分类： fgsdghft

▍Source: Deep Blue View

▍Author: Tan Zhuo.

▍Editor: Wang Chen

Normalized nucleic acid detection is a market scale of tens of billions. But under this seemingly arachis duranensis, the third-party nucleic acid detection companies have fallen into the "default door" of payment. In Henan, several well-known large nucleic acid detection enterprises have government guarantees. In order to withstand the pressure of cash flow, some business owners borrowed 40 to 50 million yuan from the bank and put it in it. A third-party testing company participated in the large-scale screening of nucleic acids in Shanghai. "I have been doing it for a month or two, and I haven’t settled the account yet.If it is a large-capacity enterprise, the cost of light reagents a day is several million."A nucleic acid testing company in Shenzhen, the repayment of last year’s nucleic acid screening, has not been received until March this year. A small company in a southern city, which transformed from genetic testing of innovative drugs to nucleic acid testing industry, even regretted entering the company.

"Some payment cycles can be as long as six months to nine months, and once a quarter is very fast. It is normal for this kind of enterprise-side payment to drag on for half a year or a year. "The head of a state-owned nucleic acid testing company in Beijing mentioned that there are hundreds of millions of arrears. These big companies, even if they have a special business team to ask for this sum of accounts receivable, will eventually have to go into battle personally to recover the money. Then the nucleic acid testing enterprises that enter the market are not strong in their own strength, so they have to be carried by the boss himself. But no one can answer how long it can last. Now, the nucleic acid detection enterprises entering the company will inevitably encounter the situation that the price of nucleic acid detection is constantly decreasing, the cost is high, but the profit is getting thinner and thinner."In the future, nucleic acid testing companies are increasingly fighting for scale costs and cash flow."This is almost the consensus of all the testing institutions of nucleic acid enterprises.

–01–

Difficult payment

In the days when there is no payment for two months, what we have to face is the labor cost of a sampler approaching 100 yuan for an hour, the cost of hundreds of thousands of reagents every day, and the cost of laboratory staff of about 2,000 yuan a day, which makes a small third-party testing company in Shanghai fall into the crisis of broken capital flow at any time.　

These small and medium-sized enterprises can only keep asking for information from different departments in the city and get a positive reply-The expenses of sampling personnel are paid by the district finance, and medical insurance is not taken.Every time the test samples of residents’ screening are arranged by which department in the city or district, they will be refunded to whom.　

Although the departments arranged in each district are different, some district inspections are assigned to enterprises by the Economic and Information Committee, and some district sampling kiosks are coordinated by the National Development and Reform Commission. In the end, the money is paid by the district finance. This can be seen from the people who attended the meeting of the organization enterprises in the city.In the memories of several nucleic acid screening, there are representatives of development and reform, economic and information, health care and medical administration, and few medical insurance departments.　

This payment should have been accounted for long ago, but it was stuck for a long time when it came to financial allocation. Until mid-April, the company only got less than one-third of the advance payment.　

A nucleic acid testing company in East China, after half a year of completion, the government began negotiations. "The price given by the government is particularly low, and the company said that I will not do it. The government has only let go of a little bit, giving enterprises a little room for meager profits. " The insider said.　

Compared with selling test kits, third-party testing is actually a hard job, with high cost of samplers and high cost of bank loans. Low profit, relying on running water to support turnover.　

But for large companies, even if the cost of nucleic acid testing is not returned, the impact is not great. In the company where the above-mentioned people are located, nucleic acid testing only accounts for less than 1/5 of the company’s revenue."Such a large-scale company is easy to ask for money, with a dedicated business team and good government relations. If there are some problems, the government will have to go to the bottom and cannot be ruined. "　

Small companies are another extreme dilemma. "The running water can run well. If the cost is well controlled, it may be a little profitable, but if the cost is not well controlled, it is a running water with little profit." A practitioner lamented that in good times, although there are hundreds of thousands of running water a day, I really don’t know when this money can be recovered."The smaller the place, the more complex the network, the more difficult it is to collect money, and almost all the leaders go into battle in person. If you can’t get it back, you have to be the boss himself. "

–02–

Game between medical insurance and finance

Who will pay for nucleic acid testing has always been a difficult game. On May 26th, the National Medical Insurance Bureau officially stated that before the cost of normalized nucleic acid testing would be borne by local governments, the buyers in different places were different. In Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places with rich finances, the payment for nucleic acid testing is divided into two parts:If it is a nucleic acid screening organized by the government, it will be covered by the finance; The nucleic acid test in the hospital can be reimbursed by medical insurance.In some places, the cost of nucleic acid testing is jointly paid by medical insurance and finance.　

An industry source pointed out that according to the normalization requirement of nucleic acid detection every 48 hours, the medical insurance fund will run out every month in populous provinces like Shandong and Henan.The balance of medical insurance in Shandong Province and Henan Province is 12.8 billion yuan and 11.78 billion yuan respectively, with a population of 102 million and 99 million, which is only enough for 71 days and 68 days of nucleic acid detection.　

In some economically fragile areas, medical insurance funds have reached a bottleneck, and the time for paying premiums has been delayed again and again. In order to help enterprises tide over the difficulties, some areas have reduced the medical insurance rate, and the current fund income has been affected.

In a southern province, 70% of the personal medical insurance account and 30% of the financial account are for employees’ medical insurance. If it is residents’ medical insurance, the outpatient department will co-ordinate 70% and the financial department will pay 30%. This guidance was extremely difficult when it landed in a city under the province. The director of the city’s medical insurance bureau said frankly,"The medical insurance funds have been very tight, and the outpatient department co-ordinates this part. We are responsible for the hospital. If we have to give the people free nucleic acid within the scope of the contract, the hospital is under great pressure."　

He reported this situation to the mayor in charge, and the pressure on the medical insurance fund was relatively high. The mayor in charge of medical insurance also recognized this suggestion and adjusted the policy appropriately. All the nucleic acid expenses of inpatients and those who should be examined should be paid by the finance.　

The municipal finance promised at that time not to use the medical insurance fund for these expenses. But a month ago, the city’s finances could not support this expense.

“People in the financial department told us that finance is very difficult now and there is no money. I hope to implement the original policies of the province in a unified way. "After the National Medical Insurance Bureau officially stated that the cost of normalized nucleic acid testing will be borne by local governments, this burden has been put on finance again.

–03–

Local financial dilemma

There are too many loopholes to be filled by local finance. A third-class and second-class regional medical center in Shanghai earned 120 million yuan every month in the past. Starting from March, the monthly revenue will not exceed 10 million.The hospital will allocate funds for killing this part of the anti-epidemic materials, and the financial resources will also make up for the sharp drop in revenue.It seems to be a drop in the bucket, but as far as the financial department is concerned, it is already exhausted. A district government official in Shanghai said,"Finance is now going to protect the cost of nucleic acid, but also to protect people’s livelihood, daily government supplies, all of which are free. There is only such a piece of income, but the expenditure is constantly increasing. "

In Shanghai in 2021, it is impossible to predict that there will be such frequent screening this year, and write this public health expenditure into the government budget. The data is even more shocking. According to data from the Ministry of Finance,In April 2022, the national fiscal revenue, that is, the general public budget revenue, was about 1.2 trillion yuan, a sharp drop of 41.3% compared with the same period of last year.In 2021, the fiscal revenue of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) totaled 11,124.8 billion yuan, the fiscal expenditure was 20,986.2 billion yuan, and the new fiscal deficit was 9,861.4 billion yuan. Only eight provinces and cities have positive financial contributions, while the rest of the provinces have to rely on these eight provinces and cities and the central transfer payment to support them. Among them, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai account for half of the national net tax paid to the central government.

–04–

The price goes down again and again.

Between the departmental game and the dilemma, the price of nucleic acid testing has been lowered again and again, which seems to be a buffer zone, giving the finance a certain breathing space. The latest notice of the National Medical Insurance Bureau requires all localities to reduce the single-person detection of new coronavirus nucleic acid to no more than 16 yuan per person and the multi-person mixed detection to no more than 5 yuan per person before June 10th. For large-scale screening and normalization testing organized by the government, the testing institutions are required to provide services according to the 3.5 yuan of not more than one person for multi-person mixed inspection.

This is the fifth price adjustment in China. In January, 2021, the price of nucleic acid testing dropped from 120 yuan to 80 yuan. Five months later, 20 yuan was downgraded. From November, 2021, the national price of nucleic acid testing dropped below that of 40 yuan. By April this year, the price of single inspection was not higher than that of 28 yuan, and the price of multi-person mixed inspection was not higher than that of 8 yuan. The person in charge of the relevant departments of the National Medical Insurance Bureau stressed that the National Medical Insurance Bureau has fulfilled the function of managing the price of medical consumables, deployed medical insurance departments at all levels to adopt measures such as centralized procurement by inter-provincial alliances, competitive bidding and regional price linkage, and continuously introduced the prices of tested products into a lower range.　

However, for the third-party testing enterprises, it is a confused account how much to settle.

A company in Zhengzhou once received tasks from other cities. A staff member recalled that in an emergency, how much money to settle and how much sample size will not be explained in advance. There are only a few words on the other end of the phone."You are ready, and the samples will be delivered tomorrow."

After that, it is a long payment period.

