分类： sfdrtg

　　CCTV News:On the 13th, Russian President Vladimir Putin reviewed the officers and men and equipment participating in the Oriental 2018 military exercise, and said that the Oriental 2018 exercise showed that the Russian army could resist major military threats. Japanese media said that although the Russian side stated that the exercise was not aimed at a third party, in view of the deteriorating relations between Russia and the United States, the exercise may be aimed at containing the United States and its allies Japan and South Korea.

　　Putin: Russian army can resist major military threats.

　　On the 13th, Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived at the Chugor training ground in the Outer Baikal Territory by helicopter, and reviewed the officers and men and equipment participating in the Oriental 2018 military exercise. Officers and men of the eastern and central military regions of the Russian armed forces and troops from China and Mongolia participated in the review. The "Oriental -2018" exercise is the largest military exercise in Russia since 1981. The Russian army has more than 300,000 participants, 36,000 participating equipment, more than 1,000 aircraft and nearly 80 ships. Putin said that the "Oriental -2018" exercise shows that the Russian army can resist major military threats.

　　Russian President Vladimir Putin: "I want to tell Russian soldiers that our task is to be prepared to defend national sovereignty, national security and national interests, and support our allies if necessary."

　　Japanese media: Russian exercises or to contain the United States, Japan and South Korea

　　In the eyes of western media, Putin’s remarks are obviously addressed to the United States and its allies.

　　Japanese ANN TV host: "The largest military exercise held in Russia after the Cold War was officially launched from Siberia to the Sea of Japan. The Russian Ministry of Defence said that the purpose of this exercise is defense, and no country has been set as an imaginary enemy. However, Russia-US relations are deteriorating, and this exercise may be to contain the United States and its allies Japan and South Korea. "

　　In recent days, the Russian "Oriental -2018" military exercise is in full swing on land, sky and sea, and the location of the exercise makes Japan very sensitive. On September 12th, ships of the Pacific Fleet, destroyer Fast and two missile boats launched the "Sandfly" cruise missile. Accurately hit a surface target in the Sea of Okhotsk from a distance of 100 kilometers. On the southeast side of the Sea of Okhotsk is the disputed island between Russia and Japan.

　　Abe urges settlement of Japan-Russia territorial dispute "When to do it now?"

　　On the 10th, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who visited Vladivostok, made the greatest wish of this trip to resolve the territorial dispute between Russia and Japan. On the 12th, at a meeting of the Eastern Economic Forum, Abe called for the settlement of the territorial dispute between Japan and Russia, and turned the four islands into a "symbol of Japan-Russia cooperation".

　　Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo AbePresident Putin, witnessed by a large audience, let us reconfirm each other’s will to achieve our goals, and let us move forward with this issue in mind. If we don’t do it now, when will we do it? Who will do it if we don’t do it? "

　　Putin, on the other hand, threw an idea that shocked the audience.

　　Russian President Vladimir PutinAn idea suddenly occurred to me, let’s conclude a peace agreement, maybe not now but before the end of this year, without preconditions.

　　Russian media: Putin’s proposal surprised the Japanese side

　　Abe aside, in the thunderous applause at the scene, did not speak. Russian media reported that Putin’s proposal surprised the Japanese side, which can be seen from the reaction of Japanese journalists in the news center. They first asked the translator to repeat Putin’s words, and then began to call the editorial department.

　　Japanese TBS TV reporter: "I have been typing on the computer to record what the leader said. When I heard Putin’s proposal, I was completely stunned. I went back to watch the TV screen and couldn’t move. I was very excited. We immediately called and asked to translate this sentence again. We thought for a long time whether to broadcast it on the live broadcast. "

　　Russian media: Putin has not received Abe’s reply.

　　According to Russian news agency Tass on the 12th, Kremlin spokesman peskov revealed that Putin has not received Abe’s reply.

　　Japan: the position of resolving territorial disputes before talking about peace treaties remains unchanged.

　　On the same day, Suga Yoshihide, Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan, stressed in Tokyo that "the policy of the Japanese government will not change", that is, the territorial dispute will be settled first, and then the peace treaty will be discussed.

