, etc. according to law, and about their statements, defend themselves and apply for withdrawal;

  (seven) hearing, listen to the opinions of the parties or the public;

  (8) Other relevant information.

  Article 14
If the administrative law enforcement organ implements administrative law enforcement according to the application, it shall review the application materials after accepting it; According to the legal conditions and procedures, if it is necessary to verify the substantive contents of the application materials, it shall be verified by two or more administrative law enforcement personnel, and the corresponding examination or verification conclusion documents shall be made.

  In accordance with the law, if it should be reviewed by the administrative law enforcement organ at a lower level and then reported to the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level for decision, the administrative law enforcement organ at a lower level shall submit the preliminary examination opinions and all application materials to the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level within the statutory time limit, and the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level shall file them for preservation.

  Article 15
If the administrative law enforcement organs carry out administrative law enforcement according to their functions and powers, and the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, and with the approval of the person in charge of the administrative organ, they take administrative compulsory measures according to law, such as registering and preserving evidence in advance, restricting citizens’ personal freedom, sealing up places, facilities or property, seizing property, freezing deposits and remittances, etc., they shall make corresponding administrative law enforcement documents to record the relevant situation, and at the same time make audio-visual records of the whole process.

  Article 16 The administrative law enforcement organs shall make audio-visual records of on-site inspection (investigation and inquest), sampling for evidence collection, holding hearings and other controversial investigation and evidence collection processes.

  Seventeenth administrative law enforcement organs to record the investigation and evidence collection process, should focus on the following contents:

  (a) law enforcement site environment, law enforcement places;

  (two) the physical characteristics, words and deeds of administrative law enforcement personnel, parties, witnesses and other relevant personnel on the spot;

  (3) Relevant evidence such as important articles involved and their main features;

  (four) the scene of the administrative law enforcement personnel to take measures against the relevant personnel and property;

  (five) the service of law enforcement documents by administrative law enforcement personnel;

  (six) other contents that should be recorded.

  Article 18
In the process of audio-visual recording, if it is interrupted due to special circumstances, the reason for the interruption shall be explained by voice when the recording is resumed. If it is really impossible to explain the reasons in the audio-visual records due to objective reasons, the situation should be explained in writing afterwards, and the file should be attached.

  Chapter IV Records of Audit Decision Stage

  Article 19
After the investigation, the administrative law enforcement organ shall record the handling opinions put forward by the administrative law enforcement contractor, the proposed administrative law enforcement decision and the examination and approval opinions of the person in charge of the administrative law enforcement organ. The forms of records include handling instructions, opinions to be made, administrative law enforcement decisions (or cases) approval forms, administrative law enforcement decision documents, etc.

  Twentieth administrative law enforcement decisions made by administrative law enforcement organs shall specify the following items:

  (a) the basic situation of the parties;

  (2) Facts and evidence to prove them;

  (3) Applicable legal norms;

  (4) the contents of the decision;

  (five) the way and time of performance;

  (six) the way and time limit of relief;

  (seven) the seal and date of the administrative organ;

  (eight) other matters that should be specified.

  The administrative law enforcement decision document shall be produced; Where summary procedures are applicable, formatted documents may be used.

  Article 21
If a major administrative law enforcement decision has been demonstrated or reviewed by experts, the situation of expert demonstration or review shall be recorded. The forms of records include expert argumentation or review opinions, meeting minutes and sign-in forms, etc.

  Twenty-second major administrative law enforcement decisions have been audited by the legal system, and the relevant information of the legal system audit shall be recorded. The record is in the form of legal audit opinions.

  Article 23
If a major administrative law enforcement decision is decided by the person in charge of the administrative law enforcement organ through collective discussion, the opinions and decisions of the collective discussion shall be recorded. The form of the record is the minutes and minutes of the meeting that comprehensively record the opinions of the responsible persons of the administrative law enforcement organs.

  Chapter V Records of Delivery and Execution Stage

  Article 24
If the administrative law enforcement organ directly serves the administrative law enforcement documents, it shall make a receipt of service, and record the name, time and place of service, the addressee, the addressee or the signatory who meets the legal conditions and the receipt on the receipt of service.

  Article 25
Administrative law enforcement organs take lien to serve administrative law enforcement documents, it shall record the reasons and date of lien service, witnesses, delivery, etc. on the service receipt, and at the same time take audio-visual recording to record the service process.

  Article 26
When an administrative law enforcement organ serves an administrative law enforcement document by mail, it shall use a registered postal letter or express mail, indicate the name and document number of the administrative law enforcement document served on the mailing list, and keep the voucher and receipt for mailing.

  Twenty-seventh administrative law enforcement organs to entrust, transfer and other ways to serve administrative law enforcement documents, it should be in the service receipt to record the reasons for the entrustment or transfer, the addressee, the signatory and the signing situation.

  Article 28
Where the administrative law enforcement organ serves the administrative law enforcement documents by announcement, it shall record the reasons, methods, process and date of the announcement. If an announcement is made in the media, the voucher for the announcement shall be retained; Where an announcement is posted in the relevant place, the documents of the announcement shall be retained, and the announcement process shall be recorded by audio and video.

  Twenty-ninth if the parties voluntarily perform the obligations determined by the administrative law enforcement decision, the administrative law enforcement organ shall record the voluntary performance of the parties and keep the relevant documents.

  Where the administrative law enforcement organ shall perform the obligations determined by the administrative law enforcement decision at the same time, it shall record the performance of the obligations by the administrative law enforcement organ and keep relevant vouchers.

  Article 30
Where the administrative law enforcement organ implements administrative enforcement according to law, it shall make corresponding administrative law enforcement documents, record the situation of urging, making and serving enforcement decisions, administrative enforcement methods, etc., and make audio-visual records of the specific process of implementing administrative enforcement.

  If a party or a third party makes statements, arguments or objections to administrative enforcement, the administrative law enforcement organ shall record the opinions or objections raised by the party or the third party and the handling of relevant opinions and objections by the administrative law enforcement organ.

  Article 31 Where an administrative law enforcement organ applies to a people’s court for compulsory execution according to law, it shall record the demand, the application and the result of compulsory execution.

  Chapter VI Management and Use of Records

  Thirty-second administrative law enforcement organs shall establish and improve the management system of administrative law enforcement files, and clarify the person responsible for the preservation, use and management of administrative law enforcement records.

  The administrative law enforcement organ shall, within 30 days from the end of the administrative law enforcement act, timely file and save the records of the whole process of administrative law enforcement in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and archives management provisions, so as to ensure that all administrative law enforcement acts are well documented. Except as otherwise provided by laws, regulations and rules.

  Thirty-third administrative law enforcement organs shall establish and improve the management system of administrative law enforcement audio-visual records, and clarify the requirements of equipment, use norms, recording elements, storage and application, supervision and management of administrative law enforcement audio-visual records.

  Article 34
The use of audio-visual recording, administrative law enforcement personnel or recording personnel shall, within 24 hours after the completion of audio-visual recording, store the recorded information to the designated administrative law enforcement information system or special memory, and shall not keep it by themselves.

  Continuous work, law enforcement in different places, or law enforcement in remote and inaccessible areas, and it is really impossible to store relevant record information in time, it shall be stored within 24 hours after returning to the unit.

  Article 35
Audio-visual records used as evidence of administrative law enforcement shall be made into CD-ROM with text description, indicating the information such as production method, producer, production time and object of proof, attached to the volume or filed.

