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decree of the state council of the people’s republic of china

sequence　626　number

　　"Regulations on the Management of Defective Automobile Product Recall" has been adopted at the 219th executive meeting in the State Council on October 10, 2012, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2013.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 General manager Wen Jiabao
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 October 22nd, 2012

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Regulations on the recall management of defective automobile products

　　the first　In order to standardize the recall of defective automobile products, strengthen supervision and management, and ensure personal and property safety, these regulations are formulated.
　　the second　These Regulations shall apply to the recall, supervision and management of automobiles and automobile trailers (hereinafter referred to as automobile products) produced and sold in China.
　　Article　The term "defects" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the situation that the automobile products in the same batch, model or category generally do not meet the national standards and industry standards for protecting personal and property safety or other unreasonable dangers that endanger personal and property safety.
　　The recall mentioned in these Regulations refers to the activities of automobile product producers to take measures to eliminate defects in their sold automobile products.
　　Article 4　The State Council product quality supervision department is responsible for the supervision and management of the recall of defective automobile products nationwide.
　　The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management of the recall of defective automobile products within their respective responsibilities.
　　Article 5　The State Council’s product quality supervision departments may entrust the product quality supervision departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the import and export commodity inspection agencies to be responsible for the supervision and management of the recall of defective automobile products.
　　The State Council product quality supervision department defective product recall technical institutions in accordance with the provisions of the State Council product quality supervision department, undertake the specific technical work of defective automobile product recall.
　　Article 6　Any unit or individual has the right to complain about the possible defects of automobile products to the product quality supervision department, and the product quality supervision department of the State Council shall announce the telephone number, e-mail address and mailing address of accepting complaints to the public in a way that is convenient for the public to know.
　　The State Council product quality supervision department shall establish a defective automobile product recall information management system, collect, summarize, analyze and process information about defective automobile products.
　　Product quality supervision departments, competent departments of automobile products, competent departments of commerce, customs, traffic management departments of public security organs, competent departments of transportation, administrative departments for industry and commerce and other relevant departments shall establish a sharing mechanism for information on the production, sales, import, registration and inspection, maintenance, consumer complaints and recall of automobile products.
　　Article 7　Product quality supervision departments and relevant departments, institutions and their staff members shall not disclose business secrets and personal information they know when performing their duties as stipulated in these Regulations.
　　Article 8　For defective automobile products, producers shall recall them all in accordance with these regulations; If the producer fails to recall, the product quality supervision department of the State Council shall order it to recall in accordance with these regulations.
　　The term "producer" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to an enterprise legally established in China to produce automobile products and issue product certificates in its name.
　　Enterprises that import automobile products from outside China and sell them in China shall be regarded as the producers mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
　　Article 9　The producer shall establish and keep information records on the design, manufacture, identification and inspection of automobile products, as well as information records on the owners of automobile products for the first time, and the retention period shall not be less than 10 years.
　　Article 10　The producer shall report the following information to the product quality supervision department of the State Council for the record:
　　(1) Basic information of producers;
　　(two) the technical parameters of automobile products and the owner information of the first sale of automobile products;
　　(3) Information on repair, replacement and return of automobile products due to faults that endanger personal and property safety;
　　(4) Information on the recall of automobile products outside China;
　　(five) other information required by the the State Council product quality supervision department for the record.
　　Article 11　Operators who sell, lease or repair automobile products (hereinafter referred to as operators) shall establish and keep information records related to automobile products in accordance with the provisions of the product quality supervision department of the State Council, and the retention period shall not be less than 5 years.
　　Operators who know that there are defects in automobile products shall immediately stop selling, leasing and using defective automobile products, and assist producers in implementing the recall.
　　The operator shall report to the product quality supervision department of the State Council and inform the producers of the relevant information about the possible defects of the automobile products.
　　Article 12　If the manufacturer knows that there may be defects in automobile products, he shall immediately organize investigation and analysis, and truthfully report the results of the investigation and analysis to the product quality supervision department of the State Council.
　　If the manufacturer confirms that the automobile product is defective, it shall immediately stop producing, selling and importing the defective automobile product and carry out a recall.
　　Article 13　If the product quality supervision department of the State Council learns that there may be defects in automobile products, it shall immediately notify the producers to carry out investigation and analysis; If the producer fails to carry out investigation and analysis in accordance with the notice, the product quality supervision department of the State Council shall carry out defect investigation.
　　The State Council product quality supervision department believes that there may be defects in automobile products that will cause serious consequences, and can directly carry out defect investigation.
　　Article 14　The State Council’s product quality supervision department can carry out defect investigation, enter the production and business premises of producers and operators to conduct on-site investigation, consult and copy relevant materials and records, and learn about possible defects of automobile products from relevant units and individuals.