　　Japanese media: Putin’s speech "may shake Japan"

　　Japan’s Common Network reported that officials at the Japanese Prime Minister’s residence believed that Putin’s speech "may shake Japan". The Japanese government will first analyze the true intention of Putin’s speech. However, Russian satellite network quoted experts as saying that Putin’s proposal was a political gesture made in good faith. But for the Japanese, this is a matter of principle and national pride. If Japan abandons its claim to the disputed islands, it will be tantamount to political suicide for the Japanese government and will only cause anger to burst in Japan.

　　During Abe’s visit to Russia, the heads of the two countries held their 22nd meeting. Putin also invited Abe to watch the final of the international judo competition in Vladivostok. The media photographed them talking and laughing in the stands, and the atmosphere was harmonious. According to Kyodo News, the two sides reached an agreement on developing common economic activities in the disputed territory, such as seafood farming, greenhouse vegetable cultivation, wind power generation and waste reduction, but the issue of island ownership has not progressed. Public opinion believes that the warming of economic cooperation between the two countries has not contributed to the settlement of territorial issues as expected by Japan. The crux lies in the fact that Japan has stood on the side of the United States on security issues in the context of increasingly tense US-Russian relations.

　　Yesterday, the large-scale rain and snow process in the central and eastern regions kicked off. The monitoring showed that from 8: 00 yesterday to 6: 00 today, there were snowfall (rain) or sleet in western Xinjiang, eastern and southern Qinghai, eastern Gansu, southern Ningxia, north-central Shaanxi, south-central Shanxi, north-central Henan, south-central Shandong and northern Jiangsu and Anhui. The snow in central and northern Henan, central and southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu is 2 ~ 9.7 cm; Moderate to heavy rain occurred in eastern Hubei, central and southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places, and local heavy rain occurred in Jiangsu.

　　This large-scale freezing rain and snow weather process has the characteristics of wide influence range, large accumulated rain and snow, long duration and large freezing rain area, and will be the strongest in winter since 2009.

　　More than a thousand toll stations across the country are closed.

　　The reporter learned from the Road Network Center of the Ministry of Transport that as of 8: 00 today, affected by snowfall and road icing, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia have closed 80 road sections and closed 1,133 toll stations, and the resumption time is yet to be determined. The details are as follows:

　　Hebei (38 toll stations closed, 2 sections): Handan section of G22 Qinglan Expressway, Qingjiagou section of G2516 Donglu Expressway;

　　Shanxi (238 toll stations are closed, 37 sections are closed): G5 Jingkun Expressway from Hongtong to Beichai, Qixian to Mingjiang, Houma to Hejin, Luocheng to Qingxu South, G20 Qingyin Expressway from Jiaocheng to Liulin West, G2003 Taiyuan Ring Expressway, G22 Qinglan Expressway, G2211 Changyan Expressway, G2516 Donglu Expressway, G. G55 Erguang Expressway from Taiyuan to Jincheng, Yuanping to Gaopu, G5512 Jinxin Expressway, G59 Hubei Expressway from Xiangning to Hejin, Ruicheng to Shengtian Lake, Lishi to Xixian, Linxian to Lishi, Donghuangshui to Chakou, S45 Tianli Expressway from Zuo Quan East Station to Xijing, Zhangzhuang to Zuo Quan, Yinying to Pingding North, and S46 Jingxing Expressway from Caijiaya. S75 Houping Expressway, S76 Pingchang Expressway, S80 Linghou Expressway, S86 Jinyun Expressway Runcheng North to Yangcheng North, S8611 Runyang Expressway, S87 Yunfeng Expressway, S2201 Changzhi Ring Expressway, S2002 Linfen Ring Expressway, S2211 Mingqu Expressway, S5503 Jincheng Ring Expressway and S5902 Yuncheng Ring Expressway.