  Article 36
The administrative law enforcement organ shall establish and improve the supervision system for the access to the records of the whole process of administrative law enforcement, so that it can be accessed in real time, and strengthen supervision to ensure that the written records and audio-visual records of administrative law enforcement are standardized, legal and effective.

  The parties or interested parties may apply for access to the relevant information of administrative law enforcement files, except those that should be kept confidential or not made public according to law.

  Chapter VII Supervision and Inspection

  Thirty-seventh people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the leadership of the whole process of administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative areas, and incorporate their implementation into the important content of the assessment of the construction of a government ruled by law.

  The judicial administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level and the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level shall guide, supervise and inspect the record of the whole process of administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative areas and systems, and report the results of supervision and inspection through appropriate means.

  Thirty-eighth administrative law enforcement organs and their administrative law enforcement personnel and other relevant personnel in any of the following circumstances, resulting in serious consequences, should be investigated for responsibility according to discipline and law:

  (a) without justifiable reasons, not to record the whole process of administrative law enforcement or not in accordance with the provisions;

  (two) unauthorized destruction, deletion, tampering with administrative law enforcement records;

  (three) not according to the provisions of storage or custody, resulting in damage or loss of administrative law enforcement records;

  (four) in violation of the provisions of unauthorized disclosure of administrative law enforcement records;

  (five) in violation of other provisions of these measures.

  Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

  Thirty-ninth organizations entrusted with the responsibility of administrative law enforcement according to law to carry out the whole process of administrative law enforcement record activities, the application of this approach.

  Fortieth these Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

  Measures of Hunan Province for Legal Audit of Major Administrative Law Enforcement Decisions

  the first
In order to standardize and supervise major administrative law enforcement actions, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, these measures are formulated in accordance with the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Administrative Compulsory Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Implementing the System of Publicity of Administrative Law Enforcement, the System of Recording the Whole Process of Law Enforcement, and the Legal Review System of Major Law Enforcement Decisions (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.118) and the Provisions on Administrative Procedures of Hunan Province, combined with the actual situation of this province.

  the second
The term "administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the administrative acts of administrative organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations (hereinafter referred to as administrative law enforcement organs) that affect the rights and obligations of citizens, legal persons and other organizations by implementing administrative licensing, administrative punishment, administrative coercion, administrative expropriation, administrative inspection and administrative confirmation according to law.

  Article
The term "legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities of the administrative law enforcement organs to review the legality and appropriateness of major administrative law enforcement decisions by the institutions responsible for legal review before making major administrative law enforcement decisions.

  Article 4
Involving major public interests, may cause significant social impact or lead to social risks, directly related to the major rights and interests of the administrative counterpart or the third party, and the following major administrative law enforcement decisions with complex circumstances and involving multiple legal relationships, the administrative law enforcement organ shall conduct legal review before making a decision, and shall not make a decision without legal review or failure of the review:

  (1) Administrative compulsory decision. In case of emergency, it is necessary to implement administrative compulsory measures on the spot or immediately implement administrative compulsory execution;

  (two) the administrative expropriation decision;

  (3) Decisions on administrative punishment, administrative license, etc. that should be heard according to law or that need to be heard by administrative law enforcement organs;

  (four) according to the results of spot check, inspection, inspection, quarantine and appraisal, and according to the examination results, assessment results and other legal conditions to make administrative punishment, administrative licensing and other decisions;

  (5) An administrative confirmation decision that has a significant impact on the production, operation and life of the administrative counterpart or directly affects the significant rights and interests of a third party;

  (six) other major administrative law enforcement decisions that should be audited according to laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 5 The administrative law enforcement organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of these Measures, make a list of the legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions of the organ, announce it to the public, and report it to the judicial administrative department of the people’s government at the same level for the record.

  The administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level shall strengthen the guidance for the lower administrative law enforcement organs to compile the legal review catalogue of major administrative law enforcement decisions, and clarify the legal review standards for major administrative law enforcement decisions.

  Article 6
The administrative law enforcement organ shall make it clear that the organ specifically responsible for the legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions (hereinafter referred to as the legal review organ) is equipped with personnel commensurate with the legal review task. In principle, the legal review personnel of administrative law enforcement organs at all levels shall be equipped with not less than 5% of the total number of law enforcement personnel of the unit and not less than 2 people.

  The administrative law enforcement organs may employ legal advisers and public lawyers to participate in the legal audit according to the needs of their work.

  Article 7
The administrative law enforcement agencies specifically responsible for law enforcement matters (hereinafter referred to as law enforcement agencies) shall, after the investigation of major administrative law enforcement actions is completed, put forward preliminary handling opinions, submit them to the legal audit institutions for review, and provide the following materials:

  (1) Approval form for filing a case or starting a procedure, acceptance certificate, etc.;

  (two) the measures taken for examination, verification or investigation and evidence collection and the relevant administrative law enforcement documents, which inform the parties and interested parties of their rights to make statements and defend themselves;

  (3) Collecting documentary evidence, material evidence, audio-visual materials, statements of the parties, witness testimony, on-site transcripts, transcripts of inspection and other evidence materials;

  (four) after hearing, expert argumentation or review and evaluation, it is necessary to provide materials for hearing, argumentation or review and evaluation;

  (five) the administrative law enforcement decision to be made;

  (6) Other relevant materials.

  If the materials submitted by the law enforcement contractor are incomplete and do not meet the requirements, the legal audit institution may require the law enforcement contractor to supplement them within a specified time; After the supplement still does not meet the requirements, the legal audit institution may not audit and return the relevant materials.

  Article 8 The contents of the legal audit of major administrative law enforcement decisions by legal audit institutions include:

  (a) whether the subject of administrative law enforcement is legal, whether it exceeds the statutory authority, and whether the administrative law enforcement personnel are qualified for law enforcement;

  (two) whether the administrative law enforcement procedure is legal;

  (3) Whether the facts are clear and whether the evidence is legal and sufficient;

  (four) whether the applicable laws, regulations and rules are accurate;

  (five) whether to explain the reasons or whether the reasons are sufficient;

  (six) whether the administrative law enforcement documents are complete and standardized;

  (seven) whether the illegal act is suspected of a crime and needs to be transferred to judicial organs;

  (eight) other contents related to the legality and appropriateness of major administrative law enforcement decisions.

  Ninth legal audit institutions after the completion of the audit, it should be based on different situations, put forward the corresponding written audit opinions:

  (a) the subject of administrative law enforcement is legal, the administrative law enforcement personnel are qualified for law enforcement, the facts are clear, the evidence is sufficient, the legal basis is correct, the reasons are sufficient, the procedures are legal, and the proposed handling opinions are appropriate, and the opinions of agreeing to make the administrative law enforcement decision are put forward;

  (two) the subject of administrative law enforcement is illegal, law enforcement personnel do not have the qualification for law enforcement, and put forward opinions on not making administrative law enforcement decisions; Beyond the jurisdiction of the administrative law enforcement organs, put forward opinions on not making administrative law enforcement decisions and transferring them to the competent organs according to law;

  (three) if the facts are unclear and the evidence is insufficient, put forward opinions on supplementary investigation or evidence; After further supplementary evidence, the facts are still unclear, and the opinions of not making administrative law enforcement decisions are put forward;

  (four) in violation of legal procedures, and can not be corrected, put forward opinions on not making administrative law enforcement decisions; If there are minor flaws or omissions in the procedure, and the legitimate rights and interests of the parties are not infringed, put forward suggestions for correction;

  (five) the reasons are not explained or the reasons are not sufficient, and the suggestions for correction are put forward;

  (six) the administrative law enforcement documents are not standardized and incomplete, and put forward suggestions for correction;

  (seven) if the illegal act is suspected of a crime, put forward the opinions of making administrative law enforcement decisions and transferring them to judicial organs according to law.