A person in charge of an enterprise that has been in arrears for one year mentioned his concern, "When undertaking the task of nucleic acid detection last year, the unit price was in 60 yuan/time, and now it has dropped by two-thirds. If these outstanding payments are calculated at the new price, it is difficult for enterprises to survive. "

-　END –

introduction

A stream and B stream appear in turn, and the respiratory virus infection peaks. Have you been "recruited"? In the face of the menacing influenza virus, how can we fight this respiratory defense war well in preparation, fierce fighting and protracted war? What medicines can be kept at home during the flu season? When does oseltamivir work best?

In this issue, Yang Junchao, vice president of Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and director of respiratory medicine, is invited to send you a guide to influenza prevention and treatment.

If the flu is compared to a "battle", then the course can be divided into the following four stages: preparation for war (initial infection), fierce fighting (acute phase), protracted war (subacute phase) and post-war (recovery phase).

01

Prepare for war (initial stage of infection)

When a family member is infected with the flu, there are two key tasks in the early stage. One is to protect the infected person: during the infection period, it is necessary to make a healthy diet, drink a proper amount of water and replenish electrolytes in time after sweating.

The second key point is to protect the whole family environment, let infected people wear masks, keep them in an independent space, and do a good job of ventilation, and urge them to cover their nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing, so that healthy people can keep a distance of 1 to 1.5m from them.

Uninfected family members also need to pay attention to their own state at all times. If there are corresponding symptoms, some drugs can be used for prevention at an early stage. If there are no symptoms, some drugs such as Yupingfeng Powder can be used to improve their autoimmune function.

When early symptoms appear, it is necessary to distinguish between "cold" and "heat" before specific medication. For example, wind-cold colds are generally characterized by stuffy nose, runny nose and fear of cold, while wind-heat colds are characterized by breathing hot air, dry throat and sweating.

"Those who are cold are warm, and those who are hot are cold." Cold-cold colds need warm drugs such as Jingfang Granules and Jiuwei Qianghuo Granules, while wind-heat colds need cold drugs such as Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.

In addition to drug prevention, a balanced diet and adequate sleep can also play a role in preventing influenza.

02

Fierce fighting (acute phase)

The fierce fighting usually lasts for about 3 to 7 days. Once the epidemic virus infection is diagnosed, antiviral drugs should be used as soon as possible, and it is generally recommended to use them within 48 hours.

Some friends will worry about whether fever will develop into pneumonia or white lung at this stage. Dean Yang said that fever is a normal stage for the human body to fight viruses. If there are symptoms of systemic pain, non-carrier anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be used appropriately.

Oseltamivir and mabaloxavir (Sufuda) are specific antiviral drugs for influenza A and B, among which it should be noted that oseltamivir is suitable for children and adults over one year old, and mabaloxavir is suitable for children and adults over five years old.

Antiviral drugs can effectively inhibit virus growth and replication, so it is recommended that you use antiviral drugs as soon as the flu is diagnosed.

In addition, antiviral drugs have certain side effects, and Dean Yang does not recommend that you use them yourself without diagnosis.

03

Protracted war (subacute stage)

The stage of influenza high fever is not long, but there will be repeated low fever, cough and poor mental state in the later stage. Dean Yang said that the repair of bronchial mucosa also takes time. Cough, dry throat, itching and pain are normal at this stage, but attention should be paid to diet and daily life.

In addition, some friends will have headaches. Chinese medicine believes that headaches are a symptom, which can be relieved by massaging Fengchi, Zusanli and Quchi, and nasal congestion and runny nose can be relieved by massaging Yingxiang.

04

Post-war (recovery period)

Although the body has basically recovered at this stage, we still can’t take it lightly, otherwise it is prone to repeated illness.

Dean Yang said that the period from winter to early spring is a period of high incidence of respiratory viruses. In addition to influenza A and B, there are also coronavirus infections. Everyone should adhere to a healthy lifestyle and improve their immunity, especially avoiding overwork and staying up late.

For more exciting content, please click to browse the full video ↓↓↓

For more information, please read and browse "How to Deal with Respiratory Virus Infection: A Manual of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Home Self-rehabilitation", and call 0571-85166805 for ordering.

Source | Health Grand Doctor

Original title: "Learn to share the four stages of influenza, how to deal with it scientifically?" Influenza prevention and control guide, to help you fight this respiratory defense war! 》

Read the original text

　　CCTV News:Recently, the Ministry of Education, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, issued the "Reform Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of Discipline and Specialty Settings in General Higher Education" (hereinafter referred to as the "Reform Plan"), and made arrangements for the adjustment and optimization of discipline and specialty settings in higher education.

　　The Reform Plan comprehensively implements the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, further implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on deepening the reform of the discipline and specialty system of higher education in the new era, accelerates the adjustment and optimization of the discipline and specialty structure, promotes the high-quality development of higher education, and serves to support Chinese modernization.

　　The "Reform Plan" emphasizes that the adjustment, optimization and reform of disciplines and specialties should face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, guide universities to strive for first-class in their respective fields, and take the road of independent training of talents. The "Reform Plan" puts forward the reform ideas and principles of serving the country’s development, highlighting the advantages and characteristics, and strengthening coordination and linkage, and defines the relatively quantitative short-term goal by 2025 and the long-term goal by 2035.

　　The "Reform Plan" adheres to the problem orientation, focuses on personnel training, and clarifies the adjustment and optimization of disciplines and specialties, what to change, how to change it, and who will change it. Aiming at the three main bodies of the adjustment and optimization reform of disciplines and specialties, this paper puts forward a series of targeted and operable reform measures around how to plan and set up at the school level, how to coordinate management at the provincial level and how to macro-control at the national level. At the school level, it is necessary to strengthen the development planning of disciplines and specialties, accelerate the construction of first-class disciplines, deepen the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural science, new liberal arts and basic disciplines, and improve the quality assurance mechanism of discipline and specialty construction. At the provincial level, it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of disciplines and specialties, strictly check and evaluate disciplines and specialties, and evaluate the demand and use of talents. At the national level, it is necessary to give full play to the guiding role of the discipline and specialty catalogue, improve the discipline and specialty management system, strengthen the construction and application of discipline and specialty standards, strengthen the demonstration and guidance, implement the "national urgent need for high-level talent training special project", strengthen the construction of professional colleges, and improve the linkage mechanism between discipline and specialty adjustment and talent demand.

　　The "Reform Plan" requires local colleges and universities to study and formulate the implementation plan of discipline and specialty reform according to the reform plan and the actual situation of the local school, and report the implementation of the implementation plan every year in combination with the annual discipline and specialty setting.

Adjustment and optimization of discipline and specialty setting in general higher education

the reform program

　　Discipline is the core pillar of the higher education system and the basic platform for talent training. The structure and quality of discipline directly affect the effectiveness of moral education in colleges and universities and the ability of higher education to serve the high-quality development of economy and society. In order to further adjust and optimize the discipline and specialty structure, promote the high-quality development of higher education, and support the Chinese modernization drive, the following reform plan is formulated.

　　I. General requirements

　　1. Guiding ideology. Thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, comprehensively implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on education, completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, face the main battlefield of the economy, face the major needs of the country, face people’s lives and health, promote colleges and universities to actively adapt to the needs of economic and social development, deepen the supply-side reform of disciplines and majors, comprehensively improve the quality of independent training of talents, and build a high-quality higher education system.

　　2. Working principles

　　— — Serve national development. Guided by serving the high-quality development of the economy and society, we should think about what the country thinks, what is urgent for the country, and what the country needs, and build disciplines and majors that are urgently needed for building a strong national strategy and regional development.

　　— — Highlight the advantages and characteristics. Guided by the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural science and new liberal arts, we will strengthen the dominant disciplines and form a highland for talent training; Do a good job in characteristic disciplines and realize classified development and characteristic development.

　　— — Strengthen collaborative linkage. Strengthen the linkage between the education system and industry departments, strengthen the coordination of talent demand prediction, early warning, training and evaluation, and realize the matching and mutual promotion between disciplines and specialties and industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain.

　　3. Work objectives

　　By 2025, we will optimize and adjust the distribution of about 20% disciplines in colleges and universities, set up a number of disciplines that adapt to new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, and eliminate disciplines that do not adapt to economic and social development; The proportion of undergraduate majors in basic disciplines, especially science and basic medicine, has further increased; Build about 10,000 national first-class professional points and about 300 top-notch student training bases in basic disciplines; Make breakthroughs in disciplines that have certain international influence and play an important role in serving the country’s major strategic needs, and form a large number of specialty clusters with distinctive advantages; We will build a number of future technical colleges, modern industrial colleges, high-level public health colleges and excellent engineer colleges, and build a number of colleges with professional characteristics, which will significantly improve the ability of independent training of talents. By 2035, the discipline structure of higher education will be more coordinated, the characteristics will be more prominent, and the optimization and adjustment mechanism will be more perfect, forming an independent training system for high-level talents, which will strongly support the construction of a first-class talent phalanx and a first-class university system, realize the high-quality development of higher education, and build a powerful country in higher education.

　　Second, improve the setting, adjustment and construction of disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities

　　4. Strengthen the development planning of disciplines and specialties. Colleges and universities should scientifically formulate medium-and long-term plans for the development of disciplines and majors, actively adapt to the needs of national and regional economic and social development, knowledge innovation, scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading, and do a good job in the optimization, adjustment, upgrading, replacement and new construction of disciplines and majors. It is necessary to unify the discipline and specialty planning with the school career development planning, establish and improve the working system, and conduct a special study on the adjustment of discipline and specialty setting in our school every year according to the needs of social talents, the orientation and conditions of running a school.