　　The producer shall cooperate with the defect investigation and provide the relevant materials, products and special equipment needed for the investigation. The operator shall cooperate with the defect investigation and provide the relevant information needed for the investigation.
　　The product quality supervision department of the State Council shall not use the materials, products and special equipment provided by producers and operators for purposes other than technical inspection and appraisal required for defect investigation.
　　Article 15　If the product quality supervision department of the State Council believes that there are defects in the automobile products, it shall notify the producers to carry out the recall.
　　If the manufacturer thinks that there is no defect in its automobile products, he may raise an objection to the product quality supervision department of the State Council within 15 working days from the date of receiving the notice, and provide supporting materials. The product quality supervision department of the State Council shall organize experts who have no interest in the producers to demonstrate the certification materials, and carry out technical inspection or appraisal of automobile products when necessary.
　　If the producer neither recalls in accordance with the notice nor raises any objection within the time limit specified in the second paragraph of this article, or if the product quality supervision department of the State Council organizes demonstration, technical inspection and appraisal in accordance with the second paragraph of this article to confirm that the automobile product is defective, the product quality supervision department of the State Council shall order the producer to recall; Producers shall immediately stop producing, selling and importing defective automobile products and carry out a recall.
　　Article 16　The producer shall make a recall plan in accordance with the provisions of the product quality supervision department of the State Council and report it to the product quality supervision department of the State Council for the record. Revising the recorded recall plan shall be re-filed.
　　The producer shall carry out the recall according to the recall plan.
　　Article 17　The producer shall notify the seller of the recall plan filed with the product quality supervision department of the State Council at the same time, and the seller shall stop selling defective automobile products.
　　Article 18　When the manufacturer recalls, it shall release information in a way that is convenient for the public to know, and inform the owner of the defects in the automobile products, emergency disposal methods to avoid damage and measures taken by the producer to eliminate defects.
　　The State Council’s product quality supervision department shall promptly announce to the public the confirmed information of defective automobile products and the relevant information of the manufacturer’s recall.
　　The owner shall cooperate with the producer to carry out the recall.
　　Article 19　For the recalled defective automobile products, the manufacturer shall promptly take measures such as amending or supplementing the marks, repairing, replacing and returning the products to eliminate the defects.
　　The producer shall bear the cost of eliminating defects and the necessary cost of transporting defective automobile products.
　　Article 20　The producer shall submit a recall stage report and a recall summary report in accordance with the provisions of the product quality supervision department of the State Council.
　　Article 21　The State Council product quality supervision department shall supervise the implementation of the recall, and organize experts who have no interest with the producers to evaluate the effect of eliminating defects by the producers.
　　Article 22　Producers in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, one of the following circumstances, the product quality supervision department shall order it to make corrections; Refuses to correct, a fine of 50 thousand yuan and 200 thousand yuan:
　　(1) Failing to keep information records about automobile products and owners in accordance with regulations;
　　(2) Failing to file relevant information and recall plan in accordance with regulations;
　　(3) Failing to submit the relevant recall report as required.
　　Article 23　In violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, in any of the following circumstances, the product quality supervision department shall order it to make corrections; Refuses to correct, a fine of 500 thousand yuan and 1 million yuan; If there is illegal income, the illegal income shall be confiscated; If the circumstances are serious, the licensing authority shall revoke the relevant license:
　　(a) producers and operators do not cooperate with the defect investigation of product quality supervision departments;
　　(2) The producer fails to carry out the recall according to the recorded recall plan;
　　(3) The producer fails to inform the seller of the recall plan.
　　Article 24　If a producer violates the provisions of these Regulations and has any of the following circumstances, the product quality supervision department shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 1% and less than 10% of the value of defective automobile products; If there is illegal income, the illegal income shall be confiscated; If the circumstances are serious, the licensing authority shall revoke the relevant license:
　　(1) Failing to stop producing, selling or importing defective automobile products;
　　(2) Concealing the defects;
　　(3) refusing to recall after being ordered to recall.
　　Article 25　In violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, the personnel engaged in the supervision and administration of defective automobile product recall shall be punished according to law if they commit any of the following acts:
　　(a) the information, products and special equipment provided by producers and operators are used for purposes other than technical inspection and appraisal required for defect investigation;
　　(2) disclosing the business secrets or personal information of the parties concerned;
　　(three) other dereliction of duty, abuse of power.
　　Article 26　In violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
　　Article 27　If there are defects in the tires that are not equipped with the vehicle when the automobile products leave the factory, the tire manufacturer shall be responsible for recalling them. Specific measures shall be formulated by the product quality supervision department of the State Council with reference to these regulations.
　　Article 28　The recall of defective automobile products by producers in accordance with these regulations does not exempt them from the responsibilities they should bear according to law.
　　If the automobile products have quality problems other than those stipulated in these Regulations, the owners have the right to require the producers and sellers to bear corresponding legal responsibilities such as repair, replacement, return and compensation for losses in accordance with the product quality law, consumer rights protection law and other laws, administrative regulations, relevant state regulations and contractual agreements.
　　Article 29　These Regulations shall come into force as of January 1, 2013.