  Tenth legal audit institutions shall complete the legal audit of major administrative law enforcement decisions within 7 working days after receiving the submitted materials. If the case is complicated, it may be extended for 3 working days with the approval of the person in charge of the administrative law enforcement organ.

  The audit period specified in the preceding paragraph shall be counted from the day after the legal audit institution receives the complete submission materials, and the period of supplementary materials shall not be counted.

  Eleventh law enforcement agencies should study the audit opinions of the existing problems put forward by the legal audit institutions, and then submit them to the legal audit again after making corresponding treatment.

  Twelfth major administrative law enforcement decisions that should be submitted to the heads of administrative law enforcement organs for collective discussion and decision according to law. If the legal review fails, it shall not be submitted for collective discussion.

  Article 13
The judicial administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level and the administrative law enforcement organ at a higher level shall guide, supervise and inspect the legal review of the implementation of major administrative law enforcement decisions in their respective administrative areas and systems, and report the results of supervision and inspection through appropriate means.

  Article 14
Administrative law enforcement organs in the process of implementing major administrative law enforcement acts, due to the administrative law enforcement personnel, legal auditors and the person in charge of administrative law enforcement organs intentionally or grossly negligent, under any of the following circumstances, resulting in illegal administrative law enforcement acts and harmful consequences, it shall be investigated for responsibility according to law and discipline:

  (a) without legal review or audit failed to make a major administrative law enforcement decision;

  (two) due to the reasons of law enforcement agencies and their administrative law enforcement personnel, the facts, evidence, legal application and procedures of administrative law enforcement are seriously illegal, or the materials submitted for legal review are untrue, inaccurate and incomplete;

  (three) the legal audit institutions and their legal auditors do not put forward legal audit opinions according to the provisions or the legal audit opinions put forward are seriously wrong;

  (four) there are other illegal acts.

  Fifteenth major administrative law enforcement decisions made by the people’s governments at or above the county level according to laws, regulations and rules shall be audited by the judicial administrative department of the people’s governments at or above the county level according to the provisions of these measures.

  Article 16 These Measures shall apply to the legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions by organizations entrusted with administrative law enforcement duties according to law.

  Article 17 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

How to stop the "two high" projects from going against the wind? Detailed explanation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

  On September 6th, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced the typical cases of the fourth batch of central eco-environmental protection inspectors in the second round, pointing out that in some places, there are some problems such as coal substitution fraud and illegal construction of "high energy consumption" and "high emission" projects. Previously, in the first three batches of feedback from the central eco-environmental protection inspectors in the second round, there were also "two high" projects launched in some places in violation of laws and regulations.

  The blind development of "two high" projects not only affects the improvement of regional environmental quality, but also seriously affects the realization of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. When the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the 21st meeting of the Central Committee for Deep Reform, he stressed that the "two high" projects should be strictly controlled, the resource conservation and efficient utilization should be promoted, and new green and low-carbon kinetic energy should be cultivated.

  Why do some areas want to launch the "two high" projects against the wind? How to contain and control? How to rectify? The reporter interviewed Yan Gang, vice president of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

  Resolutely curbing the blind development of the "two high" projects is an important measure to implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively.

  Reporter: What are the main projects of "high energy consumption" and "high emission" and what harm will they cause to the ecological environment?

  Yan Gang: "High energy consumption" and "high emission" projects, also known as "two high" projects, involve many industries and cover a wide range. Specifically, the "two high" projects generally refer to projects in coal-fired power, petrochemical, chemical, steel, non-ferrous smelting, building materials and other industries. These industries are all key industries that emit pollutants and carbon dioxide. It is estimated that they account for more than 70% of the national carbon dioxide emissions and about 50% of the major air pollutants.

  At present, there are some problems in some "two high" projects, such as incomplete procedures, capacity replacement of "one woman marries more", false coal replacement, ineffective implementation of approval requirements, and inadequate energy-saving review. Because of its high energy consumption and high emission, the blind development of the "two high" projects will lead to excessive consumption of resources and energy, environmental pollution and carbon emission problems, which will put great pressure on the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality and pollution reduction and carbon reduction. If the blind launching of the "two high" projects is not effectively curbed, it will not only increase China’s carbon emission level, increase the pressure of pollution control and ecological protection and restoration, but also have obvious high-carbon lock-in, which may lead to the risk of "shelving assets" and investment and financing, aggravate the contradiction between economic development and ecological environmental protection, and seriously affect the construction of beautiful China and the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral goal.

  Reporter: From the perspective of optimizing and adjusting the industrial structure and promoting economic and social development, what is the practical significance of curbing the "two high" projects?

  Yan Gang: The CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to resolutely curbing the blind development of the "two high" projects. The 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035 put forward that it is necessary to resolutely curb the blind development of the "two high" projects and promote the green transformation to achieve positive development. When presiding over the 29th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Projects with high energy consumption and high emissions that do not meet the requirements must be resolutely taken down." From the perspective of optimizing the industrial structure and promoting economic and social development, resolutely curbing the blind development of the "two high" projects is an important measure to implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, which provides an important starting point for deepening the supply-side structural reform in the new development stage and brings important opportunities for changing the mode and adjusting the structure.

  It is conducive to promoting the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of industries. In the process of curbing the blind development of "two high" projects, by strictly controlling the increment of "two high" projects and optimizing the stock, we can fundamentally solve the problems of low overall local industrial level, biased structure, unreasonable layout and low-level redundant construction, and force backward production capacity to be eliminated, transform and upgrade the green level of traditional industries, and promote the development of "two high" industries in the direction of green, environmental protection, low carbon and recycling.

  Make room for the development of strategic emerging industries and accelerate the transformation of old and new kinetic energy in economic development. Curbing the blind development of "two high" projects, making more room for the development of strategic emerging industries such as digital economy and high-tech industries, and creating more opportunities for the development of green low-carbon products and green environmental protection equipment will help accelerate the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, promote the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, and promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.

  Reduce pollutants and carbon emissions from the source and promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Curbing the blind development of the "two high" projects has cut off the sources of "three wastes" and carbon emissions from the source, reduced the pressure of environmental pollution terminal treatment and carbon emission reduction, and opened up the key blocking points for optimizing the front-end industrial structure to promote pollution reduction and carbon reduction, which is helpful to accurately and efficiently promote the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality and the realization of "double carbon" goals.

  Lack of subjective understanding, lack of control action and the fact that the concept of development has not been fundamentally changed are the main reasons for launching the "two high" projects against the wind in some areas.

  Reporter: According to the person in charge of the relevant departments of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, at the beginning of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, projects with high energy consumption and high emissions were launched in some areas. Why do some areas want to launch the "two high" projects against the wind?