　　Liaoning (61 toll stations closed and 3 sections closed): G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway, S2 Shenkang Expressway and S3 Shentao Expressway;

　　Henan (420 toll stations closed and 31 sections closed): G0321 Deshang Expressway, G1511 Rilan Expressway, G1516 Yanluo Expressway, G3001 Zhengzhou Ring Expressway, G3031 Shanggu Expressway, G35 Jiguang Expressway, G3511 Hebao Expressway, G36 Ningluo Expressway and G5512 Jinxin Expressway. S29 Xuxin Expressway, S33 along Taihang Expressway, S38 Xinyang Expressway, S49 Jiaotang Expressway, S60 Shangdeng Expressway, S71 Anyang Northwest Ring Road, S74 Huohubei Link Line, S76 Luanlu Expressway, S82 Min Zheng Expressway, S84 Xinjin Expressway, S85 Zhengshao Expressway, S87 Zheng Yun Expressway, S88 Zhengluan Expressway and S92 Luolu Expressway. S95 Jiluo Expressway, S96 Luoluan Expressway, S97 Xinyi Expressway, G234 Songzhuang Village in Gaozhuang Township to Baitugang Village in Xipingluo Township, G342 Daquandi Village in Nanzhai Town to the boundary of Shanxi Province (bordering with Shanxi Province), and S229 Nanzhai Village in Nanzhai Town to Nancun Village in Nancun Town;

　　Shaanxi (125 toll stations closed, 2 sections closed): Huajin intersection section of Huayin section of G242, Jinzhulin-Baicaoliang section of Ba ‘anyu Road in S211 town;

　　Ningxia (18 toll stations closed, 4 sections closed): G22 Qinglan Expressway Longde to Maojiagou Section, G70 Fuyin Expressway Taoshan to Liupanshan Section, S25 Jinghua Expressway Jingheyuan to Jinghua Section and Fuyin Interchange Section;

　　Hubei (1 section closed): Shiyan section of S282;

　　Three toll stations in Inner Mongolia were closed; Eight toll stations in Heilongjiang are closed; A toll station in Anhui was closed; 195 toll stations in Shandong were closed; 26 toll stations in Gansu closed.

　　In addition, affected by heavy fog, Jilin, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Sichuan and Guizhou have closed two road sections and closed 161 toll stations. It is expected to resume traffic at noon today. The details are as follows:

　　Henan (two sections are closed): the G310 Mianchi Interchange to Dongliang Section and Mianchi Interchange to Lingbao West Section;

　　Two toll stations in Jilin are closed; 80 toll stations in Zhejiang are closed; 57 toll stations in Jiangxi were closed; 16 toll stations in Sichuan are closed; Six toll stations in Guizhou are closed.

　　Many expressways in Henan are prohibited from getting on the station.

　　Affected by snowfall, many highways in Henan are prohibited from getting on the station, and dangerous goods transport vehicles in the province are prohibited from getting on the station. As of 8: 10 on February 1, the highways affected by snowfall in Henan Province are as follows:

　　Due to snowfall, the sections where all vehicles are prohibited from getting on the station are:

　　Ningluo Expressway: Luoyang Jianxi Station-Yexian North Station;

　　Xu-Guang Expressway: Xiangcheng Station-Wugang South Station;

　　Anluo Expressway: Guandu Station-Yanling Pengdian Station;

　　Lannan Expressway: Erlangmiao Station-Jiuxian Station;

　　Hubei Expressway: Lingbao East Station-Zhuyangguan Station;

　　Airport Expressway: south exit of airport station;

　　Pushang Expressway: Puyang East Station-Ningling North Station;

　　Lanyuan Expressway: Yuanyang East Station-Yuanyang South Station;

　　Luxi Expressway: Xianmenshan Station-Xixia North Station;

　　Puwei Expressway: Wenliu Station-Huaxian South Station;

　　Shangnan Expressway: Shangqiu Liangyuan Station-zhecheng county West Station, Yinji Station-Yangzhuang Station;

　　Sanmenxia Yellow River Railway Bridge: Sanmenxia Station goes out of the province;

　　Jinxin Expressway: the whole line;

　　Deshang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Jiaotang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Hebao Expressway: Changyuan North Station-Xinxiang Economic Development Zone Station, Xiuwu East Station-Shaoyuan Station.

　　Shangdeng Expressway: the whole line;

　　Ningluo Expressway: Luohe West Station-Luoyang Jian West Station.