Special feature of 1905 film network After three years, Mission Impossible is back. The recipe is familiar, and Ethan Hunt’s old partners are still there.

Just last week, Tom Cruise, simon pegg, Henry Cavill and director Christopher Macaulay also made a special trip to Beijing to promote the film in China. Even the press conference was held in the ancestral temple.

Although it’s not the first time for several people to come to China, it’s still simon pegg who knows what Asian fans like.After teaching Tom Cruise to compare hearts in the Korean publicity campaign of Mission Impossible 6, several people did it again and again on the red carpet of the ancestral temple.

Speaking of this finger-to-heart gesture, simon pegg said,I learned it from fans at the Korean airport.. As a result, the activity of "learning now and selling now" immediately aroused Tom Cruise’s curiosity.

In addition to empathy, simon pegg’s Weibo is also quite skilled. See more Hollywood stars holding a piece of paper to verify their identity, and then give it to the staff to take care of; The Weibo painting style of "Simon Gathering" will be much more exotic. I promised to send nude photos after 1 million fans, and the result was my own model posing; There was also a brain cake on Halloween, and the result was screened by the pictures of pig brain flowers of fans.

When we asked Weibo about his cake, he said that he just wanted to show off the cake made by his sister, but China fans were so dismissive that they showed their real brains instead.Twitter gave him to the staff, and Weibo’s account was actually updated in person.. Although half of the replies were in Chinese that he didn’t understand, he also had a lot of fun.

The audience loves Simon so much. Apart from playing a geek-like assistant in Hollywood movies, it is natural that he collaborated with edgar wright and Nick Frost in the trilogy "Much ado about nothing" and "Blood and Ice Cream". Although edgar wright, who is struggling in Hollywood, has been waiting for cooperation with Simon again, it was Nick Frost who first got together with Simon in the movie.

Although Simon and Nick are only cameos in this film, Slaughterhouse Guidelines is the first work of their new production company. Will there be some tribute to my old friend Edgar in the movie? When we asked Simon, he smiled and said that if there was one, it was the director’s intention.

British "gay friends" who are also going to Hollywood, when Edgar left to start shooting, simon pegg shuttled through various series of movies that he loved quarterly as a child. After starring in Star Wars, writing a script for Star Trek and collaborating with Spielberg, is there any director simon pegg wants to collaborate with? The answer he gave was unexpected:

What director does simon pegg want to cooperate with most now?Cohen brothersAnd the one taken last yearPaul Thomas Anderson. In his view, the two directors have changeable styles and can grasp comedy, thriller and plot at the same time.

1905 movie network:You have collaborated with Tom Cruise on three "Mission Impossible" films before, and this is the second collaboration with director Christopher Macaulay. Should it be easy this time?

Simon pegg:I think every time you return to a story you are familiar with, it’s like going home, or getting used to the way things go. With the success of this series, I really feel relaxed. But never lose the challenge. You know the creators will always let you out of your comfort zone. You will learn new things and have many new experiences. I have been looking for the excitement of this series.

1905 movie network:At the end of the film, you and Rebecca Ferguson have a fierce confrontation with sean harris, and your character Bangui is even killed. Have you talked to the director about the ending of Bangui?