　　5. Accelerate the construction of first-class disciplines. Colleges and universities should break away from convention, serve the country’s major strategic needs, focus on the world’s scientific frontiers, key technical fields, inherit and carry forward the excellent Chinese culture, and serve the new fields and new directions of governing the country, so as to create a benchmark discipline with China characteristics. It is necessary to break down the barriers of disciplines, deepen the cross-disciplinary integration, innovate the discipline organization mode, reform the talent training mode, cultivate outstanding young talent teams, deepen international exchanges and cooperation, improve the multi-channel resource raising mechanism, and build an innovative platform for the integration of science, education and production.

　　6. Deepen the construction of new engineering courses. Actively adapt to the trend of industrial development, actively serve the strategy of manufacturing a strong country, deepen the construction of new engineering and accelerate the structural adjustment of disciplines around "new engineering majors and new requirements of engineering majors". All-factor transformation and upgrading of existing engineering majors will integrate the frontier achievements and latest requirements of related disciplines into the talent training program and teaching process. Intensify the construction of major national strategies, strategic emerging industries, regional pillar industries and other related disciplines, and create distinctive and synergistic disciplines and professional clusters. Promote the cross-integration of existing engineering, the cross-integration of engineering and other disciplines, the extension of applied science to engineering, form a new interdisciplinary specialty, and cultivate new engineering fields.

　　7. Strengthen the construction of new medicine. Facing people’s life and health, we should implement the concept of "great health" and accelerate the construction of a medical discipline professional system that serves the whole life cycle and health process. Focus on the concept content, methods and techniques, standard evaluation, etc., and comprehensively transform and upgrade the existing medical specialty. Actively adapt to the new development of medicine and the new development of health industry, and lay out the shortage of specialties in the fields of intelligent medicine, internet medical care and medical devices. Aim at the forefront of medical science and technology development, vigorously promote the deep cross-integration of medical science and science, engineering, liberal arts and other disciplines, and cultivate emerging disciplines such as "medicine+X" and "X+medicine".

　　8. Promote the construction of new agricultural science. Facing the new countryside, new agriculture, new farmers and new ecology, we will promote the supply-side reform of agriculture and forestry disciplines and serve to support agricultural transformation and upgrading and rural revitalization. Adapt to the new requirements of the new round of scientific and technological revolution for personnel training, and actively use modern biotechnology, information technology and engineering technology to transform and upgrade the existing agriculture-related disciplines. Serve the strategic needs of national seed industry security, cultivated land protection and construction, modern agricultural development, ecosystem management, rural construction, and the development of new industries and formats such as forest health and green low carbon, and set up specialties in key areas such as biological breeding, smart cultivated land, seed science and engineering, agricultural and forestry intelligent equipment, and rural planning and design. Actively promote the deep cross-integration, innovation and development of agriculture, agriculture, agriculture, medicine and agriculture, and cultivate emerging agriculture-related disciplines.

　　9. Accelerate the construction of new liberal arts. Construct philosophy and social science with China characteristics, construct China’s independent knowledge system, try to answer China’s question, the question of the world, the question of the people and the question of the times, and highlight the road of China, the rule of China and the theory of China. Promote the cross-integration of liberal arts, liberal arts and science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, actively develop emerging liberal arts majors, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the original liberal arts majors. Strengthen the construction of major related to foreign-related personnel training in key areas, build a training base for foreign-related legal talents and key language talents, and actively serve the country’s soft power promotion and cultural prosperity and development. Promote the digital transformation of liberal arts majors, deepen the reform of the curriculum system and teaching content of liberal arts majors, achieve the unity of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability training, and create the China paradigm of liberal arts education.

　　10. Strengthen the construction of basic disciplines. Strengthen the majors of basic science disciplines such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, and moderately expand the layout of disciplines such as astronomy that are in short supply. Accurately promote the specialty construction of basic medicine (including pharmacy) and promote the integrated 8-year clinical medical education reform of basic and clinical integration. Systematically promote the construction of basic liberal arts disciplines such as philosophy and history, and promote the formation of China School of Philosophy and Social Sciences. Promote multidisciplinary cross-integration. Adapt to the requirements of "strengthening foundation, attaching importance to application and cultivating characteristics" and promote the cultivation of basic and applied talents by classification. High-level research universities should strengthen the training of basic research talents; Local colleges and universities should broaden the application of basic disciplines, build a "basic+application" compound training system, and explore the establishment of "basic disciplines+"minor bachelor’s degree and double bachelor’s degree programs.

　　11. Improve the quality assurance mechanism for discipline construction. Colleges and universities should follow the principle of "wide before deep" in talent training, formulate scientific and standardized talent training programs, systematically design the curriculum system, and fully equip and strengthen the teaching staff, teaching conditions, practice bases, etc. to ensure the implementation of talent training programs. Regularly carry out the self-evaluation of disciplines and specialties, establish and improve the annual reporting system of discipline and specialty construction quality, systematically report the overall situation of discipline and specialty construction and adjustment, sub-discipline construction, service economic and social development, etc., and actively and publicly accept social supervision.

　　Three, strengthen the overall planning and management of provincial disciplines.

　　12. Strengthen the overall planning of disciplines and specialties. Provincial education administrative departments and relevant departments (units) of the education department (bureau) should do a good job in the development planning of disciplines and majors in local and departmental colleges and universities, and guide local and departmental colleges and universities to do a good job in setting up disciplines and majors. Comprehensive application of planning, information service, policy guidance, resource allocation, etc., to promote the optimization of discipline and specialty structure of affiliated universities. Strengthen the overall planning of provincial degree committees and promote the dynamic adjustment of degree authorization points by degree-granting units; Give full play to the independent audit function of degree authorization, and promote independent audit units to optimize the layout structure of existing degree authorization points.

　　13. Strict discipline inspection and evaluation. Provincial education administrative departments should check the basic conditions for running schools, teachers, practice conditions, students’ satisfaction, and enrollment standardization of newly established disciplines and majors in colleges and universities according to relevant standards, and restrict enrollment and make rectification within a time limit for those who fail to meet the conditions. Regularly carry out quality inspection of discipline and specialty construction, and order to suspend enrollment and make rectification within a time limit if the conditions for running schools are seriously insufficient, the teaching quality is low and the employment rate is too low.

　　14 to carry out talent demand and use evaluation. The relevant industry departments at the national and provincial levels should take the initiative to carry out industry talent demand forecasting, graduate employment feedback early warning and talent use evaluation, and timely release regional and relevant key industries and industry talent demand. Provincial education administrative departments should actively carry out the evaluation of the matching degree between disciplines and majors in colleges and universities and regional development needs, and timely publish the list of disciplines and majors with local priority development and suspended development. Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of enrollment, training and employment. Encourage industry enterprises to participate in the revision and implementation of talent training programs in colleges and universities.

　　Fourth, optimize the national macro-control mechanism of disciplines and majors

　　15. Give full play to the guiding role of discipline and specialty catalogue. Implement the new version of the professional catalogue of postgraduate education disciplines, improve the first-level discipline setting, actively develop professional degrees, compile the guidance catalogue of two disciplines and professional fields, and actively develop emerging interdisciplinary disciplines. Revise the catalogue of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities, and dynamically adjust the catalogue of undergraduate majors and ad hoc majors controlled by the state according to the changes in economic and social development needs.

　　16. Improve the discipline management system. Implement the measures for the management of the catalogue of postgraduate education disciplines and the measures for the establishment and management of interdisciplinary subjects. Regularly compile a list of urgently needed disciplines and majors to guide development. Revise the regulations on the management of undergraduate majors, explore the establishment of a pre-adjustment system for majors, and make it clear that colleges and universities applying for filing (approval) majors must be included in the school development plan, and in principle, pre-filing (declaration) should be carried out one year in advance. Strengthen the adjustment of discipline and specialty stock and improve the exit mechanism. The majors that have not been enrolled in colleges and universities for five consecutive years shall be revoked.

　　17. Strengthen the construction and application of discipline and professional standards. We will improve the basic conditions and requirements for the examination of degree authorization, carry out the examination of the authorization points of doctoral and master’s degrees, improve the teaching quality standards of undergraduate majors, grasp the bottom line of the quality of discipline and specialty construction, and promote colleges and universities to improve the talent training plan according to the standards and the actual situation of talent training. Give full play to the role of expert organizations such as the Discipline Appraisal Group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, the National Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Steering Committee and the Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education, and actively carry out guidance and quality supervision on the construction of disciplines and specialties.

　　18. Strengthen demonstration and guidance. In-depth implementation of the first-class discipline training action and the "Double Ten Thousand Plan" for the construction of first-class undergraduate majors, and set a benchmark for the construction of disciplines and majors. To promote classified evaluation, basic disciplines emphasize the integration of science and education, and applied disciplines emphasize the integration of production and education, so as to guide different types of disciplines to achieve characteristics and levels. We will carry out three-level undergraduate professional certification to ensure qualification, improve level and pursue Excellence.

　　19 in-depth implementation of the "national urgent need for high-level personnel training special". Coordinate the construction of resources such as universities, leading enterprises and key institutes, innovate the modes of enrollment, training, management and evaluation, lay out a number of urgently needed disciplines and specialties, build a number of high-level talent training bases, form a more complete high-quality talent training system, and significantly improve the independent training ability of high-level talents.