　　Xinjin Expressway: the whole line;

　　Jiluo Expressway: the whole line;

　　Shanggu Expressway: Suidong New District Station-zhecheng county South Railway Station;

　　Jiguang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Yanluo Expressway: the whole line;

　　Zheng Yun Expressway: the whole line;

　　Rilan Expressway: the whole line;

　　Luan-Lu Expressway: the whole line;

　　Luoluan Expressway: the whole line;

　　Xinyi Expressway: the whole line;

　　Zheng Shao Expressway: the whole line;

　　Nanlin Expressway: the whole line;

　　Taihui Expressway: the whole line;

　　Xuxin Expressway: Fancheng Station-Wenshi Station;

　　Luolu Expressway: the whole line;

　　Zhengzhou-Luan Expressway: the whole line;

　　Around the northwest of Anyang: the whole line.

　　Along Taihang Expressway: the whole line

　　Min Zheng Expressway: the whole line;

　　Lianhuohubei tie line: the whole line

　　Due to snowfall, it is forbidden for more than seven passenger cars (including seven) and dangerous goods transport vehicles to get on the road:

　　Hebao Expressway: Xinxiang East Station-Huojia Station;

　　Xuxin Expressway: Xiping West Station-Boshan Lake Station;

　　Huainei Expressway: Zhengyang South Station-Shuanghe Station;

　　Xuguang Expressway: Chunshui Station-Biyang East Station;

　　Shanggu Expressway: Test Station-Steel Xincheng Station;

　　Ningluo Expressway: Shenqiu Zhidian Station-Tanzhuang Station;

　　Anluo Expressway: Fugou West Station-Tongzhong Station;

　　Shangnan Expressway: Sitong Station-chaya mountain Station;

　　Zhengzhou Ring Expressway: the whole line;

　　Xinyang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Lianhuo Expressway: the whole line;

　　Daguang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway: Biyang;

　　Erguang Expressway: the whole line;

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway: the whole line.

　　Shaanxi Yan ‘an Expressway implements traffic control.

　　On February 1st, heavy snow fell in Yan ‘an, Shaanxi Province. In order to ensure the safety of travel, all toll stations of Baomao Expressway, Yanxi Expressway, Yulan Expressway, Qinglan Expressway, Changyan Expressway, Ziyao Expressway and Yanzhiwu Expressway are temporarily controlled, and all vehicles are prohibited from passing. The release time is to be determined.

　　Temporary control of several expressways in Gansu due to snowfall

　　The reporter learned from the expressway management department of Gansu Province that as of 9: 00 am on February 1, affected by the previous snowfall, according to the traffic conditions, the traffic police in the jurisdiction temporarily implemented temporary traffic control at the entrance of the toll station on the following sections:

　　G6 Liuzhaike and Wangjiashan toll stations have two-way entrances; Vehicles heading for Ningxia at the entrance of Xindun and Pingchuan toll stations;

　　G22 West Gongyi, Jingning Toll Station and toll stations along Pingliang West to Taibai;

　　G69 sweet water fort to toll stations along the ancient city of Luo Chuan;

　　G70 Fengkou Toll Station;

　　G85 Shilipu to Huating South toll stations;

　　G8513 toll stations along Huating West to Tianshui land port;

　　S28 toll stations along Huating East to Lingtai West;

　　S11 Huating North Toll Station;

　　S26 Zhengning connecting line connects Yulin Zi and Zhengning South toll station entrance;

　　S15 toll stations along Huachi North to Qingcheng East;

　　S25 toll stations along Jingning South to Shetang;

　　G341 Toll Station of Huanxian County and Lujiawan, the first-class road of Erche.

　　At present, the local highway department has started the emergency plan, and dispatched personnel and vehicles to clear the snow on the road to ensure the safety of Spring Festival travel rush.

A few days ago, Somanath, chairman of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), revealed the latest progress and plans of India’s manned space program at a conference jointly sponsored by Indian Surveying and Mapping Society (ISG) and Remote Sensing Society (ISRS), among which the development plan of India’s manned space station in the future attracted the most attention.