  Yan Gang: The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for China to transform its development mode, optimize its economic structure and transform its growth momentum, and it is also a critical period and window period for realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. Under the situation that the state resolutely curbs the development of the "two high" projects, some areas are still launching the "two high" projects against the wind. The reasons can be summarized as three aspects:

  Insufficient subjective understanding. Some localities and leading cadres have not fully understood the great significance of promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions and accelerating the overall green transformation of economic and social development with pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the bull’s nose, and they are not ready for green and low-carbon development subjectively. Some places even regard peak carbon dioxide emissions as a "carbon charge" and "climbing the peak", and think that 2030 is a "window period" to improve the use of fossil energy. They fail to clearly understand the pressure brought by the local high-level peak carbon dioxide emissions on carbon neutrality, which leads to the ideological misunderstanding that peak carbon dioxide emissions can seize some high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects before 2030 and continue to greatly increase the use of fossil energy.

  Weak control action. In some places, the authority for examination and approval of the "two high" projects has been decentralized and released, and there is a serious shortage of supervision after the event. At the same time, the top-level design scheme of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions has not been formally promulgated, and a clear timetable, road map and construction drawing for promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions have not been formed, and an effective incentive and restraint and assessment mechanism has not been established, which makes some areas lack clear requirements, resulting in weak action to curb the "two high" projects and the absence of government supervision.

  The concept of development has not been fundamentally changed. In some areas, the concept of one-sided pursuit of GDP growth and GDP-led development has not been fundamentally changed, especially due to the downward pressure of the economy and the COVID-19 epidemic, there has been a swing in promoting green development. In the choice of development mode, it is easy to be influenced by the dependence of traditional development path, and it adheres to the extensive development mode of high investment and high consumption at the expense of resources and environment in the past.

  If the local government fails to implement the prevention and control measures of the "two high" projects and the problems are outstanding, it will implement regional approval restrictions and be included in the central ecological environmental protection inspector.

  Reporter: how to control the "two highs" project from the source, and where is the focus of control?

  Yan Gang: Source prevention and control is the fundamental solution to curb the blind development of the "two high" projects. On May 31st, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Eco-environmental Sources of Construction Projects with High Energy Consumption and High Emission, which defined the requirements of eco-environmental management in macro, meso and project levels, and guided the transformation and development of "two high" projects in low-carbon life. Specifically:

  At the macro level, strengthen the control and restraint of ecological environment zoning, accelerate the application of the achievements of "three lines and one order" (red line of ecological protection, bottom line of environmental quality, online utilization of resources and access list of ecological environment) in the industrial layout and structural adjustment of "two high" industries and the site selection of major projects, and give full play to the role of "three lines and one order" in leading the rational layout and orderly development of "two high" projects. More stringent measures should be taken to strictly control the development of "two high" projects in areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas where "two high" projects are intensive and the task of improving ambient air quality is arduous.

  At the meso level, strengthen the effectiveness of planning environmental impact assessment, and strictly review the comprehensive planning, special planning such as industry and energy, and industrial park planning involving "two high" industries. The environmental impact assessment of park planning with "two high" industries as the leading industries should increase the analysis of carbon emissions and emission reduction potential, and promote the green and low-carbon development of the park. Promote coal-fired energy bases, modern coal chemical demonstration zones, petrochemical industrial bases, etc. to carry out planning environmental impact tracking assessment, improve ecological environmental protection measures and optimize and adjust plans in a timely manner.

  At the project level, it is necessary to strictly examine and approve the environmental impact assessment of the "two high" projects, improve the level of clean production and pollution prevention, and promote the coordinated control of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Strictly control the environmental access of the newly renovated and expanded "two high" projects, strictly implement industrial policies, and strictly and strictly control the "two high" projects. It is necessary to strictly implement policies such as industrial planning, capacity substitution of "two high" projects, pollutant reduction and substitution, and coal consumption reduction and substitution. Improve the requirements of clean production and low-carbon development of the "two high" projects, incorporate carbon emission impact assessment into the environmental impact assessment system, control carbon emissions from industrial sources, and promote the micro-level strengthening of pollution reduction and carbon reduction source control and whole process management.

  Reporter: How to rectify the completed "two high" projects that do not meet the requirements?

  Yan Gang: The completed "two high" projects that do not meet the requirements must be resolutely rectified, and classified disposal and dynamic monitoring should be carried out according to specific conditions. For the "two high" projects that do not implement the requirements of environmental assessment and energy rating, they should be ordered to rectify immediately. Those who cause serious environmental pollution or ecological damage shall be ordered to stop production or use according to law, or reported to the people’s government with the right to approve and ordered to close down. The examination and approval and supervision department staff do not perform their duties according to law, lax, shall be punished according to law; For the "two high" projects that do not strictly implement the requirements of capacity replacement, coal consumption reduction replacement and regional pollutant reduction replacement, the accountability will be strengthened, and the construction unit and related responsible persons will be blacklisted in the industry and exposed to the public. If the local government fails to implement the prevention and control measures of the "two high" projects and the problems are outstanding, it will implement regional approval restrictions and be included in the central ecological environmental protection inspector.

  Establish a system and supervision system that strictly guards against the source, strictly controls the process and severely punishes the consequences, and carry out the normal supervision of the "two high" projects.

  Reporter: How to carry out normalized supervision and build an effective system and supervision system?

  Yan Gang: To build a system and supervision system that strictly guards against the source, strictly controls the process and severely punishes the consequences, and to carry out the normal supervision of the "two high" projects, we need to do the following work well:

  Establish a unified management ledger. Normalization supervision of the "two high" projects involves many departments, such as development and reform, ecological environment and industrial information. On the basis of the dynamic management list of each department, a unified management ledger can be promoted to record basic information such as project name, construction site, industry, construction status, energy-saving review and environmental impact assessment approval. In case of capacity replacement, information such as replacement equipment and capacity should also be recorded.

  Strengthen supervision and inspection. Including strictly carrying out energy-saving review, establishing the working mechanism of environmental assessment and sewage permit supervision and inspection of "two high" projects, strengthening law enforcement supervision based on sewage permit, and bringing "two high" enterprises into "double random and one open" daily law enforcement supervision.

  Strict accountability. It is necessary to establish working mechanisms such as informed criticism, early warning of energy use, and accountability for interviews, and strictly investigate and deal with areas where work is not carried out effectively and access to the "two high" projects is not strict. Incorporate the development of the "two high" projects into the scope of the central ecological environmental protection inspector, and compact the local government to implement the main responsibility of curbing the blind development of the "two high" projects, dual control of energy consumption and pollution control.

  Improve the incentive policy. We will improve fiscal, taxation, price, finance, land and government procurement policies that are conducive to green and low-carbon development, establish different types of total carbon emission control systems, and promote the construction of the national carbon market. Strictly implement the differential electricity price policy, and implement the punitive electricity price policy for the "two high" industries whose energy consumption and pollutant discharge exceed the quota requirements.

  Take the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the general starting point to promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in the four major fields of industry, electricity, transportation and construction.

  Reporter: While curbing the development of the "two high" projects, how should we carry out energy conservation and carbon reduction to ensure that peak carbon dioxide emissions will be carbon neutral by 2030 and 2060 as scheduled?

  Yan Gang: China’s efforts to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee after careful consideration, which provides direction for accelerating the development of green, low-carbon and high-quality in China, and also puts forward new requirements for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality is a broad and profound economic and social change, which requires the joint efforts of all localities, fields and industries. It is necessary to take the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the general starting point to promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and make an integrated plan, deployment, promotion and assessment. Since last year, our institute, together with 14 industry associations and scientific research institutions, has carried out carbon emission modeling, scenario analysis and peak path research in six key industries, such as electric power, steel, cement, aluminum smelting, petrochemical and chemical industry, and coal chemical industry, and in two major fields, such as transportation and construction, and put forward a national carbon emission peak road map based on key industries and fields. According to the research results, while curbing the development of the "two high" projects, we should also take the overall green and low-carbon transformation of production and lifestyle as the direction, and vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in the four major fields of industry, electricity, transportation and construction.