　　20. Strengthen the construction of professional colleges. Build about 30 future technical colleges in universities with good discipline and professional foundation and strong overall strength; Build about 300 modern industrial colleges in universities with distinctive industry characteristics and close ties with the industry; Relying on the layout of relevant universities to build a number of high-level public health colleges. Support colleges and universities to build professional colleges with characteristics, such as demonstration integrated circuit college, characteristic demonstration software college, first-class network security college, demonstration cryptography college, demonstration energy college, energy storage technology college, smart agriculture college, foreign-related law college, and international organization college. Promote professional (industry-specific) colleges and universities to further improve the level of running schools with characteristics.

　　21. Improve the linkage mechanism between discipline adjustment and talent demand. Human resources, social security and relevant industry departments should vigorously support the construction of disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities, establish and improve the mechanism of talent prediction and early warning, establish a database of talent demand, timely release the demand for talents in key industries to the society, and set up early warning for disciplines and specialties in industries with less demand for talents.

　　22. Pay close attention to the implementation of "one school, one case". Colleges and universities around the country should study and formulate the implementation plan of discipline and specialty reform according to the reform plan and the actual situation of the local school and the principle of "one school, one case". The plan of local colleges and universities shall be reported to the provincial education administrative department for the record, and the universities affiliated to other central departments shall be reported to the Ministry of Education for the record with the consent of the competent department, and the implementation plans of directly affiliated universities and localities shall be reported to the Ministry of Education for the record. Colleges and universities around the country should report the implementation of the implementation plan before the end of September each year in combination with the annual discipline and specialty setting.

Special feature of 1905 film network In the 31st week of 2022 (August 1st-August 7th), the popularity of summer stalls continued to climb, and the box office in a single week reached 1.4 billion. Among them, 1 billion yuan was earned in a single week, and there is no suspense to win the weekly list. At present, the cumulative box office has also exceeded 2 billion. The week coincides with the "Qixi Festival". Although August 4 is a working day, the box office on that day still reached a peak of 384 million in a week, a substantial increase of 90% over the same period last year.

Moon Man’s one billion yuan a week drives the schedule to rise.

Many new films have been opened in the past week, but no one can shake Moon Man’s hegemony. In the next week, the film’s gold absorption rate did not slow down, winning 1 billion box office again and continuing to win the weekly list. Driven by popular movies, the single-day box office in this week has also remained above 100 million yuan. At present, the weekly box office of 1.4 billion in the 31st week is the best record of this year after the Spring Festival, and the cumulative box office in Moon Man has successfully exceeded 2 billion.

This week’s box office runner-up also belongs to a "futuristic" film — — . The film, starring,, and others, revolves around the story of Louis Koo’s "obsession" with the mecha for many years. Under the pressure of Moon Man’s strong performance, the box office of the film was 200 million in the first week, but there is still hope that the story of tomorrow will continue to attract audiences with its theme and word-of-mouth fermentation.

Apart from the macro-level "summer file", there is also the "Qixi Festival" in this week. Although it was a working day, the market reached a peak of 384 million on August 4. Two films focusing on the theme of youth love both chose to start painting on this special date, but they are not competitive in the market. "Meet You" got about 50 million box office on the same day, while the latter only accounted for 10 million. However, the performance of 384 million Tanabata files has nearly doubled compared with the same period last year.

Week 32: A number of new films entered the market. Can the highly anticipated films be played?

In the new week, in addition to several hit old films, many new films that sell well will also be released in the market. On August 12th, the assembled actors, such as,,, and so on, had a "fairy fight", and the day after that, the high-profile Broken Bridge was released, and the audience must be looking forward to what kind of sparks they could collide with. Whether this zhou ying fever can continue depends on them!

　　Home appliances are the common memory carrier of several generations in China and play an important role in the lives of Chinese people. From the "old three", to the traditional home appliances with the whole house, to the emerging smart home appliance set, China’s home appliance industry has completed the transformation from following and running to leading, leading the world with intelligent technology.

　　Recently, CCTV’s "Focus Interview" focused on the development of China’s smart home appliance industry, taking Haier, a leading home appliance company, as an example to demonstrate the new form of cutting-edge technology in China’s smart home appliances and how to achieve innovation leadership globally.

　　Leap: Leading the world’s home appliance consumption trend

　　When you come home after a busy day and say, "Hi, I’m back", the central control system of the smart home will be awakened, "Welcome home", and the home mode will be turned on: the curtains are slowly closed, the soft light is slowly turned on; if you want to eat steak when you are hungry, just shout to the AI cooking assistant: "I want to make grilled steak", the intelligent assistant will open the recipe intimately, and the oven will automatically start the preheating mode…

　　This is the familiar new scenario of China’s smart home, in which smart home appliances are indispensable.

　　The GFK2022 China Smart Home Appliances Market Development Report pointed out that the global penetration rate of smart home appliances was 37% in the first half of 2022, while China reached 50%. This figure is still growing.

　　Forty years ago, when reform and opening up had just begun, home appliances were mostly "imported". Although Chinese consumers were excited about home appliances, they were often turned away by the "hard-to-get-a-vote" situation. Today, this situation has been rewritten. With its efficient, high-quality and competitive products, China’s manufacturing industry has become one of the largest manufacturing countries in the world.

　　In 2023, the China Household Appliances Research Institute conducted brand evaluation of 15 major household appliances. The results showed that in almost all categories, the brands favored by Chinese consumers are our country’s own brands. Chinese household appliances not only meet domestic demand, but also have rapidly entered the world stage, occupying a large share in the international market. At present, China’s leading household appliance companies Haier and Xiaomi have ranked among the Fortune 500, and continue to lead the world’s household appliance consumption trend. Taking Haier as an example, it has laid out 35 industrial parks, 138 manufacturing centers, and 7 high-end brand clusters around the world. It has entered more than 200 countries and regions around the world, serving 1 billion + user families, and has ranked first in the retail volume of large household appliance brands in the world for 14 consecutive times.

　　Leading: Market and technology two-wheel drive

　　Liu Ting, president of the China Household Electrical Appliances Research Institute, mentioned that "our Chinese companies are closer to Chinese consumers. Where are the pain points of Chinese consumers? It can understand best."

　　For example, in response to the high temperature resistance demand of hot pot restaurant owners for air conditioners, Haier developed a "hot pot air conditioner" equipped with Cool Core Bridge technology, which does not stop at 62 ° C; in response to the pain points of washing machines that cannot clean deep dirt, Haier developed an "essence washing" washing machine equipped with "essence direct injection" technology, achieving 5 times infiltration, and achieving the cleaning effect of an ordinary washing machine in 62 minutes in 39 minutes…

　　According to the people’s needs for a better life, the development of corresponding products and their smooth implementation are inseparable from the two-wheel drive of the market and technology.

　　First, market demand drives technological innovation.

　　The "China Home Appliance Industry Belt White Paper" released by Yibang Think ********tioned that China’s home appliance industry has fully entered a new stage of consumer-led "user-driven", placing user experience in an important position, taking users as the foundation of innovation and the direction of research and development, landing a number of technology products that adapt to market demand, creating an "innovation-friendly market", and transforming to "market-driven innovation".

　　Then how to listen to the voices of users, Haier’s answer is quite representative. A washing machine that can wash sweet potatoes is the demand of users in Sichuan; a washing machine that can wash robes is the demand of users in the Middle East; a self-cleaning bacteriostatic air conditioner is the demand of users in Thailand; an ultra-thin refrigerator is the demand of users in Japan; a vaccine storage box powered by solar energy is the demand of users in Africa… These needs from users around the world are regarded by Haier as "valuable ideas" and have become hot-selling products in the market through technological innovation. This group of "non-staff R & D personnel" composed of countless Haier users is located in every corner of the world. They have different occupations and interests, but they have a common identity in Haier – "Haier User Honorary Development Group".

　　Not only that, Haier’s open innovation platform HOPE realizes online and offline dual interaction between global R & D personnel and users through "micro-insights", and countless innovations based on user requests are born.

　　Secondly, technological innovation creates market demand. With market demand, but without the ability to achieve Product Research & Development, it is ultimately empty talk. If market-generated demand is the foundation, then technology is the most powerful support for implementing demand. Technology is the base color of product innovation and an inexhaustible engine for China’s home appliances to achieve a leap.

　　In 2021, the only national-level innovation center in the field of high-end smart home appliances, the National High-end Intelligent Home Appliances Innovation Center, was officially approved by MIIT. The main shareholders are leading enterprises in the industry and upstream and downstream partners such as Haier and China Home Appliance Research Institute. Focusing on core technology research and transformation of scientific and technological achievements at the national level has injected inexhaustible momentum into the continued global development of Chinese home appliances.

　　Today, China’s smart home appliances have broken through many stuck neck technologies around the world, and original technology has achieved global leadership. Haier washing machine’s 3D perspective drying technology, "essence direct injection" technology, etc., refrigerator’s bottom constant temperature preservation technology, oxygen barrier dry and wet storage technology, etc., air conditioner’s cool core bridge technology, variable diversion technology, etc. have achieved global breakthroughs… Data show that the patents authorized by major home appliance companies in our country have increased from less than 1,000 in 2001 to more than 35,000 in 2022.

　　Yu Guoxin, executive deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Digital Home Appliances and chief engineer of Haier’s Advanced Innovation Center, introduced that in June 2020, Haier took the lead in proposing the IEC international preservation standard in the world, completely rewriting the previous evaluation standard that only focused on the cooling effect of refrigerators. For the first time, the industry has shifted the evaluation dimension to the preservation effect on a global scale, and has been adopted and transformed by more than 20 countries, becoming a reference indicator for global users to buy refrigerators. He said that the internationalization of standards also fully reflects the national competitiveness. It is precisely because of these perfect standard systems and a number of Chinese standards that lead the world that Chinese home appliances have firmly established themselves in the global industrial highland.