With the advancement of India’s "Gaganyaan" manned spacecraft program, India’s manned space station program will also be put on the agenda. It is planned to launch and deploy the first verification module of the space station around 2028 and build the Indian space station in 2035 — — Bharatiya Antariksha Station。 So, what is the level of the Indian space station?

The space station model announced by India.

India’s manned space flight: struggling to move forward

Manned space flight is an important symbol to measure a country’s comprehensive strength today. For India, which wants to become a "great country with great sound and color", manned space flight is obviously a plus item. In 1984, through international cooperation with the Soviet Union, the Indian Space Research Organization sent India’s first astronaut Sharma into space. He took the Soyuz T-11 spacecraft to the Salute 7 space station and made a space flight for 7 days, 21 hours and 40 minutes.

Borrowing a ship to the sky is just a pathfinding move to develop the ability of autonomous manned space flight. The ultimate goal is to send Indians into space by their own rockets and spacecraft. But India has lacked the necessary space capability for a long time, and even mature and reliable rockets did not exist before the 21st century — — It is the 21st century that the PSLV rocket independently developed by India has reached a mature and reliable state. Although the carrying capacity of the PSLV rocket is enough to launch a spacecraft of the same level as the American Mercury, the Indian Space Research Organization has long been in contact with the Soyuz spacecraft, and it is obvious that it will not "go backwards" to develop a spacecraft with a lower technical level like Mercury. The launch mass of Soyuz spacecraft is 6.8 tons, while the capacity of GSLV MK II rocket in low-earth orbit is 6 tons. It is rumored that India had planned to launch a manned spacecraft with two crew members with GSLV MK II rocket, but the performance of GSLV MK II rocket also made India a little disappointed — — Achieving maturity is something after 2010.

Although the manned space program has not been formally approved by the state, in order to promote the manned space program, the Indian Space Research Organization began to accumulate the technology and experience of manned space engineering in advance. In January, 2007, the Indian Space Research Organization launched a test module named Space Capsule Return Test (SRE). SRE-1 is just a simple return module. After being launched by PSLV rocket, it flew in low earth orbit for about a week, and then re-entered and landed on the sea surface of the Bay of Bengal. The Indian Space Research Organization has broken through the reentry technology of manned spacecraft through the SRE-1 return module, and the thermal protection tiles of the thermal protection system can be reused.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) subsequently proposed to launch a manned spaceflight project, and planned to send Indians into space by 2015. However, this plan did not receive strong support from the Indian government, and the Indian government only approved a budget of 20 million US dollars for technical pre-research. ISRO can only continue to tackle technical problems first. In 2008, the Indian Space Research Organization decided to build an astronaut training center in Bangalore, and developed spacesuits inside and outside the cabin. It also prepared for the construction of a manned space mission control center and attempted to build a special manned space launch station at the Sri Harikota launch site. In 2012, India’s "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" was announced, and the manned space program has not yet been approved, which means that India’s manned space program was officially launched after 2017 at the earliest.

With the maturity of the GSLV MK II rocket and the successful development of the new generation GSLV MK III/LVM3 rocket, on December 18th, 2014, the Indian Space Research Organization carried out the suborbital test flight of LVM3 and launched the manned module for atmospheric re-entry experiment (CARE). The CARE manned module, weighing about 3.7 tons, is a full-scale test module of the manned spacecraft in the future. It was accelerated to a speed of 5.3 km/s and re-entered, and many key subsystems such as navigation, guidance and control and thermal protection were tested. Of course, such a large return capsule also means that the GSLV MK II rocket can only "look at the ship and sigh", and it is necessary to use the LVM3 rocket with greater capacity to launch a manned spacecraft. In addition, India has also carried out airdrop and water splash tests of manned return capsule, and the development of service capsule of spacecraft has also made progress. Indian Space Research Organization directly developed the service capsule of manned spacecraft on the basis of the fourth stage of PSLV rocket.

In 2017, the Indian Space Research Organization began to implement the manned space program, and successfully completed the launch pad escape test in 2018. On August 15, 2018, on the National Day of India, Indian Prime Minister Modi officially announced the manned space program called Gaganyaan. At that time, it was planned that the project budget would total 100 billion rupees (about 1.35 billion US dollars) in the next seven years. The Indian Space Research Organization also disclosed that the manned spacecraft is a typical two-cabin spacecraft with a total weight of about 7 tons. They plan to transport three members for a 5-7-day flight in 2021. The Indian Space Research Organization also sent astronauts to Russia for training, and established a ground station in Australia through international cooperation to support future manned flights.