  The industrial sector has long been the largest field of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in China, and it is the key to affect the carbon neutrality of peak carbon dioxide emissions as a whole. While strictly controlling the blind growth of "two high" production capacity, we should focus on the adjustment of industrial structure and the improvement of resource and energy utilization efficiency, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial production methods, vigorously promote industrial energy conservation and consumption reduction, and build a low-carbon circular industrial system.

  Electric power is the largest carbon emission industry in China, and it is also the main body of China’s energy consumption increment in the next 10 years. It is necessary to vigorously promote the development of non-fossil energy, comprehensively speed up the layout of wind and light power sources, and build a new power system with new energy as the main body.

  In the transportation field, we should vigorously improve the development speed of new energy vehicles and continuously reduce the carbon emission intensity of newly produced fuel vehicles; Continue to promote the structural adjustment of bulk cargo transportation and accelerate the formation of a pattern of medium and long-distance transportation mainly by rail and water; Promote green and low-carbon travel and form a green and low-carbon transportation mode.

  In the construction field, it is necessary to adhere to the improvement of energy efficiency and the optimization of energy consumption structure. By reasonably controlling the building scale, vigorously promoting clean heating in the northern region, improving the energy-saving standards of new buildings, popularizing ultra-low energy-consuming buildings, intensifying the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and actively promoting the application of renewable energy in the construction field, carbon emissions in the construction field are controlled by various measures.

  Our reporter Wu Jing

China Automobile Industry 2018-Report on Annual Output and Sales Data of Domestic Automobile

In 2018, the overall operation of the automobile industry was stable. Due to the influence of policy factors and macroeconomics, the production and sales of automobiles were lower than expected at the beginning of the year. The annual production and sales of automobiles in China were 27.808 million and 28.081 million respectively. Although it is lower than the expected production and sales volume, it still ranks first in the world for ten consecutive years, and new energy vehicles continue to maintain high-speed and steady growth, with rapid export growth. The details are as follows:

(A) car production is lower than expected.

In 2018, China’s automobile industry is under great pressure, and the growth rate of major economic benefit indicators of the automobile industry has slowed down and the growth rate has declined. The reasons can be divided into: on the one hand, the impact of the comprehensive withdrawal of preferential purchase tax policies; On the other hand, it is still under great pressure in the short term due to the decline of macroeconomic growth, Sino-US trade war and consumer confidence. However, at present, China’s automobile industry is still in the popularization period, and there is still much room for growth, and the automobile industry has entered an important stage of brand-oriented and high-quality development.

In 2018, the production and sales of automobiles were 27.809 million and 28.081 million respectively, and the production and sales decreased by 4.2% and 2.8% respectively over the same period of last year. In the first half of the year, except February, sales in other months were higher than the same period of last year. In the second half of the year, the automobile market experienced continuous negative growth, and the annual growth rate dropped to 2.8%. The cumulative growth rate continued to decline in the second half of the year, and the overall pressure was greater.

(2) The production and sales of passenger cars are lower than the industry as a whole.

In 2018, the production and sales of passenger cars were 23.529 million and 23.71 million, respectively, down by 5.2% and 4.1% compared with the same period of last year, accounting for 84.6% and 84.4% of automobile production and sales, respectively, down by 0.9 and 1.2 percentage points from the previous year. Compared with the same period of last year, the growth rate in the first half of the year was significantly higher than that in the second half.

According to the production and sales situation of four types of passenger cars, all four types of passenger cars have negative growth, and the cross-market continues to shrink. Among them: the production and sales of cars decreased by 4% and 2.7% respectively over the same period of last year; The production and sales of SUV decreased by 3.2% and 2.5% respectively compared with the same period of last year; The production and sales of MPV decreased to 17.9% and 16.2% respectively over the same period of last year; The production and sales of cross-type passenger cars decreased by 20.8% and 17.3% respectively over the same period of last year.

(3) The production and sales of commercial vehicles increased year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped.

In 2018, the production and sales of commercial vehicles continued to increase year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped significantly. Driven by the growth of the truck market, the sales volume of commercial vehicles reached a record high. The production and sales of commercial vehicles reached 4.28 million and 4.371 million respectively, up by 1.7% and 5.1% respectively over the same period of last year, and the growth rate dropped by 12.1 percentage points and 8.9 percentage points respectively. Except for February, September and October, the monthly sales of commercial vehicles were higher than the same period of last year.

In terms of vehicle production and sales, the production and sales of passenger cars were 489,000 and 485,000 respectively, down by 7% and 8% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of trucks reached 3.791 million and 3.886 million respectively, up by 2.9% and 6.9% respectively over the same period of last year, among which the production and sales of heavy trucks reached 1.112 million and 1.148 million respectively, and the sales reached a record high. The production and sales of semi-trailer tractors decreased by 19.6% and 17.2% respectively over the same period of last year.

(4) New energy vehicles grew at a high speed year-on-year.

In 2018, the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 1.27 million and 1.256 million respectively, up by 59.9% and 61.7% respectively over the same period of last year. Among them, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles were 986,000 and 984,000 respectively, up by 47.9% and 50.8% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 283,000 and 271,000 respectively, up by 122% and 118% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of fuel cell vehicles all completed 1527 vehicles.

In terms of new energy classification, the production and sales of pure electric passenger cars were 792,000 and 788,000 respectively, up by 65.5% and 68.4% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of plug-in hybrid passenger cars were 278,000 and 265,000 respectively, up by 143.3% and 139.6% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of pure electric commercial vehicles were 194,000 and 196,000 respectively, with production and sales increasing by 3% and 6.3% respectively over the same period of last year. The production and sales of plug-in hybrid commercial vehicles were all 0.6 million, down 58% from the same period of last year.

(V) The market share of China brand passenger cars decreased year-on-year.

In 2018, China brand passenger cars sold a total of 9.98 million vehicles, down 8% year-on-year, accounting for 42.1% of the total passenger car sales, down 1.8 percentage points from the same period of last year; Among them: China brand cars sold 2.399 million vehicles, up 1.9% year-on-year, accounting for 20.8% of the total car sales, up 0.9 percentage points over the same period of last year; China brand SUV sold 5.8 million vehicles, down 6.7% year-on-year, accounting for 58% of the total SUV sales, down 2.6 percentage points over the same period of last year; China brand MPV sold 1.328 million vehicles, down 23.1% year-on-year, accounting for 76.6% of the total MPV sales, down 6.9 percentage points over the same period of last year.

(VI) The year-on-year decline of the top ten enterprises.

In 2018, the sales volume of the top ten enterprise groups in automobile sales totaled 25.036 million units, down 2.1% from the same period of last year, which was lower than the industry. It accounted for 89.2% of the total automobile sales, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the same period of last year.

(VII) Automobile exports grew rapidly year-on-year.