Simon pegg:Every time we talk about stories before shooting, we will discuss who will live to the end. And this one does have many roles that didn’t last. But in the end, the director thought it would be too much to let Benji die. Because Bangui is a popular character.This is a role that the audience will feel empathy for, because Bangui is similar to them in some places. He is very ordinary. I think killing him is like killing the audience.. But who knows next time?

1905 movie network:In this film, we see the growth of Bangui, who has more and more field missions. So in the process of shooting, do you have any stunts that you choose to complete under the impetus of Tom Cruise or the director?

Simon pegg:No, I am happy to do these crazy things. Although I can’t do what Tom did, I will try if there is any chance of stunt performance.For example, the underwater scene, although short, was really played by me.

1905 movie network:This should be the most stunt you’ve performed in this series?

Simon pegg:Quite a few. But I also have a scene in "Mysterious Country" where I sit in a car and get chased by many cars. That’s exciting, too I also have a fighting scene in that movie. However, the helicopter and skydiving in this part are left to Tom.

1905 movie network:Besides being an actor, you are also a screenwriter. Will you change part of the script or discuss with the director about the increase or decrease of the plot?

Simon pegg:A few lines, mainly Bangui-style lines. I can’t make any changes directly with Chris. Because he is also a good screenwriter. He has great control over the plot and characters, and he is a master. But Bangui itself still has some room to make some language adjustments, and Chris is glad that I will make some changes in this regard.

1905 movie network:It can be said that you have cooperated with all your favorite directors. Will there be directors who want to cooperate in the future?

Simon pegg:I want to cooperate with the Cohen brothers. I also want to cooperate with paul thomas anderson.. They are all good directors. The Cohen brothers make movies together, and Paul, and I like all their movies very much. I think the movies they make combine comedy, thriller and plot very well. The style of the film is changeable. They made my favorite movie, so I really want to cooperate with them.

1905 movie network:We are all concerned about your work "Slaughterhouse Guidelines" which was reunited with nick frost, and it is also the first work of your production company. Will there be a tribute to the previous trilogy of blood and ice cream?

Simon pegg:The director is Crispin Mills and the screenwriter is Henry Fitzbert. I think this is their movie. I joined as a producer, working with two companies, Promoting Global Media and Sony.So we were co-producers, and we played a small role. The protagonist of the film is a young man. If there is a tribute, it is Crispin’s behavior. (Laughter)

1905 movie network:You have many fans on Weibo. Do you remember the picture of the brain cake sent about two years ago? Have you tried brain flower since then?

Simon pegg:I remember that one because the cake is in the shape of a brain. But everyone seems to disagree and think, oh, it’s just a brain. We eat it anyway. I haven’t tried it yet, but I will try it.

1905 movie network:The picture of you teaching Tom Cruise to compare feelings is also circulating on the Internet. Where did you learn it?

Simon pegg:I think I learned it that day. I learned it at the airport. I have many lovely Korean fans. They came to meet me at the airport and taught me this way of comparing my heart with my fingers. I started doing it on stage. Tom came to ask, what is this? I said, this is empathy. Tom began to learn. I’m glad to teach Tom a little trick.

1905 movie network:You learn these popular things really quickly, and you can use all kinds of filters.

Simon pegg:Yes I sent it to Weibo myself. I basically don’t tweet myself because I want to stay away from Twitter. butWeibo is a very interesting place. Although I can’t understand half of the reply, because it is in Chinese. But I think it’s really great.

1905 movie network:Back to Mission: Impossible-Fallout, the director commented that’ the accident is an opportunity to surpass. Do you think you have encountered a similar situation?

Simon pegg:I think it should be the helicopter scene. Because it’s amazing. We’ve seen it in other movies, and we’ve seen it in other spy movies. Because that’s what spy movies are all about. There are trips, exotic scenery, various variables, and the pursuit of various means of transportation.. But this time Chris interpreted it in a new way, which I think is very powerful.

　　[Pacific Auto Network Technology Channel]What is it? Can realize the automobileSpeed change, torque change, direction change and on-off powerThe device is the transmission. The first car in the world was born in 1886, and the first transmission appeared soon after. It can be said that the development of transmission and automobile are synchronous. At first glance, E-, maybe everyone will naturally think of CVT, that is, CVT. Functionally speaking, E-CVT does have the function of stepless speed change, but structurally speaking, the difference between them is too great. It can even be said that there are two types of transmissions, one is E-CVT and the other is other transmissions.