However, with the development of the spacecraft, the plan has not changed quickly. The manned return module has become a large manned module with a weight of 5.3 tons, while the service module has a weight of 2.9 tons, and the total weight of the spacecraft has increased to 8.2 tons. The Gaganyaan spacecraft will be sent into a circular orbit with a height of 400 kilometers by a LVM3 rocket that has passed the manned certification. The Indian Space Research Organization obviously underestimated the engineering difficulty of manned spaceflight. Coupled with the impact of the epidemic, the first hot test of the manned version of the rocket Vikas was carried out in July 2021, the main parachute airdrop test was carried out in 2022, the parachute test was completed in August 2023, and the spacecraft escape test was carried out on October 21 of the same year. Like most space programs in India, the manned space program is also plagued by "procrastination". The first unmanned launch of Indian manned spacecraft has been postponed to 2024, and the first manned flight plan will be realized in 2025.

Manned space station: a vision full of variables

There is a saying in the aerospace field: shipbuilding is for building a station, and building a station is for application. Manned spacecraft is only the first step of manned spaceflight project. Manned spaceflight is to serve space applications after all, and space station is an essential infrastructure for large-scale space science and applications. Although India has not yet launched a manned spacecraft, it has already carried out the pre-research work of a manned space station.

In 2018, India’s manned spaceflight project was officially approved. In June 2019, Sivan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, revealed that India is preparing to develop and launch a space station in the next stage. It is said that the Indian Space Research Organization will launch a 20-ton single-cabin space station with the class of "Salute VII" around 2030, support short-term space stay of 15-20 days, and carry out space microgravity scientific experiments. Manned space engineering technology covers a wide range, among which rendezvous and docking is an indispensable key technology, and the Indian version of Salute VII space station should also break through the mastery of space rendezvous and docking. In 2019, Indian media reported that the Indian Space Research Organization had started research on space docking technology as early as 2017, and two small satellites would be launched in the future to carry out space docking experiment (SPADEX).

In 2021, at the Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), Swan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, mentioned that India will develop a manned space station in the future to achieve long-term orbital residency. In his slide show, the core module of the space station is docked with two Gaganyaan spacecraft, and there are two suspected experimental modules. The core module also has a mechanical arm and an airlock module, and the performance index is greatly improved compared with the original "Salute" series of space stations. According to public information, the Gaganyaan spacecraft, which had planned to make its first flight at the end of 2021, was postponed to 2023, but in 2022, President Swan continued to say that this larger and more complex space station would be built around 2030.

In 2022, the Indian Space Research Organization showed a new space station model. This space station named the microgravity experimental manned orbital space station (HOME) consists of a service module, a residence module, a propulsion module and an inflatable module. It is exaggerated that there are not only three conventional modules, but also two inflatable modules on the HOME model, and four Gaganyaan spacecraft have been docked! However, considering that the Indian manned spacecraft has not yet been launched, the Indian Space Research Organization mainly focuses on the manned spacecraft, and the various manned space station configurations on display are of little reference value. In the future, with the implementation of India’s manned spaceflight project and the changes of India’s economic development and government support, the design scheme of the space station will be revised at any time. In an interview, Somanat, the newly appointed chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization in 2023, said that the Gaganyaan plan aims to achieve independent space flight capability. Once the manned space flight capability is broken, the space station plan will be implemented in the next 20 to 25 years. The space station has been identified as the main goal of the Indian Space Research Organization in the next decade. Judging from the available information, the Indian Space Station is no longer an imitation of Salute VII, but a typical multi-module space station.