　　Technological innovation creates new market demand and is tested by the market at the same time. The whole process of China’s home appliance innovation is a spiral process, guided by the two double helix forces of "technological progress" and "market demand". "Technology comes from the user and returns to the user."

　　Looking back at the 40-year development history of the industry, from following and leading, Chinese home appliances have never been afraid to compete with international brands. In the process of fighting, Chinese brands have become more and more confident, making a brilliant milestone in the global market for smart appliances, and continue to move forward with a zero mentality.

On April 20, Hot Cube officially launched the activity of "May Day Dressing for Floor Heating, Live Broadcasting of Hundred Regiments", and a three-day live broadcast feast kicked off.

Hundreds of people broadcast live, and the floor heater speeds up the circle.

This live broadcast event is unprecedented in scale, bringing together 300 hot cube dealers. At the same time, it appeared on mainstream platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok and Video Number, and started broadcasting at 7 o’clock every night on time, warmly recommending hot cube floor heaters to netizens.

In just two days, the index of the whole network of the hot cubic floor heater soared rapidly, and the increase rate exceeded 110%, showing consumers’ great enthusiasm and attention to the hot cubic floor heater.

Short video marketing campaign 51, floor heating machine with old for new.

This 100-group live test is one of the highlights of the 51 promotion of the hot cube floor heater.

In May this year, in response to the Action Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and other 14 departments, Hot Cube launched a nationwide campaign of "Trade-in of floor heaters and exclusive subsidy of 1,000 yuan" to encourage consumers to switch to smart, green and low-carbon hot cube floor heaters.

Household appliances are not only household necessities, but also related to national energy conservation, emission reduction and green development. With the help of short video marketing, Hot Cube attracts more consumers to know about the hot cube floor heating machine and participates in the "trade-in" activity of the floor heating machine.

Launched the Star Project nationwide to help transform offline profits.

"In just one week, I increased my salary by 1000+, attracting 300+ to stay."

"HVAC search ranked first in the same city"

In addition to the popular "Hundred Regiments Live Battle" on the whole network, Hot Cube also launched the "Stars Project" national tour training.

Hot Cube’s short video marketing team is distributed all over the country. Through peer-to-peer training, answering questions and practical guidance, it provides targeted support for major stores, helps dealers to establish a new media matrix, and uses short videos as contacts to open up the communication interface between hot cube floor heaters and consumers.

Today, Hot Cube has taken another step in the ecological layout of brand new media.

In the future, Hot Cube will continue to adhere to the concept of green, intelligent and low-carbon, constantly innovate products, improve service quality, and bring more comfortable and healthy living environment to consumers. At the same time, Hot Cube will continue to deepen the interaction with consumers through diversified marketing activities, so that more people can understand and choose the hot cube floor heater and enjoy a green and warm life.

Disclaimer: The market is risky, so you should be careful when choosing! This article is for reference only, not as a basis for trading.

Key words:

For several days, Ms. Zheng, a Sichuan businessman, has been looking for the goods she sent to Fuzhou. Recently, she told The Paper that she made an online delivery by truck, but before the goods were delivered, the driver blacked her out and the goods were once missing. When she prepared the materials to reproduce a batch of goods and compensate the buyer, the previous goods finally fell. At this time, it was a week since the agreed delivery time, but the delivery driver still disappeared.

Damaged bamboo furniture Photo courtesy of Ms. Zheng

Ms. Zheng told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that she had booked the truck on the platform of Yuman, but the driver of the truck still couldn’t get in touch. The full platform replied that "this person can’t be contacted" and "you can sue him".

According to Ms. Zheng, she is a handmade bamboo furniture manufacturer in Meishan, Sichuan. The total value of this batch of furniture sent to Fuzhou is nearly 60,000 yuan.

On October 16th, she booked a driver on the "Yun Man Man" freight network platform to ship the furniture to Fuzhou in the form of "to pay the freight". Two days later, the buyer had not seen the goods, but the driver began to ask her for the freight. After she refused, the truck driver and the goods once disappeared.

Screenshot of Ms. Zheng’s order on the full platform.

The screenshot of the reservation for the "YumanMan" platform provided by Ms. Zheng shows that on October 16th, she released a delivery order on the YumanMan platform, which was received by a master named Feng. The delivery plan is: the delivery will start at 17:00 on October 16th and arrive in Fuzhou at 5:15 on the 18th.

However, Ms. Zheng said that it was Master Feng who took the order, but Master Liu who came to pull the goods. At that time, considering that they might be together or partners, she didn’t think much, thinking that as long as the goods were delivered, she didn’t care.

The picture of the handwritten delivery order provided by Ms. Zheng shows that "to pay the freight" is marked in the document, and the freight is 3,800 yuan. There are two documents, one for Ms. Zheng and one for Master Liu. Ms. Zheng said that to pay the freight was also agreed between her and the buyer.

On the 18th, Master Liu sent a message to Ms. Zheng, saying, "The goods have arrived (in Fuzhou), so please arrange the freight." Ms. Zheng said that she immediately asked Master Liu about the specific location of the goods. Master Liu only said "received the freight delivery" and did not tell the specific location of the goods. She was already very worried at that time.

So, Ms. Zheng said to Master Liu: "If you don’t see the goods, you won’t be paid. When the goods arrive, you won’t be short of one point." Ms. Zheng said that the customer did not receive the goods at that time, and Master Liu refused to tell the specific location of the goods, and the two sides were deadlocked.

Ms. Zheng said that it had been made clear in advance that the buyer would pay the freight after the goods were delivered, and Master Liu also recognized this agreement when receiving the goods. I don’t know why he suddenly changed his mind and came to ask her for the freight, and it was before the buyer received the goods.

On October 20, Ms. Zheng reported the situation to the police in Qingshen County, Sichuan Province. She said that the police contacted Master Liu, who promised to deliver the goods to the customer two hours after receiving the freight, and said that the goods are now located in Mawei District, Fuzhou. She asked Master Liu to shoot the video near Mawei District and the current situation of furniture, but the other party only sent photos of the furniture on the truck. No photos or videos were sent to prove that he had arrived in Mawei District.

Ms. Zheng said that after hearing that the goods had arrived in Mawei District of Fuzhou, the Fuzhou consignee also drove to the address provided by Master Liu to look for it, but it was not found. After repeated negotiations failed, on the 22nd, Master Liu blacked her out, and she could only report the situation to the platform of Yun Man Man, but the platform said that Master Liu could not be contacted. Ms. Zheng said that she complained to the Yunman platform many times, and the platform finally contacted her, saying that she could not contact this person and asked her to report (call the police).

Ms. Zheng said that the driver and the goods have disappeared for several days, and the customers have been urging. She felt that the goods could not be found for the time being, so she worked overtime to organize materials and prepared to re-produce a batch of compensation to customers. "I was so anxious that I couldn’t sleep for a few days, because it was a handmade product with complicated technological process that I couldn’t do it well in half a month."

Ms. Zheng said that on October 24, a special freight line called to indicate that the goods had been delivered to Fuzhou, but the buyer said that he had not received the goods. It was not until the 26th that the buyer sent a message that he had received the goods. But by this time, all the materials they reorganized had been put in place and cut out.

The buyer then sent photos of damaged furniture, but didn’t say a word to her. Ms. Zheng said that she thought this customer must have offended, but fortunately, the other party did not ask for a full exchange of goods, which made her breathe a sigh of relief, at least the loss was much smaller. She hasn’t decided what to do with this batch of materials worth more than 20 thousand.

Ms. Zheng believes that the full platform should bear some responsibility for this.

On October 26th, The Paper tried to contact Yunmanman platform for many times, but all the people who answered the phone were intelligent voice services. After booking the artificial service, the people who called back were still intelligent voice. The Paper tried many times, and found that the intelligent voice service system of this platform could not answer related questions at all. Ms. Zheng provided The Paper with the phone number used by the platform to contact her, but the call back was still intelligent voice.

According to public information, Yunmanman was established in 2013 and belongs to Jiangsu Manyun Software Technology Co., Ltd., which is a domestic freight dispatching platform based on cloud computing, big data, mobile Internet and artificial intelligence technology.

　　The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China will be held in Beijing from October 24th to 27th. At that time, the plenary session will review the draft document of the Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC). Inner-party supervision is one of the key measures to keep the party healthy and purify the political ecology. Only by strengthening inner-party supervision, bearing in mind that the right must be responsible and the right to use it is supervised, can we move forward, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the party. The micro-platform of the Party Construction Network has sorted out some important expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on strengthening inner-party supervision, and studied together!　

　　Why emphasize supervision?

　　The party must be strict.

　　If the party is not well managed and lax, and the outstanding problems within the party that are strongly reflected by the people are not solved, then our party will lose its ruling qualification sooner or later and will inevitably be eliminated by history. To manage the party, we must be strict with the word, implement strict requirements in the whole process, and be really strict, dare to be strict, and be long-term and strict.

　　— — On July 1, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the celebration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC).　　

　　The more powerful party member cadres are, the more they should be managed and supervised.

　　The more powerful cadres in party member are, the more they are subject to strict management and supervision. It is not enough to touch the tiger’s ass. We should not neglect the selection, employment and management of people. One of the big problems now is that the people who choose people don’t care about people, don’t supervise people, and some party committees don’t care about supervision. When cadres have an accident, they will be handed over to the Commission for Discipline Inspection. This is not acceptable. Party committees should shoulder the main responsibility of building a clean and honest party style, choose and use cadres well, and manage cadres well.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 13th, 2015　

　　Accountability for supervision and discipline is the fundamental responsibility given to the discipline inspection organs by party constitution.