● Introduction of E-CVT

　　At the beginning, we mentioned that E-CVT is not a simple "electronically controlled continuously variable transmission", so of course it is not circulated on the Internet. It is an electronic version of CVT. Toyota’s official definition is "power distributor", because it does not have complex mechanisms such as traditional gearbox system or gear shaft set, and it is a power distribution mechanism specially prepared for hybrid vehicles. Therefore, there has always been a debate: is E-CVT a transmission?

For more articles about gearbox classification, please click the following figure to browse:

　　Whether it is a transmission or not, we will discuss it later. What we can see is that the THS( Hybrid System) is becoming more and more mature from 200h to the later hybrid version. As a key component of the whole system, E-CVT undoubtedly plays a vital role.　

● E-CVT structure

　　If you look at it from the perspective of traditional transmission, the structure of E-CVTIt’s really, really simple. Many times, the more perfect things are, the simpler they are. I think this must be the truth. As a masterpiece of hybrid cars, Prius has been carrying the core hybrid technology, so the next analysis takes Toyota Prius as an example.

　　The structure of E-CVT is very simple, only made up ofExternal gear ring(The outer gear ring here connects the No.2 motor and the output shaft at the same time) andplanetary carrier(connection) andSun gear(connected to No.1 motor), that is, the power transmission flow is:No.2 motor — External gear ring — output shaftAt the same time, due to the existence of planetary gear sets, there are also:Engine — Planetary group — External gear ring — output shaft. The following physical picture was taken from a foreign video.

　　If you look closely, you can’t help wondering: Isn’t this the structure? Yes, E-CVT is made up of a planetary gear set reduction mechanism (The red box in the picture above.）。 There is no chain or steel belt in CVT, let alone the torque converter in AT or the double clutch in DCT. So, the problem is coming. . . Ahem. Can an E-CVT with such a simple structure really achieve stepless speed change? The answer is of course!

● E-CVT principle

Overview:

　　In fact, E-CVT is not very complicated only from the perspective of mechanical motion principle. How complicated can the motion of a planetary gear set be? What is complicated is its electronic control unit, that is, the logical principle of electromechanical cooperation. Before introducing the working principle, briefly list some noun notes that will be used below:

PCU：Power Control Unit (Power control unit) This is an essential part of a hybrid car, which contains a voltage converter and an inverter, and can adjust the output voltage of the battery pack. For example, high voltage (about 600V) must be used to supply power to the motor, and the voltage of the battery pack is up to about 200V due to the size limitation, so the transformer is essential. butThe function of inverter is to change DC to AC or vice versa.Because the high-voltage AC motor has the advantages of small size, high efficiency and large size, and the battery pack emits direct current, an inverter is necessary between the motor and the battery pack.

1：That is, motor generator 1 is connected with the sun gear.

MG2：Namely motor generator 2, andExternal gear ringConnect.

　　Attribute diagram of two motors:

　　The engine of Prius is Atkinson engine, which is characterized by good intermediate speed performance, insufficient high and low speed performance and high energy utilization rate;

　　To facilitate understanding, put a simplified E-CVT structure diagram:

　　Next is the power distribution diagram.

　　First of all, we need to be clear about a concept:Power is the product of combination with rotational speed.(power = torque × rotational speed),

　　Then because there are four that canFree revolutionPlanetary gear, it can be imagined that when the gear ring is fixed (that is, the wheel is fixed), the sun gear (MG1) can only drive the planetary gear seat (that is, the engine) to rotate (that is, start the engine process) when the planetary gear rotates;

　　With the rotation of planetary gears, when the ring gear (MG2) rotates forward, the sun gear (MG1) can also rotate backward. Conversely, when the ring gear (MG2) rotates reversely, the sun gear (MG1) can rotate forward again.

　　For example, when the outer ring gear and the sun gear rotate in the same direction, the planetary gears can not rotate, but only revolve, thus driving the gasoline engine to rotate. When the planetary gear seat does not rotate, the ring gear and the sun gear can still rotate freely. It is precisely because of this ingenious characteristic of the planetary gear set,Only when the engine, wheels and motor are connected together can they run without interfering with each other.Therefore, the clutch structure is omitted.