In 2018, automobile exports reached 1.041 million, up 16.8% over the same period of last year, and continued to show a rapid growth trend, with the growth rate slowing down compared with the previous year. Among them, 758,000 passenger cars were exported, an increase of 18.5% over the same period of last year; The number of commercial vehicles exported was 283,000, up by 12.5% over the same period of last year. Except for the fourth quarter, the monthly export volume of automobiles was higher than that of the previous year.

(Source: Industry Information Department of China Automobile Association)

How to synchronize soda music with Tik Tok songs? How to synchronize soda music with Tik Tok songs [Tutorial sharing]

  How to use the method of synchronizing Tik Tok songs in Soda Music correctly? This is what many users are asking. This software is fully functional and well used, which can play a great role in work and life. Many users are looking for tutorials. Let’s teach you. On this website, there are many tutorials on the use of this software, basic problem solving methods and detailed tutorials to help you learn and master the skills quickly. All kinds of common problems in the use of software, I believe this site can help you solve them well.

  1. First of all, we need to collect songs in Tik Tok.

  2. Then log in to the soda music app with Tik Tok account, so that you can see your songs collected in Tik Tok in the personal center.

  In the player interface of Soda Music, the layout is similar to that of the music player in Tik Tok App.

  Users can slide up and down to select songs recommended by the system. In addition, users can collect, forward and comment on the songs.

  Finally, of course, there may be more than one method of synchronizing Tik Tok songs wITh Soda Music. If there are others, you can try it and find the one that suits you.

Fertility assessment helps women better understand their fertility potential.

Authors: Deputy Chief Physician Zhu Xiaodan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

At present, the global fertility problems are increasing day by day, and the overall fertility of women is on the decline. Women are facing various pressures in modern society, including occupational pressure, family pressure, social expectations, and the unhealthy lifestyle that follows, which makes the fertility of contemporary women decline more and more "younger". At present, the incidence of infertility is as high as 10%~18%. In 2023, the birth rate in China was as low as 6.4‰.

National birth rate

In the reproductive endocrinology clinic, patients often ask: How is my fertility? Can you still be born? Faced with such a question, today, let’s talk about this topic.

As we all know, to complete a successful pregnancy, women need the cooperation of the whole reproductive system and all organs of the whole body. Therefore, the evaluation of female fertility is divided into three parts: the first part is the evaluation of ovarian reserve function, the second part is the evaluation of the structure and function of uterus and fallopian tube, and the third part is the evaluation of general state.

First, the ovarian reserve function

The ovarian reserve function of women refers to the quantity and quality of eggs, that is, the "inventory" of follicles with growth and development functions. The number of follicles in women has been determined at birth and is non-renewable. With the increase of age and the progress of menstrual cycle, the number of eggs gradually decreases. So how do we evaluate how much "inventory" there is in the ovaries?

1. Age

Age is the primary factor to evaluate fertility, and the best reproductive age for women is 23~32 years old. With the increase of age, fertility gradually decreases, pregnancy rate and live birth rate decrease, and abortion rate increases. With the increase of age, ovarian function declines irreversibly, and the number of follicles and the quality of eggs decrease. Age-related abnormal vascularization, oxidative stress and free radical imbalance in the ovary will lead to the decline of oocyte quality, which will lead to fertilization failure or abnormal embryo development.

The picture comes from the Internet.

2. Basic follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH)

BFSH is the level of serum FSH on the second to fourth day of menstruation, and it is one of the indexes to evaluate ovarian reserve function. The main reasons for the increase of bFSH level are the aging, the decline of ovarian function, the decrease of E2 secretion, the weakening of negative feedback on hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, and the subsequent increase of FSH. When the serum level of bFSH is higher than 10u/L, the ovarian reserve function is decreased, and when the serum level of bFSH is higher than 18u/L, the live birth rate is almost zero.

3. Basic estradiol (bE2)

BE2 refers to the level of serum E2 on the 2nd to 4th day of menstrual cycle, which can be used as an index to evaluate ovarian reserve function. When the bE2 value is more than 74.9 pg/ml (274.134 pmol/L), the ovarian function is decreased or the pregnancy outcome is poor when in vitro fertilization (IVF) is performed, and the number of embryos obtained is small.

4. FSH/LH (follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone) ratio

FSH/LH ratio can be used as an index to reflect ovarian function, and can also be used as a sign of ovarian response to gonadotropin to predict pregnancy outcome. When FSH/LH > 2, it is suggested that the ovary may have a bad reaction to gonadotropin in assisted reproductive technology. When FSH/LH > 3.6, the ovarian function is obviously decreased, and the cancellation rate of IVF ovulation cycle is high.

5. Anti-Miller hormone (AMH)

AMH is mainly produced by primary follicles, preantral follicles, sinus follicles, etc. It regulates the growth and development of follicles and is not regulated by hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. As a reliable index of ovarian reserve function, it can be detected on any day of menstrual cycle. Serum AMH concentration was negatively correlated with age. AMH value reaches its peak in adulthood (about 25 years old), generally drops significantly after 36 years old, and approaches zero when approaching menopause.

6. Inhibin B(INH-B)

INH-B appears from the pre-antral follicular phase and is regulated by FSH. INH-B level, as a direct index to predict ovarian reserve function, reflects ovarian reserve. On the third day of menstruation, the blood INH-B < 45 ng/L indicates that ovarian function is decreased.

7. Sinus follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume

AFC, ovarian volume and ovarian interstitial blood flow parameters can be used as evaluation indexes of ovarian reserve function and responsiveness. AFC is significantly correlated with age and basic hormones. With age, the number of follicles decreases exponentially. Ovarian volume can reflect the number of follicles and the situation of ovarian reserve pool from another angle. With the increase of age, ovarian function declines and ovarian volume shrinks. The most commonly used parameters of ovarian stromal blood flow are the peak velocity of ovarian stromal blood flow (PSV) and resistance index (RI). High PSV and/or low RI indicate that the ovarian interstitial blood supply is abundant and the ovary responds well to gonadotropin.

Second, the evaluation of the structure and function of reproductive tract

Because of the special anatomical structure and physiological function of female reproductive tract, the evaluation of reproductive tract structure and function is also an important link in fertility evaluation, including vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube and pelvic cavity.

1. Detection of vaginal microecology

Female reproductive tract flora is closely related to every step of ovulation, sperm transport, fertilized egg implantation, pregnancy and delivery. Reproductive tract infection of women of childbearing age affects their reproductive health, damages their reproductive function and increases the risk of infertility.

2. Detection of cervical lesions

Cervical diseases tend to be younger, which are closely related to fertility and pregnancy outcome. Regular gynecological physical examination, cervical liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening should be conducted to detect cervical diseases as soon as possible.

3. Detection of uterine abnormalities

Non-invasive ultrasound, such as hysteromyoma and endometrial polyp, is the most widely used examination method to evaluate the receptivity of uterus and endometrium, and to evaluate the shape, thickness, volume, peristalsis wave, uterine artery and hemodynamic parameters of endometrium. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometrial lesions, which can accurately identify cervical lesions, intrauterine lesions, abnormal endometrial morphology and abnormal tubal opening through endoscopy. Endometrial biopsy can also be performed. At present, there are cytokines, various receptors, endometrial receptivity chips and other detection methods to evaluate endometrial receptivity, and the research on endometrial receptivity is constantly expanding.