　　Accountability for supervision and discipline is the fundamental duty entrusted to the discipline inspection organs by party constitution. Disciplinary committees at all levels should identify the functional orientation in the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, strengthen supervision and discipline, and increase accountability. It is necessary to take the opportunity of implementing the Code of Integrity and Self-discipline in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC), explore and establish an effective mechanism that does not dare to corrupt, cannot corrupt and does not want to corrupt, and provide a strong discipline guarantee for promoting the comprehensive and strict administration of the party and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout.

　　— — On October 8, 2015, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the 119th meeting of the 18th The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) when deliberating the revised draft of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s clean government guidelines and disciplinary regulations.

　　The power without supervision will inevitably lead to corruption.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the regular management and supervision of cadres and form strict constraints on cadres. It is an iron law that power without supervision will inevitably lead to corruption. It is not easy to train cadres organizationally. It is necessary to manage and supervise them well, so that they will always be alert to walking on thin ice.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the National Organizational Work Conference on June 28, 2013

What is the key content of supervision?

　　Abide by the party’s constitution and other internal laws and regulations, safeguard the authority of the central government, and implement the party’s line, principles and policies, as well as the resolutions, decisions and work arrangements of party organizations at higher levels;

　　Abide by the Constitution and laws, and adhere to the rule of law;

　　The implementation of democratic centralism;

　　Protection of rights in party member;

　　The implementation of the relevant provisions of the party and the state in the selection and appointment of cadres;

　　Close contact with the masses to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the people;

　　Integrity and self-discipline and grasping the construction of a clean and honest party style.

How to strengthen supervision

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and adhere to democratic centralism

　　To strengthen inner-party supervision, we must adhere to, improve and implement democratic centralism, organically combine centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance, fully mobilize the supervision of superiors to subordinates, among peers and subordinates to superiors, and ensure that inner-party supervision is implemented and effective.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 12, 2016

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and do a good job in the top-level design of the supervision system.

　　It is necessary to combine inner-party supervision with state supervision and mass supervision, and coordinate with legal supervision, democratic supervision, audit supervision, judicial supervision and public opinion supervision to form a joint force of supervision and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 12, 2016

　　Party organizations at all levels should conscientiously act according to party constitution, strictly regulate the management and supervision of party organizations, party member cadres, especially leading cadres, and inner-party political life, systematize the content, improve the measures, and link up the links so as not to miss people, lack items, or lose links, so that existing problems can be discovered in time, problems found can be solved in time, and a problem can be solved by analogy.

　　— — November 1, 2014 — On the 2 nd, the supreme leader stressed during the investigation in Fujian.

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and seize the "key minority"

　　Party organizations at all levels should set up more supervision "probes" so that the top leaders can be under the supervision of Party organizations, party member and the masses. The supervision of superiors to subordinates, especially the supervision of superiors to subordinates, is the most useful and effective. Party organizations at higher levels should know more about the daily thinking, work and living conditions of the top leaders at lower levels, pay more attention to the reflection of cadres and the masses on the problems of the top leaders at lower levels, and listen to the opinions of the members of the leading bodies at lower levels on the top leaders. Party member and cadres can supervise the top leaders at party meetings, promotion of cadres, debriefing of leading cadres and other links.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 12, 2016

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and implement the "two responsibility"

　　Implement the main responsibility of the party Committee and the supervision responsibility of the discipline inspection commission, and strengthen accountability. A very important aspect of the reform of anti-corruption system and mechanism is to clarify and implement responsibilities. Without accountability, even the best system will become a paper tiger and a scarecrow. The Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee proposed that the Party Committee should take the main responsibility and the Commission for Discipline Inspection should take the supervisory responsibility to implement the responsibility system for building a clean and honest party style.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 14th, 2014

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and play the role of patrolling the sword

　　The greater the power, the more likely it is to appear "black under the lamp." To strengthen inner-party supervision, we must first manage the central and state organs well. The supervision of accredited institutions is an important part of the supervision system of the party and the state. We implement the combination of separate accreditation and comprehensive accreditation to realize the comprehensive accreditation of party and state organs at the central level. The accredited institutions have strengthened supervision and accountability, and the authority of the "faction" and the advantages of "resident" have been significantly enhanced.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 12, 2016

　　The universality and tendentiousness problems found in inspections should be promptly fed back to the party committees of localities, departments, enterprises and institutions, and the main responsibility should be urged to be implemented, and the system loopholes should be plugged. The main responsible comrades should plant their own fields of responsibility, and it is a serious dereliction of duty not to pay attention to the construction of party style and clean government. The localities, departments and units that are not in place for inspection and rectification should seize the typical examples and be seriously accountable. The rectification situation should be supervised by the party and society in an appropriate way, so as to enhance the confidence of the masses and improve the effectiveness of inspections.

　　— — On January 23, 2014, the Supreme Leader listened to the report of the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work in the second half of 2013 in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC).

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and improve the accountability mechanism

　　Adhere to the responsibility to ask, accountability must be strict, and organically combine supervision and inspection, target assessment and accountability to form a strong driving force for the implementation of laws and regulations. The contents, objects, matters, subjects, procedures and methods of accountability should be institutionalized and programmed. Accountability should not only be for things, but also for people, and should be asked about specific people.

　　— — On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the 24th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　Strengthening inner-party supervision, discipline inspection and supervision organs should prevent "darkness under the lamp"

　　It is necessary to educate and guide the broad masses of discipline inspection and supervision cadres to dare to take responsibility, dare to supervise and dare to be responsible, firmly establish political beliefs loyal to the party and the cause of discipline inspection and supervision, and strive to become a loyal, clean and responsible discipline inspection and supervision team. Discipline inspection and supervision organs should prevent "black under the lamp", seriously deal with outstanding problems such as seeking personal gains by cases, colluding with others, and leaking air, and clean up the portal so as to strike while the iron is hot.

— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 13th, 2015

　　Strengthen inner-party supervision and make good use of criticism and self-criticism.

　　We demand that we open the door to engage in activities, carry out criticism and self-criticism, do not beat around the bush, go straight to the point, give advice with real swords and spears, and help comrades with enthusiasm, so as to have the effect of blushing, sweating, touching the mind and touching the soul.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 14th, 2014

Zero-carbon parks, zero-carbon hosting meetings, zero-carbon weddings, and even zero-carbon drinks and sports shoes … In recent years, related words have frequently appeared in newspapers and websites, which deserves attention.

What is "zero carbon"? This can be seen from the home activities of the first National Eco-Day held by the "Zero Carbon" Expo. According to reports, "zero-carbon" hosting the conference refers to the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures, carbon emission budget, carbon emission intervention, carbon emission accounting and evaluation, carbon neutral evaluation, carbon neutral subject matter trading and offset, so as to ensure the carbon neutrality of the conference. In other words, while doing our best to hold the meeting in a low-carbon, green and waste-free manner, we will realize positive and negative offset by purchasing inclusive emission reduction and carbon sink emission reduction, and achieve relative "zero emission".

Since China clearly put forward the goal of "double carbon" in September 2020, the research on "zero carbon" has heated up rapidly, and the number of papers has risen sharply. However, there is no exact definition of "zero carbon" at present, because it involves many aspects, such as accounting scope, accounting emission types, reference index units, target year, whether to adopt compensation and offset measures, and so on. What is certain is that "zero carbon" does not mean that carbon dioxide is not emitted at all, and it is closer to the concepts of "low carbon" and "carbon neutrality" in real life and media reports.

Although there is no lack of controversy, behind the popularity of "zero carbon", there are conceptual changes and practical explorations, not "playing gimmicks" and "pushing concepts". According to industry insiders, there are four processes to achieve "zero carbon", accounting, emission reduction, offset and certification, and each link is actually not simple. Take the 3rd Digital China Construction Summit with available data as an example. While implementing a series of carbon emission reduction actions, the organizers calculated the new carbon dioxide emissions according to the number of activities, the number of participants, transportation, catering, accommodation and other conditions, and then realized the "zero emission" of the summit by purchasing carbon sink projects to reduce emissions. The idea of "zero-carbon" wedding, which has become popular among minority groups, is also the same. It can be seen that "zero-carbon" action has actually reduced carbon emissions, whether as a mode of production or a way of life, and it is worth becoming a popular trend.

In some specific scenarios, "zero carbon" can also be understood as zero use of fossil fuels. For example, the construction of "zero-carbon villages" and "zero-carbon post stations" in some areas is to realize the supply of "green electricity" by purchasing photovoltaic and wind power, or rooftop photovoltaic power generation and intelligent energy storage equipment. As a packaging method and concept, although its connotation and extension are slightly different, it can’t avoid the core expression of the concept of green, low-carbon and sustainable development.

Not long ago, the National Eco-environmental Protection Conference proposed that we should correctly handle the relationship between external constraints and endogenous motivation, and "inspire the endogenous motivation of the whole society to jointly care for the ecological environment". From the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job of Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions" to the release of the first batch of "Zero-carbon China" evaluation criteria, and the increasing diversity of "zero-carbon" public activities, "zero-carbon" is not only an initiative and a guide, but also has attracted more and more subjects to join in and take action.