　　S=C×3.6－R×2.6

　　In the formula, s = sun = sun gear, c = carrier = line constellation, and r = ring = outer gear ring.

　　In addition, since the diameters and teeth numbers of the external gear, the sun gear and the planetary gear have been fixed, it can also be obtained according to the formula on the drawing:When the planetary constellation rotates in the middle, the torque ratio allocated to the outer ring gear and the sun gear is certain.. The specific value is about72%Allocated to the external gear (actually 2.6÷3.6),28%Allocated to the sun gear (1-72%). As long as the engine rotates to work, it will not change this basic fact.

　　Then we all know that under a series of different working conditions, the requirements for torque are greatly changed. Traditional power vehicles need a transmission to adjust the output power of the engine. However, in this specific structure of E-CVT, because there are two motors, under different working conditions,According to the above formula. As long as the different rotational speeds of these two motors are controlled, the engine power obtained on the outer gear ring can be changed infinitely, so that the automobile can achieve stepless speed change.

　　As for how the PCU of Prius can control the fuel supply of the engine and the voltage, phase and positive and negative on-off of the two motors in real time according to the running conditions of the car. The control logic involved and the data collection and processing procedures of many sensors are too complicated to be described here. Understand that E-CVT can realize stepless speed change.

For more technical channel articles, please click the following link to view:

● Detailed explanation of working conditions

　　The following analyzes the speed change process of E- one by one from various operating conditions:

I. Idle running (hot car)

　　After the start command is issued, it starts (rotates forward) in an instant and drives the start. The whole process is extremely fast and smooth.

　　After the engine is started, it runs at idle speed, and the gasoline engine drives the planetary constellation to rotate forward. Because the wheel (outer ring gear) does not rotate, the forward rotation of the planetary gear set (engine) will drive the sun gear (MG1) to rotate forward through the planetary gears. MG1 no longer receives power from the battery pack, but becomes a generator.Emit alternating current, through the inverter and voltage converter in PCU, it becomes low-voltage DC and charges the battery pack. In short, at idle speed,The whole engine is used to charge the battery pack..

Second, start

　　After the start signal is sent, a small amount of power will be connected to the No.2 motor, and MG2 will start to rotate. Drive the wheel (outer gear ring) to start forward rotation, and the car moves slowly. When you press the accelerator pedal slightly hard, the No.2 motor will get more power and the Prius will accelerate. Because the power of No.2 motor is very high (50KW), the low speed is also very high. Under the control of PCU, the acceleration of the car is very soft.Even by MG2 aloneYou can accelerate the Prius to a considerable speed! This starting process gives full play to MG2.Low speed and high torsionTo make up for the embarrassing situation of insufficient low-speed torque of the engine.

　　It is worth noting that if the engine is not working at this time (starting in pure electric mode), with the increase of the rotational speed of MG2, the rotational speed of MG1 will also increase rapidly. Because the speed of MG1 has an upper limit, when it reaches the upper limit, the engine is forced to start to intervene. There is a critical speed at this time. Although this speed is fixed, it is certain that the greater the intensity of stepping on the accelerator at the start, the earlier the gasoline engine will intervene (actively intervene). If you step on the accelerator all at once, the gasoline will ignite immediately.

　　In most cases, MG2 can smoothly accelerate the Prius to a good speed, but in some cases, there will be a phenomenon of insufficient power. This is what the engine will pass after intervention.Driving MG1 to generate electricity for MG2.andDirectly drive the external gear to rotate to push the wheel.Two ways to output power, it is worth mentioning that these two ways can exist at the same time. As for the proportion of each other, it depends on many factors.

Third, small load acceleration

　　When accelerating under light load, the wheels are mainly driven by MG2. With the speed of MG2 increasing, the speed of reverse rotation of the four planetary gears gradually decreases. When the speed of the gear ring is the same as that of the planetary constellation (engine), the rotation of the planetary gears stops, leaving only revolution. At this time, the planetary constellation (engine) pushes the gear ring (wheel) and sun gear (No.1 motor) through the four planetary gears that are no longer rotating, and the three speeds are consistent. MG1 continues to supply power to MG2 and charges the power battery through PCU. Thereafter, the speed of MG2 continues to increase until the vehicle reaches the target speed. At this time, the sun gear rotation speed is less than the rotation speed of the constellation.