The design of the Indian Space Station is also constantly changing. In November 2023, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, Somanat, presented a slide at the conference. It is planned to use Gaganyaan spacecraft to carry a small inflatable capsule in 2026-2028, test the deployment technology of the inflatable capsule in orbit, and then conduct the rendezvous and docking test in orbit. He also mentioned that the Indian Space Station includes three cabins, namely, living cabin, command and propulsion cabin and inflatable cabin. The total mass of the space station is about 25 tons, and the construction of the space station will be completed around 2035. The Indian manned space station has not been formally established. Whether it is the completion time in 2035, the total mass of 25 tons, or the design configuration of the three cabins, it is obviously uncertain. The Indian space station plan will continue to change.

According to the information released by the Indian Space Research Organization, Gaganyaan spacecraft will be launched by LVM3 rocket. In the existing scheme, the space station module will also be launched by LVM3 rocket, and the low-earth orbit capacity of LVM3 rocket is only about 10 tons, which may be the key to the total mass of the three-cabin space station being only 25 tons.

The first flight of LVM3 rocket in 2017 is not the end of the development of Indian launch vehicle. The Indian Space Research Organization is improving and upgrading the LVM3 rocket, and plans to increase the synchronous transfer orbit capacity of the rocket from 4 tons to 6-6.5 tons, and the corresponding near-earth orbit capacity can also reach about 15 tons. In addition, India is still developing a new generation of rocket NGLV, which will replace the existing launch vehicles such as PSLV, GSLV and LVM3. The NGLV rocket has a capacity of 20 tons in low-earth orbit and is scheduled to make its first flight around 2030.

Somanat, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, also said that NGLV rockets will be used to support future commercial launches, deep space exploration and manned space missions, and the current 25-ton space station may be an expedient measure. With the development of NGLV rockets, the Indian Space Research Organization is likely to develop 20-ton cabins and build a large permanent space station with three or more cabins. The Indian space station plan looks ambitious, but there are still many key technologies that need to be broken through, and it is likely that, like most Indian space programs, it will not be completed on time. Moreover, many Indian space programs are ambitious and divorced from India’s space industry and technical level, and the actual results are quite different from PPT.

Special feature of 1905 film network Two days before the interview, Donnie Yen had just finished the publicity in Hong Kong and Taiwan and rushed to Beijing to prepare for the premiere. After the end of this wave of publicity, he will immediately rush back to the United States and join the Mulan crew that just started.

Donnie Yen, 55, is still so busy, and at the same time he is very busy.

Even Jing Wong, the director who participated in hundreds of plays, lamented that "Master Brother" had Donnie Yen as the producer, which made him extremely "leisure".

On the eve of this interview, the staff privately informed Donnie Yen in advance that he was cold due to various rushing events and might not be in a good state. But during the whole interview, he kept a very professional state, especially when talking about his children, his eyes were shining and he talked endlessly.

At this time, Donnie Yen, like every ordinary father, tried hard to pursue the growth of his children. "Although I am often not in Hong Kong, I often video with my children. As long as I am in Hong Kong, I will go to their school activities and try to communicate with them as much as possible. "

However, the 14-year-old daughter has entered adolescence, and some words are not willing to take the initiative to chat with Donnie Yen. "I can only force her to say more, but she has a lot of girlish topics now, and I am really not good at it."

Therefore, in recent years, Donnie Yen sometimes thinks about his daughter when he takes the show. He admits that he took Mulan because of his daughter; Or they prefer to pick up some educational movies, hoping to use movies to convey positive energy, and the same is true of this "Master Brother".

In the interview, Xiao Dianjun couldn’t help teasing Donnie Yen, "So you are a typical’ daughter slave’". Donnie Yen quickly refused, "I love my son very much, but the same love is handled in different ways."

At the moment, his face is full of spoil.

No, Mulan did it for her daughter.

For many young viewers, when it comes to Donnie Yen, the first thing that comes to mind is series. This time, in the movie "Master Brother", he returned to fashion action movies after many years, and also served as a film producer. In fact, it was a big challenge for him.

"Because this is a campus film, I need a lot of young students to play the role, and at the same time I hope to find some new faces, so that I can be in the purest state. Therefore, we have spent several months training these newcomers and even modifying the scripts for the actors we found. "

However, for him, this shooting is a very happy thing, "fulfilling my wish for many years."