From this point of view, the concept of "zero carbon" is not hidden, nor is it out of reach. In the process of publicity and promotion, we may as well open our minds to stimulate the public’s demand for carbon reduction, further stimulate everyone’s enthusiasm and initiative to practice a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and make "zero carbon" a new trend and fashion. (Lu Yi)

　　Call on the whole party to learn from party constitution, abide by party constitution, implement party constitution and safeguard party constitution, and convey firm confidence to the whole party and the whole country. Our party is making constant efforts to make itself healthier and welcome the arrival of "two hundred years".

　　Text/"Outlook" Newsweek reporter Han Bing

　　Do you know when Constitution of the Communist Party of China was born? Do you know what changes and evolutions party constitution has undergone in the course of nearly 95 years since the founding of the Party? As a qualified Communist party member of China, how can we deepen our understanding of the Party’s program and purpose, and what obligations and rights should we keep in mind? … … With the comprehensive promotion of "two studies and one doing" study and education, it has become a compulsory course for every Communist party member to read party constitution and learn party constitution sentence by sentence.

　　"party constitution is the fundamental law of the party and the general rule that the whole party must follow." Ye Duchu, a senior party building expert who has been engaged in party constitution research for a long time and a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, told Outlook Newsweek that party constitution is both a regulation and a textbook: in the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s practice, party constitution is a synthesis of the party’s basic program and activity standards, which constitutes the party’s supreme law; For every communist party member, party constitution is a vivid textbook that condenses the basic knowledge of the Party and the standards of the Communist party member.

　　Party constitution, in this small red manual, we can see that the current party constitution was partially revised by The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and passed on November 14th, 2012. It is divided into general program and eleven chapters, with 53 articles and more than 17,000 words. It is not long, but it has a heavy weight.

　　"From the date of promulgation and implementation, a party constitution has written the overall history of party constitution and even the party and passed it on to future generations and the next generation in the form of collective memory." Ye Duchu said that party constitution is a torch that shines a party forward, and it has always been a milestone.

　　In the 90-odd years’ practice of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s founding, the party’s system construction has always been closely integrated with the party’s development. Party constitution has a long history, from the birth of party constitution, the second largest part of the Party, to the 12th National Congress of the Party, which opened a new era of party constitution and inner-party regulations. Since the 12th National Congress of party constitution, it has been revised six times to achieve the 18th National Congress of party constitution. In party constitution, the nature and purpose of the Party, the Party’s theory, line, principles and policies, and the Party’s important propositions are condensed, which stipulate the Party’s important systems and institutional mechanisms, and even contain the fundamental code of conduct that the whole Party must abide by.

　　"Now there are only less than five years to achieve the first century goal. At this decisive moment, it is of extraordinary significance to call on all party member to study and practice party constitution." Ye Yuchu said.

　　According to many interviewed experts, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has owned more than 87 million party member since its founding nearly 95 years ago and it has been in power for more than 60 years. Every party member’s ideology, organizational discipline and code of conduct may affect the party’s ruling power and vitality. When the development of China has entered a critical stage, it is especially necessary for all party member to further strengthen their ideals and beliefs, improve their awareness of party spirit, and further enhance their awareness of politics, overall situation, core and conformity. Learning party constitution well, establishing a firm sense of party constitution and establishing party constitution’s authority are just an important part of strengthening the "Four Consciousnesses".

　　"If every party member can really learn party constitution and make good use of party constitution, he can not only purify and strengthen himself, but also purify and strengthen our whole party and society." Ye Duchu said that the practical action of turning party constitution into millions of party member will generate inexhaustible power, while internalizing party constitution in the heart and externalizing it in action requires a process of continuous efforts.

　　"Establish" the authority of party constitution.

　　It is inconceivable for a party that has been in power for a long time in a big country like China without a fine tradition and a set of effective institutional measures. Governing the country and rejuvenating the party is a long-term road, and a party constitution with complete theory, substantial content, strict discipline, democracy and order and corresponding specific laws and regulations are indispensable.

　　It is our party’s consistent historical tradition that the Central Committee emphasizes respecting party constitution and learning from party constitution. "party constitution not only condenses the fruits of advancing with the times obtained by the party in practical exploration, but also serves as a guide for our party to move towards a century." Ye Yuchu said.

　　On November 16th, 2012, it was the second day after the Supreme Leader was elected as the new General Secretary, and the third day after the party constitution Amendment was adopted at the 18th National Congress. On this day, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader published a signed article entitled "Seriously study party constitution and strictly abide by party constitution". This concise text of about 2,500 words is far-reaching and concise. It is not only a mobilization and call for all party comrades, but also a solemn statement of "starting from me" as a leader and a solemn declaration of abiding by his duties.

　　In this article, the Supreme Leader proposed that leading cadres in party member should be models to learn from party constitution and abide by party constitution. Leading cadres at all levels should take learning party constitution as a compulsory course, and comrades who take up new leadership positions should take learning party constitution as the first lesson and take the lead in observing the provisions of party constitution. Ye Duchu said, "‘ Compulsory course ’ 、‘ The first lesson ’ The formulation is meaningful, highly realistic and highly targeted. "

　　Since then, on several important occasions, the central high-level officials have repeatedly emphasized the importance of firmly establishing party constitution consciousness. On October 12th, 2015, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party pointed out that in order to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way, we must first respect party constitution and "establish the authority of party constitution".

　　"It is the consistent tradition of our party to establish the authority of party constitution." Huang Yibing, deputy director of the Third Research Department of the Party History Research Office of the Central Committee, told Outlook Newsweek that as early as the early days of the founding of the Party, our Party had carried out conscious and in-depth education on the concept of party constitution, so that Communist party member would never forget his surname "Party" at all times and remember that he was a member of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and was infinitely loyal to the Party and the people. "It is these powerful educations that have given the Communist Party of China (CPC) strong cohesion and mobilization."

　　Party constitution’s authority is established because party constitution embodies the important achievements of the Party’s practical innovation, theoretical innovation and institutional innovation.

　　"party constitution set up the theoretical banner of our party, which is the only carrier to raise the latest achievements of Marxism in China to the guiding ideology of the party; Party constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the general constitution and rules of the party, and the fundamental code of conduct that the whole party must abide by; Party constitution is the basic standard of party member’s party spirit training and cultivation; Party constitution is the fundamental basis for strictly administering the party in an all-round way. " Huang Yibing said: party constitution plays an important guiding role in advancing the cause of the Party and strengthening Party building. party constitution is an important symbol to measure the continuous maturity of our Party, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for our Party to maintain its youthful vitality and remain invincible forever.

　　Judging from the current development of China, whether the goal of "two hundred years" can be achieved is related to the future of the ruling party and the well-being of 1.3 billion people. The construction of laws and regulations within the party based on party constitution will play an important role in promoting the party’s task of reform and development in the new era. From a long-term perspective, no matter whether the Party manages inner-party affairs or manages the country, it cannot deviate from party constitution’s guidance.

　　At the same time, as a big party that has been in power for a long time, facing more than 87 million party member and more than 4.3 million grass-roots party organizations, it is even more necessary to set up party constitution and put the party’s system and discipline ahead. Ye Duchu said that emphasizing "respect for party constitution" has a strong realistic pertinence to adapt to the current situation of the party member team and the new situation of comprehensively and strictly administering the party.

　　Ye Duchu analyzed that our party has never been so big and its composition is relatively complicated as it is now. For example, there are great differences in the internal economic situation, political experience, cultural background, living conditions and lifestyle of party member teams in a place or industry; At the same time, today, our party member team has a lot of talents and heroes, the overall quality is constantly improving, and their thoughts are extremely active, which is quite modern. "The change of party member’s team needs to strengthen the party’s centripetal force and cohesion by establishing party constitution’s authority, so as to ensure that the whole party is United and orderly."

　　Looking back on the international and historical lessons, Ye Duchu reminded that whether party constitution’s authority can stand is a big problem, which is directly related to whether the party’s theory, program, line and policies can be applied to practice, to the party’s combat effectiveness and cohesion, and even to the party’s development and survival.

　　Ye Duchu recalled that before the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, under the background of long-term ruling, party constitution’s authority gradually lost, and the cadres of the CPSU party member began to become numb to the bad phenomena in the party, unable to distinguish between right and wrong, and the party gradually lost its binding force and appeal to party member, and finally lost its ruling position. "This lesson is very profound."

　　"Many things, especially those related to the future and destiny of the party and the right and wrong within the party, we can find the basis and standards from party constitution." Ye Duchu said that party constitution’s authority should be "established" and "reliable", so as to "establish prestige, virtue, rules and trust" and enhance all party member’s sense of identity, belonging and law-abiding towards party constitution.

　　Learn to grasp that rich connotation of party constitution.

　　"A party constitution and its effective implementation bear a great mission. It is a banner and a command. It will guide and standardize the actions of more than 80 million party member and will play a role in uniting hundreds of millions of people with one heart and one mind." Ye Duchu said: party constitution has the nature of the highest law after it was passed by the Party’s National Congress, and it must be universally studied and strictly implemented by the whole Party.

　　As the general constitution of the Party, party constitution is extremely rich in content and connotation. As a party member, how to learn from party constitution? What should we focus on?

　　Ye Duchu believes that learning from party constitution should not only grasp the new contents and requirements in party constitution, but also review the contents and regulations in party constitution that have never changed as before.

　　To learn from party constitution, we should not only grasp the recent summary of China’s new practical achievements, theoretical achievements and institutional achievements in its development, but also grasp the basic principles that play a long-term guiding role in the development of the Party.