4. Tubal patency test

Including salpingostomy, hysterosalpingography/contrast-enhanced ultrasound and laparoscopic salpingostomy. At present, hysterosalpingography has become a research hotspot with its unique advantages (real-time dynamic, visualization and no radiation), and has gradually become the first choice for tubal patency examination. Liquid drainage has some shortcomings, such as invisibility, blindness and great difference. X-ray radiography, as a traditional method of tubal patency examination, mainly has the disadvantages of adverse reaction of contrast agent and radiation damage. Laparoscopic salpingostomy is the "gold standard", but it is not the first choice for the time being because of invasion, hospitalization, high cost, surgery and anesthesia.

The picture comes from the Internet.

5. Detection of pelvic factors

Pelvic diseases are closely related to female fertility, such as pelvic endometriosis, pelvic tuberculosis, pelvic adhesion, tubal diseases, hysteromyoma, ovarian tumors and pelvic inflammatory diseases. Laparoscopic surgery can find and diagnose abnormal pelvic conditions in time. For infertility caused by fallopian tube factors or uterine cavity factors, hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy can treat pelvic cavity, fallopian tube and uterine cavity diseases accordingly, which has important clinical value for female fertility evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.

6. Female reproductive tract dysplasia

Abnormal development of female reproductive tract includes abnormal development of vagina, cervix, uterine body and fallopian tube, with or without abnormalities of ovary and urinary system. The combination of pelvic ultrasound and MRI examination is the best examination method for reproductive tract dysplasia.

Third, the general state assessment

In terms of systemic diseases, we should evaluate whether there are diseases that affect fertility or are not suitable for fertility, such as thyroid diseases, familial genetic diseases, blood system diseases, cardiopulmonary diseases and tumors.

1. Thyroid diseases

Abnormal thyroid function can lead to infertility and poor pregnancy outcome, so it is suggested that women with family planning should monitor thyroid function. Clinical hyperthyroidism can lead to abortion, premature delivery and thyroid crisis, and timely treatment can significantly reduce these risks; Infertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine (LT4).

2. Hereditary diseases

According to the etiology, it can be divided into monogenic diseases, polygenic diseases, chromosomal diseases, mitochondrial genetic diseases and somatic genetic diseases, which have the characteristics of congenital, lifelong and familial. It is suggested that couples with rare diseases or couples who have given birth to rare diseases should have genetic testing and genetic counseling, reproductive risk assessment and guide reproductive decisions. The genetic diagnosis (PGD) before embryo implantation was provided after the pathogenic gene locus and genetic mode of the family were clarified.

3. Other general conditions

Nutritional status is a very important factor in regulating reproductive process, which is closely related to female reproductive function. For example, obesity and malnutrition have adverse effects on internal environment, egg quality and embryo development. In addition, mental state, living environment and systemic factors also need comprehensive consideration. Whether a woman’s whole system can withstand pregnancy is also the concern of fertility evaluation, including whether she is complicated with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and tumor.

4. Who needs fertility assessment?

1. Couples who have been pregnant for more than 1 year without pregnancy;

2. People who have had many bad pregnancies in the past;

3. People who have had multiple abortions or ectopic pregnancy in the past;

4. Women of childbearing age with less menstrual flow, irregular menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea;

5. Obese or thin people (BMI>24 or BMI<18.5);

6. White-collar workers who stay up late and work overtime for a long time;

7. People who use computers and mobile phones for a long time to work in a radiation environment;

8. People with smoking, drinking, drug addiction and other habits.

In a word, fertility assessment can help women understand their fertility potential and possible fertility problems. In fact, whether you have the desire to have children at present or not, regular fertility assessment can help you plan your birth plan reasonably, receive corresponding medical help in time, and don’t leave regrets for your life!

Sogou input method has the function of "help you chat", which allows users to express themselves accurately and quickly.

Do you often feel distressed by the lack of literary talent in online communication language expression? Do you often weigh your words but still don’t know how to reply to your friends’ messages properly? 

Recently, sogou’s input method was updated to the new version of 10.9, and the intelligent Wang Zi function of AI assistant was upgraded again, and the exclusive and original "Help You Chat" function was launched, which helped users to open the skills of god chat, allowing users to express themselves accurately and quickly.

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As early as August, 2019, sogou Input Method innovatively introduced AI assistant into input method products, released AI intelligent Wang Zi assistant, and launched functions such as expression recommendation, quip recommendation, information recommendation, weather recommendation, etc. to help users express smoothly and efficiently in different scenarios, which significantly improved the user’s input experience.

It is understood that after the launch of the "Help You Chat" function, the AI ? ? intelligent assistant Wang Zi is more intelligent, which can not only help users chat more smoothly, but also make users chat more interesting.

After the new version of sogou Input Method 10.9 went online, AI intelligent assistant Wang Zi upgraded from the original intelligent "replacement" of user chat content to intelligent "completion" of user chat content, making users express more efficiently and accurately without thinking. For example, when you enter "hahaha", the "Help You Chat" function will suggest the user to input the completed content according to the scene intelligence, and the user can choose to send it to the chat friend with one click.

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Not only that, the "help you chat" function can also assist users to express their interest in poetic language. For example, when the user inputs any two words, click on the quip recommendation, and the AI intelligent assistant Wang Zi will recommend to the user a "poem" composed by AI with the input content. This makes the chat content more personalized, highlights personal aesthetic taste, and makes the chat content poetic and more interesting.

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From recommending chat content for users to assisting users to chat, and intelligently optimizing and completing users’ chat content, sogou AI intelligent Wang Zi assistant has once again evolved, which is inseparable from the continuous innovation and progress of sogou AI technology. It is reported that after the new version is launched, after the user turns on the "Help You Chat" function, the recommended content will be 100% when the user inputs it, and the recommended content varies from person to person, with thousands of people, and everyone’s content is all original for AI, so that users can talk about tricks and new ideas.

As a well-deserved "leading brother" in the domestic input method field, sogou input method has never stopped the pace of product innovation. Focusing on the vision of making it easier to express and obtain information, sogou first applied AI technology to input method products to help users express more simply, efficiently and interestingly, which not only made the user experience of sogou input method always ahead of the industry, but also laid the leading position of sogou input method in the AI era.

With the launch of the original "help you chat" function, sogou input method once again leads the new direction of AI input. In the future, with AI empowerment, the input method will not only be a tool to improve people’s expression efficiency, but also an essential assistant to improve people’s work efficiency and increase the fun of life.

Report: the number of netizens reached 829 million, and the Internet penetration rate was 59.6%.

  On February 28th, 2019, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released the 43rd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. The report focuses on five aspects: Internet infrastructure, Internet application development, government application development, industrial and technological development and Internet security, and strives to comprehensively reflect the development of China’s Internet in 2018 through multi-angle and all-round data display.

  The amount of basic resources has steadily increased, and IPv6 has broad application prospects.

  As of December 2018, the number of IPv6 addresses in China was 41,079 /32, with an annual growth rate of 75.3%; The total number of domain names is 37.928 million, of which the total number of ".CN" domain names is 21.243 million, accounting for 56.0% of the total number of domain names. In terms of IPv6, China is continuously promoting the large-scale deployment of IPv6, further standardizing the IPv6 address allocation and traceability mechanism, effectively improving the IPv6 security capability, and thus promoting the comprehensive application of IPv6; In terms of domain names, in 2018, China’s high-performance domain name resolution technology continued to develop, new breakthroughs were made in the research and development of independent intellectual property software, and the ability to localize and customize domain name service security policies was further enhanced, thus significantly improving the service capability and security guarantee capability of China’s domain name service system.

  The Internet penetration rate is close to 60%, and the access threshold is further lowered.