"I’ve always wanted to make an educational film. I hope to shoot a story that really happened in school. Because I think campus can express the importance of learning, everyone has been a student, so the story that happened on campus is the most appropriate. "

This time in "Master Brother", "I want to talk about students’ running-in with teachers and parents. I also hope that through my little experience, I can give you an opportunity to discuss some student problems around us through this movie."

Although the film took place in Hong Kong, the educational issues involved in the film actually apply to every region.

"I’m actually choosing a film to highlight positive energy". Throughout the interview, Donnie Yen has been emphasizing "educational" and "positive energy", which is totally attached to Mr. Chen in the film.

Donnie Yen couldn’t help but blow himself up. "I don’t like movies like Chasing the Dragon. It’s really depressing, and it’s hard for you to convey positive information in that kind of movie." In fact, at the beginning, in order to get Donnie Yen to take over "Chasing the Dragon", the director flew to Toronto to invite him. At that time, Donnie Yen once said, then take it, but he only performed it once.

"However, fortunately," Chasing the Dragon "finally delivered something positive."

It can be seen that Donnie Yen is willing to put many social propositions in movies as much as possible.

In Master Brother, Xiao Dianjun was deeply impressed by a setting. The female student played by Jingyun Li is treated differently by her parents from her younger brother. However, the teacher played by Donnie Yen came forward to break the barrier between father and daughter and let her find the love of her parents when she was a child.

"Men and women should be equal", which is consistent with Donnie Yen’s own education view. It is also the case that he specially accepted the highly regarded film Mulan.

"It promotes a very important modern message, that is, equality between men and women. I think that’s very important, especially because I have a daughter, and then I am very supportive. Many girls made by boys can do it. " Donnie Yen thought for a moment. "Frankly speaking, I took this play for my daughter."

Helping my daughter idolize, I turned out to be their idol.

Today, my daughter is 14 years old, and like all young people of this age, she has her favorite idol. "Many concerts, I have to pull relationships for my daughter."

"Can you imagine? A concert, we sit in the front row. Later, I found that I was the oldest in the whole concert, and I was the only one who didn’t dance with them. It was very funny. However, as an old parent, I have to do this, and I will be happy if she is happy. " It sounds like Donnie Yen is very helpless, but his tone is quite happy.

My daughter likes the idol men’s team BTS (BTS). "I was looking for ways to help her get backstage. Later, many friends asked me if I was going to see that BTS. "Donnie Yen shook his head." But it’s very interesting. Koreans actually like China’s martial arts movies. "

"So the staff over there are all my fans. I shot all the way backstage, from their bodyguards to assistants, and there were many of them, and I took hundreds of pictures. Later, when I met BTS, they had to take a photo with me first, and finally my daughter took a photo with others. "

Donnie Yen accompanied her daughter to the concert.

"In fact, it has really been like this since childhood." Donnie Yen couldn’t help humming her daughter’s favorite theme song Let it go a few years ago.

"We used to take her to America to watch a stage play. It’s already twelve o’clock at night. I know my daughter likes it, so I will follow the crowd to a crowded space and ask for that signature and photo. " It’s hard for Xiao Dianjun to imagine the martial arts superstar in front of him, shouting the artist’s name and asking for his signature in the fan base for his daughter.

At that time, Donnie Yen was not a superstar, but had only one identity, and that was "Dad".

Donnie Yen and his family.

July 27th this year is Donnie Yen’s 55th birthday, but he can only spend it in the crew because of filming. However, my daughter still sends blessings from a distance on social platforms.

Daughter’s social platform blessing

When Donnie Yen herself baked the cake for the crew at the Weibo, he said, "Although I hope to spend it with my wife Wang Shishi and children tomorrow … .. ",always thinking about family in my heart.

For Donnie Yen, who is busy all the year round, the most enjoyable time is to go home for dinner. "Talking about what happened today, knowing how the children spent their time at school, and joking, this is the most relaxed and relaxing moment."

"So, what do you usually say to the children the most?" Xiao Dianjun looked at the loving father in front of him and not only raised this question.

"I miss you, I love you, certainly this is the most. Because it is too deep to express feelings for children, how can we express them? If it’s just action and she can’t feel love at once, I’ll tell her directly. "