　　Ye Duchu introduced, for example, the key words in party constitution’s general program about the four basic requirements of party building: adhering to the party’s basic line, emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, serving the people wholeheartedly, and adhering to democratic centralism, which have not changed since the 14th Party Congress.

　　"party constitution’s core content has universal validity. Apart from different historical conditions and discourse environments, we can clearly see: the establishment of party member’s dominant position, the implementation of the collective decision-making system, the recognition of the overall synergy of the organization, and the equality of everyone in party member before discipline, without any exceptions and specialities." Ye Duchu said that the content written in party constitution is scientific, legitimate and necessary. In learning, we should grasp the dialectical relationship of keeping pace with the times and as always, and give greater play to the tension of party constitution.

　　“纲举目张，学习党章首先要抓住党章总纲。”多位受访专家都认为，总纲中涵盖了党的性质和宗旨、党的理论和路线方针政策、党的重要主张、党的长远目标、当前目标，党对党员和党组织的基本要求等重要内容。

　　学习总纲，首先围绕党的性质、宗旨来学。

　　翻开党章，总纲开篇指出：中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队。总纲还表明，中国共产党坚持全心全意为人民服务。

　　“总纲中关于党的性质和宗旨的规定，集中反映了中国共产党为了谁、依靠谁的政治立场。”黄一兵说，学习党章这部分内容，就能够进一步深刻认识和理解密切联系群众是我们党的最大政治优势，脱离群众是我们党执政后的最大危险。

　　学习总纲，要抓住党的理论和路线方针政策。

　　黄一兵说，总纲深刻阐述了我们党的理论和路线方针政策，公开回答了我们党举什么旗、走什么路、以什么样的精神状态、朝着什么样的目标继续前进的重大问题。“坚持和发展中国特色社会主义是贯穿于党的理论、路线、方针、政策中的一条主线，也是贯穿于十八大党章总纲中的一条主线，是我们学习党章的聚焦点、着力点和落脚点。”

　　“十八大党章具有宏阔、精深、鲜明、富有远见卓识等特点，是中国共产党迈步百年实现全面建成小康社会目标的具有决定性意义的伟大里程碑。”叶笃初说，十八大党章将中国特色社会主义之大成，从理论、道路到制度等等，以党内最高法的形式完整牢实地固定下来。

　　例如，在十八大党章中，加进了“确立中国特色社会主义制度”一语，由此就把全党历经艰辛、倍加珍惜而长期坚持和不断开创发展的这条道路、这个理论体系、这个制度形成整体贯通起来。这正是我们党的道路自信、理论自信和制度自信。

　　“党章总纲中关于道路、理论、制度等点睛之笔，彰显了当代共产党人的自信，将之写入党内根本大法，可谓国之重器，不只是对我们现在，而且对党和国家的将来、对后代子孙，都有很重要的意义。”叶笃初说。

　　学习总纲，应该把握住党的重要主张和时代使命。

　　黄一兵说，总纲清晰标识了我们党的重要主张，全面展示了我们党治国理政的方略和党的建设的新要求。“十八大党章总纲阐述了建设中国特色社会主义的总依据、总布局、总任务，也阐述了夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利的基本要求等。”

　　Party constitution is the highest law in the Party, and it is also the behavior guidance of every party member, and it is the fundamental standard to measure whether party member is qualified.

　　"Whether a party member is qualified or not depends first on his attitude towards party constitution, whether his words and deeds really conform to party constitution’s regulations and whether he can fully fulfill party member’s obligations. This is the fundamental standard for a qualified party member." Ye Yuchu said.

　　Therefore, to learn from party constitution, we must firmly grasp the provisions on the obligations and rights of Party members in party constitution.

　　For example, party constitution’s article 3, "party member must fulfill the following obligations", contains eight aspects, which provide important guidance for how to be a qualified party member.

　　"The contents of these eight aspects are not only the basic obligations that every Communist party member must always undertake under the new historical conditions, but also the basic follow-up to become a qualified Communist party member and the yardstick for the action of contemporary Chinese Communist party member." Huang Yibing said: in contrast to party constitution’s request and focusing on the new development of the cause of the party and the state, the criteria for qualified party member can be further refined and summarized as follows: strengthening ideals and beliefs, firmly and consciously maintaining a high degree of ideological and political action with the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the general secretary; Practice the Party’s purpose, maintain the feelings of public servants, keep in mind that Communist party member will always be an ordinary member of the working people, keep close contact with the masses, and serve the people wholeheartedly; Strengthen party spirit training and moral cultivation, be awed, hold a ruler, be honest in politics, strictly manage the family, and build a defense line against corruption and change; Always keep the spirit of pioneering and enterprising.

　　In different historical periods, party constitution’s demands on party member and party member’s rights and obligations are not static, but constantly improved with the changes of the times. "One of the principles formulated by party constitution is that most people can write what they can, and don’t write what they can’t. Being broad outside the party and strict within the party have been written into the requirements of party constitution, which is the direction of party member cadres’ efforts and the benchmark and scale. " Ye Yuchu said that the provisions on party member’s rights and obligations in the party constitution of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are very specific, and every party member can compare them. "What is written in party constitution is achievable. If it is done, it is qualified party member. If it is done well, it is excellent party member."

　　Ye Duchu believes that party constitution should pay special attention to learning the requirements of democratic centralism in the provisions on the party’s organizational principles and discipline requirements.

　　Democratic centralism is the party’s fundamental organizational principle and the application of the mass line in the party’s life. Historically, our party was established in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism, which has been continuously enriched and developed in the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform. The history of the party has repeatedly proved that when democratic centralism is well adhered to, the party will be clean and vigorous, and its cause will flourish; Whenever democratic centralism is destroyed, contradictions and problems within the party will breed and spread, the party’s atmosphere will be damaged, and the party’s cause will encounter setbacks.

　　"Since the reform and opening up, according to the actual needs and practical experience, the provisions and exposition of democratic centralism in party constitution have also been improved. Facts have proved that the democratic centralism stipulated by party constitution can stand the test of history and can be done well." Ye Yuchu said.

　　Release the positive energy of party constitution

　　Party constitution’s vitality lies in action. According to the experts interviewed, party constitution is by no means a lofty decoration, but must be followed by every party organization at all levels and every party member.

　　Observing the problems and lessons in history and reality, we can see that individual party member is weak in party spirit, weak in party constitution’s concept, inconsistent in words and deeds, and inconsistent in appearance. He regards party constitution as having nothing, those who violate the rules and regulations, and those who openly slander and trample on party constitution.

　　"This kind of behavior is absolutely intolerable to the party. We feel sorry and even scorn for party member who does not act according to party constitution and violates the law. The negative case is a contrast and vigilance for all party member, which can shock and educate many people." Ye Duchu said, adhering to the correct principle or the wrong principle, consciously implementing party constitution or disobeying others and even trampling on party constitution, are compulsory questions for every party member.

　　How can party constitution’s positive energy be revealed and brought into play?

　　According to the analysis of the interviewed experts, it depends not only on the extension and application of party constitution in real life, but also on the conscious actions of party member and the active supervision of the masses.

　　There are two ways to release the positive energy of party constitution:

　　On the one hand, the role of party constitution can not be played without the simultaneous improvement and implementation of specific laws and regulations, including individual laws and regulations or departmental laws and regulations, as well as a series of measures such as implementation rules.

　　For example, the newly revised Code of Integrity and Self-discipline in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC) are based on party constitution, which is the concretization of the provisions in party constitution. Only when the guidelines focus on moral integrity, the regulations focus on establishing rules, and the inner-party regulations work together can we establish noble moral sentiments, strictly observe the party’s discipline and "establish" the authority of party constitution.

　　On the other hand, the release of party constitution’s positive energy cannot be separated from the actual actions of every party member.

　　"One action is more important than a dozen programs." Huang Yibing said that learning from party constitution should be combined with practicing party constitution, learning should be combined with changing work style, promoting work and promoting development, and solving practical problems should be regarded as an important criterion to test the effectiveness of learning.

　　"We should closely contact our own ideological reality, work reality and the reality of reform, development and stability, conduct targeted studies, thoroughly study measures and methods to solve problems and improve work, and make great efforts to implement them, so that party constitution’s demands will become the conscious action of the vast number of party member." Huang Yibing said.

　　"To learn from party constitution, we should also combine it with reducing and breaking our outdated and backward concepts, and combine it with analyzing and criticizing negative cases, so that the pros and cons complement each other, break first and then stand, and break and stand. This is the dialectics of learning and applying party constitution." Ye Duchu said, to learn from party constitution, we should combine subjectivity with objectivity, combine knowledge with practice, and use criticism and self-criticism to put an end to the problems of "learning belongs to learning, using belongs to using", "saying one thing and doing another", and our attitude towards party constitution should be consistent with words and deeds, so as to enhance purity and firmness.

　　"At the same time, we can’t simply regard party constitution’s party rules as being imposed on ourselves by some external force ‘ Frame ’ Party constitution should not be regarded as a bondage. " Ye Duchu said that party constitution embodies the overall interests, will and demands of communist party people, and it gives every party member vitality, a weapon, and a vast world for exerting its intelligence.

　　"To make a metaphor, party constitution is like a mirror, through which every party member can see his own ideological and operational defects and learn from them.

　　Practice party constitution to correct it, which requires every party member to take the initiative. Ye Duchu said that he called on the whole party to learn party constitution’s party rules, learn a series of speeches, and be a qualified party member, sending a clear signal to the whole party and the people of the whole country that our party is constantly making efforts to make itself healthier and welcome the arrival of two hundred years. "We must have firm confidence in this." □