Fourth, heavy load acceleration

　　In the face of heavy load acceleration (such as load starting), the power of MG2 can’t keep up.Engine speed increaseEntering its economic operation range, the power of the engine is greatly improved. Because the torque increase of the engine further drives MG1 to generate electricity and the power obtained by the outer ring gear increases, at the same time, the battery pack will also supply power to MG2. Thanks to this, MG2 enters the "full firepower" mode.

Fourth, driving at a constant speed

　　Driving at a constant speed occurs after the acceleration is completed. At this time, the Prius only needs to overcome all kinds of resistance, and the demand for power and torque is greatly reduced. After the throttle is relaxed, the speed of the gasoline engine decreases, and the speed of the gear ring (wheel) is higher than that of the planetary carrier (gasoline engine). At this time, the four planetary gears began to rotate forward. This forward rotation will drive the sun gear (MG1) to reverse.

　　There is something special here, as we learned from the previous article. When the power from the engine is transmitted to the outer ring gear and the sun gear through the planet carrier, the rotational speeds of the outer ring gear and the sun gear will satisfy the following formula.

　　S=C×3.6－R×2.6

　　When the rotating speed of the outer gear ring is higher than that of the planetary carrier, that is, when R>C, it is obvious that S < 0, that is, it is reversed. However, if the reverse rotation of sun gear at this time is idling (without any resistance), it will rotate so fast that all the power from the engine will be absorbed by MG1 and the external gear ring cannot be driven (because it is obviously much easier to drive sun gear than to drive the external gear ring). Therefore, MG1 will need to work in the motor mode here, so that the planet carrier can’t drive the sun gear to fly at high speed and waste the power of the engine.

　　But wouldn’t that be a waste of electricity? Therefore, in general, when cruising at high speed, MG2 becomes a generator to maintain the rotation of MG1.

　　In fact, during the whole driving process of Prius, the state of acceleration and uniform driving is constantly switching. The phase of voltage and current will be adjusted by PCU according to various operation actions such as stepping on the accelerator and releasing the accelerator, and various driving conditions of the car, and the output power and rotating direction of the motor will be changed instantly, and the functions of the two motors will be switched.

Fifth, slow down

　　In fact, the deceleration is relatively simple, with the engine turned off and the MG1 idling. MG2 is driven by the wheel and becomes a generator to absorb the deceleration energy of the wheel. And charge the battery pack.

Sixth, reverse the car

　　Thanks to the large torque of MG2, the torque MG2 required by the Prius when reversing can be easily provided. The battery pack supplies power to MG2, which drives the external gear ring to reverse, and the vehicle finishes reversing.

　　In the whole driving process of Prius, we can see that it is actually a process in which two motors and engines cooperate with each other to perfectly perform linear output under strict electromechanical conversion logic control. The basis of this perfect cooperation is the special structure of E-CVT. Because power = torque × rotational speed, the planetary gear set structure with proportionally distributed torque and infinitely distributed rotational speed enables the power of the engine to be infinitely distributed to the outer gear ring (i.e. wheels) at any time and place, thus completing all functions of the ordinary stepping gearbox!

　　The following table shows the running state of each gear of E-CVT during the whole process:

　　You can also refer to the following video to improve your understanding of the operating relationship between planetary gears, sun gears and external gear rings.

● Prospect of E-CVT

　　The appearance of gearbox was born in order to meet the different power requirements under various complex working conditions. Before it appeared, drivers needed to judge the road conditions and car conditions themselves to shift up and down in time. The advantage of this method is a strong sense of driving operation. After all, experienced drivers know what kind of power the car needs better than ECU. In addition, the advantages of simple structure, easy maintenance and small size also make the car with manual transmission have a large number of fans no matter where it is suitable.

　　The appearance of automatic gearbox is actually very early, but the real large-scale application was in the 1980 s, and it was also a free ride with the rapid development of electronic technology. Because automatic transmission is not difficult, it is difficult to change the speed more accurately. In the mechanical age, technology is obviously difficult to achieve, but nowadays, more and more intelligent ECU makes automatic transmission more and more able to understand your driving intention. But even so, the automatic gearbox still has defects:There is shift clearance.Even DCT can’t realize the real "stepless speed change".

　　As for the protagonist E-CVT in this paper, it can be said that it has reached the peak of the integration of electromechanical technology in the gearbox field. First of all, its logic control system is very complicated. In addition, it can effectively make up for the short board (low transmission power) of the traditional stepless gearbox, which integratesHigh power, quick response, stepless speed change and extremely high transmission efficiency.And other advantages in one. But it also has disadvantages:The support system is too complicated.We know that once any system is too complicated, the probability of problems will increase exponentially.　