  By December 2018, the number of Internet users in China had reached 829 million, with a penetration rate of 59.6%, up 3.8 percentage points from the end of 2017, with 56.53 million new Internet users. The number of mobile Internet users in China reached 817 million, and the proportion of Internet users accessing through mobile phones reached 98.6%, with 64.33 million new mobile Internet users in the whole year. In 2018, the internet coverage was further expanded, and the "last mile" of network infrastructure in poverty-stricken areas was gradually opened.

  The "digital divide" has been bridged quickly; Mobile traffic charges have dropped sharply, and inter-provincial "roaming" has become history, the threshold for residents to access the network has been further lowered, and the efficiency of information exchange has been improved.

  The first law in the field of e-commerce was promulgated, and the industry accelerated the conversion of kinetic energy.

  As of December 2018, the number of online shopping users in China reached 610 million, with an annual growth rate of 14.4% and a utilization rate of 73.6%. The first law in the field of electronic commerce, the Electronic Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China, was officially promulgated, which is of great significance to promoting the sustained and healthy development of the industry. After years of rapid development, the online consumer market has gradually entered the development stage of upgrading, and the "double upgrade" at both ends of supply and demand is becoming a new round of driving force for industry growth. On the supply side, online and offline resources are accelerating integration, and new models such as social e-commerce and quality e-commerce continue to enrich consumption scenarios and drive the transformation and upgrading of the retail industry; Technologies such as big data and blockchain are deeply applied to effectively improve operational efficiency. On the demand side, the trend of consumption upgrading remains unchanged, and the characteristics of consumption stratification are increasingly prominent, further promoting market diversification.

On January 16th, in Wuma Commercial Street, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, shoppers paid by "brushing their faces". Photo courtesy/vision china

  Offline payment habits continued to consolidate, and the international payment market accelerated.

  By the end of December 2018, the number of mobile internet payment users in China reached 583 million, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%, and the utilization rate of mobile internet users reached 71.4%. The habit of offline online payment continued to consolidate, and the proportion of netizens using mobile phone online payment increased from 65.5% at the end of 2017 to 67.2%. In terms of cross-border payment, Alipay and WeChat payment have been accessed in compliance in more than 40 countries and regions respectively; In terms of overseas localized payment, Chinese enterprises have operated localized digital wallet products in nine Asian countries and regions.

  Internet entertainment has entered a standardized development track, and the utilization rate of short video users is nearly 80%

  By December 2018, the number of users of online video, online music and online games was 612 million, 576 million and 484 million, respectively, and the utilization rates were 73.9%, 69.5% and 58.4%, respectively. Major online video platforms pay attention to the improvement of program content quality, and self-made content moves towards quality. With the deepening of copyright cooperation among online music enterprises, the process of copyright legalization of digital music has been significantly accelerated. More and more game companies have begun to focus on overseas business, and the influence of domestic games in overseas markets has further expanded. The number of short video users reached 648 million, and the user utilization rate was 78.2%. With the deployment of short videos by many Internet companies, the market maturity gradually improved, and the professionalism and verticality of content production deepened, and high-quality content became the core competitiveness of each platform.

  The efficiency of online government services has been improved, and the people-oriented development concept has been practiced.

  As of December 2018, the number of online government service users in China reached 394 million, accounting for 47.5% of the total netizens. By the end of December 2018, there were 17,962 government websites in China, and the cumulative number of users of WeChat city service reached 570 million. The number of government agencies Weibo certified by Sina platform reached 138,253, and 78,180 government headlines were opened by party and government organs at all levels … In 2018, China’s "Internet+government services" deepened, and governments at all levels relied on the online government service platform to promote online and offline integration. Real-time import of online declaration, queuing appointment, examination and approval results and other information, strengthen the construction of a national unified and multi-level interconnected data sharing and exchange platform, and realize "people running less errands" by "letting data run more". At the same time, all localities have successively started the construction of county-level media integration centers, including all media units such as county radio and television stations, county party newspapers and county-owned websites, and taking charge of all information publishing services in the county, so as to realize centralized and unified management of resources, high-quality information and standardized service, better convey government information and serve the local people.

On June 30, 2018, Dandong, Liaoning Province, fans who rushed to the scene to watch the live broadcast of Modern Brothers crowded Anton Old Street. Photo courtesy/vision china

  The emerging technology field maintains a good development momentum and opens up a new situation in building a network power.

  In 2018, China’s development momentum in basic resources, 5G, quantum information, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, blockchain, virtual reality, Internet of Things logo, supercomputing and other fields is improving. In the field of 5G, breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of core technologies, and government and enterprises have joined forces to promote the steady development of the industry; In the field of artificial intelligence, the ability of scientific and technological innovation has been strengthened, and local plans and policies have been promulgated one after another, effectively promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and economic and social development; In the field of cloud computing, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of a new generation of information industry represented by it, enterprises actively promote strategic layout, and cloud computing services have gradually been recognized and accepted by the domestic market.

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  Basic data (as of December 2018)

  The number of netizens reached 829 million, with 56.53 million new netizens in the whole year, and the Internet penetration rate was 59.6%, an increase of 3.8 percentage points over the end of 2017.

  The number of mobile phone users reached 817 million, with 64.33 million new mobile phone users in the whole year.

  The number of rural netizens reached 222 million, accounting for 26.7% of the total netizens, an increase of 12.91 million compared with the end of 2017, with a growth rate of 6.2%; The Internet penetration rate in rural areas was 38.4%, up 3.0 percentage points from the end of 2017.

  98.6% netizens use mobile phones to surf the Internet, 48.0% use desktop computers and 35.9% use notebook computers, and 31.1% use TV to surf the Internet.

  The number of IPv6 addresses is 41,079 blocks /32, an increase of 75.3% compared with the end of 2017. The total number of ".CN" domain names is 21.243 million, an increase of 1.9% compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 56.0% of the total number of domain names in China. China’s international export bandwidth is 8,946,570Mbps, with an annual growth rate of 22.2%.

  The number of instant messaging users reached 792 million, and the proportion of netizens was 95.6%.

  Mobile instant messaging users reached 780 million, accounting for 95.5% of mobile Internet users.

  The number of online news users reached 675 million, an increase of 4.3% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens used was 81.4%;

  The number of news users on mobile phone network reached 653 million, accounting for 79.9% of mobile phone users, with an annual growth rate of 5.4%.

  The number of online shopping users reached 610 million, an increase of 14.4% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens was 73.6%;

  The number of mobile online shopping users reached 592 million, accounting for 72.5% of mobile internet users, with an annual growth rate of 17.1%.

  The number of online takeaway users reached 406 million, an increase of 18.2% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens was 49.0%;

  The number of mobile phone online take-out users reached 397 million, accounting for 48.6% of mobile phone users, with an annual growth rate of 23.2%.

  The number of online payment users reached 600 million, an increase of 13.0% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens used was 72.5%;

  The scale of mobile phone network payment users reached 583 million, accounting for 71.4% of mobile phone netizens, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%.

  The number of online video users reached 612 million, an increase of 33.09 million compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 73.9% of the total netizens;

  The number of mobile phone network video users reached 590 million, an increase of 41.01 million compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 72.2% of mobile phone netizens.

  The number of short video users reached 648 million, and the proportion of netizens was 78.2%.

  The number of online government service users reached 394 million, accounting for 47.5% of the total netizens.