● summary

　　Let’s make a simple summary of E-CVT:

1. Very smooth, extremely smooth

2, the transmission efficiency is high

3, simple structure and small volume

　　Let’s go back to the question at the beginning of the article about whether E-CVT is right or not. Let’s put it this way: If other power sources were not needed to cooperate with it, I’m afraid E-CVT technology would have unified the gearbox field long ago. It is precisely because of this "fatal" defect that it is simply tailored for hybrid models. Writing this analysis is not entirely for the sake of popular science, but I hope that everyone can learn more about this somewhat heterogeneous and unknown transmission structure and its thinking. Because I firmly believe that in the future when fossil energy is exhausted, E-CVT will finally shine!

It’s July, which is the midsummer season when walking on the street will melt, and it’s also the time when the automobile industry "puts a big price" in summer. Since entering the new energy era, the market share of joint venture car companies has gradually decreased, especially Korean cars, and the brand Kia of yueda seems to have gradually faded out of public view.

Recently, however, Kia coincided with its 80th anniversary, which directly brought a wave of embarrassment to consumers. The comprehensive discount of Kia EV5 reached 50,000 yuan, including 10,000 yuan for car trade-in. In fact, it’s not just KIA EV5. As of July 31st this year, consumers can enjoy different degrees of limited-time preferential policies when purchasing models such as Lion Platinum Tuojie, Satus, New K3, Sonay, Jiahua, K5 and EV6, and the comprehensive benefits can reach 73,000 yuan.

At the same time, on July 5th, Kia of yueda also announced the results of the first half of this year, and the sales volume also increased significantly. Combined with this month’s preferential policies, it seems that Kia is ready to be overjoyed and regain its market share in the era of fuel vehicles.

Yueda Kia’s sales increased significantly in the first half of the year.

As soon as the bell rang in July, many car companies produced their own report cards, and the overall sales volume of the whole market showed a thriving scene. Although KIA of yueda only released its sales volume today, although it arrived late, from the data point of view, KIA of yueda’s sales volume in the first half of the year was still remarkable.

According to official data of Kia of yueda, its sales volume in June 2024 reached 20,700 vehicles, up 32.7% year-on-year. It is worth mentioning that this is the first time since November 2020 that its monthly sales volume once again exceeded 20,000 vehicles. From January to June this year, the cumulative sales volume of Kia in yueda reached 109,600 vehicles, up 73.1% year-on-year, and the increase was really gratifying.

In fact, the bumper sales of Kia in yueda can not be separated from its business strategy of "developing both oil and electricity" and building a diversified product matrix. For example, the Kia EV5, specially launched to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the founding of Kia in yueda, is the first heavy strategic vehicle launched in China and sold worldwide, and it is also a masterpiece under the concept of "in China, for China".

Product strength of KIA EV5

Kia EV5 positioning compact SUV is a pure electric vehicle with an official guide price of 149,800-225,800, but now there is a comprehensive discount of 50,000. Its overall dimensions are 4615mm*1875mm*1715mm, and its wheelbase is 2750mm. The overall design of EV5 is individual and avant-garde, and the lines are quite smooth. Generally speaking, it is quite satisfactory, and there is no bright spot.

The interior of KIA EV5 is simple and full of science and technology, with a 12.3-inch central control panel and a 12.3-inch full LCD instrument panel in the middle, which supports CarPlay, CarLife and OTA upgrades. Seats are different for each model. For example, KIA EV5 530 Light is equipped with fabric seats, but 720 Land is made of imitation leather.

If the power lasts, the KIA EV5 two-wheel drive version adopts the front-drive drive mode, and the chassis suspension is McPherson independent suspension+five-link independent suspension. Its maximum power is 160kW, the maximum torque is 310N·m, the maximum speed is 185km/h, and the CLTC has a pure battery life of 530km and 720km. It is equipped with lithium iron carbonate batteries.

Generally speaking, the overall strength of KIA EV5 is good.

Qingdong review

Although joint venture car companies are a little behind in the new energy era, they are also catching up quickly, and yueda Kia is obviously no exception. So will the discounted KIA EV5 be your dish? Welcome to leave a message in the comments section.