Deeply study and implement the cultural thought of the supreme leader to better shoulder the new cultural mission.

  Author: Su Jiming (Professor, School of Marxism, East China Normal University, researcher, Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, Shanghai Supreme Leader)

  Corner of Guangzhou Branch of China National Edition Pavilion. Xinhua news agency

  Systematization, physics and chemistry are the inevitable requirements and basic laws of theoretical innovation and development. The development of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is a process of constantly enriching and expanding, and constantly systematizing and studying physics and chemistry. With the deepening of the practice process, the party’s theoretical innovation achievements are becoming more and more abundant. General Secretary Supreme Leader’s new ideas, new viewpoints and new judgments on cultural construction in the new era are rich in connotation and profound in exposition. They are theoretical summaries of practical experience in cultural construction of Party leadership in the new era, enrich and develop Marxist cultural theory, constitute the cultural chapter of Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, form the cultural thought of Supreme Leader, and further enrich and develop the scientific system of the Party’s innovation theory. The supreme leader’s cultural thoughts are strategically located, incisive and profound, with strong political, ideological and guiding nature, which points out the direction for further propaganda and ideological and cultural work, and must be thoroughly studied, understood and resolutely implemented.

  1. Enriched and developed Marxist cultural theory in the practice of leadership culture construction.

  Any kind of ideological theory can only glow with great vitality if it is rooted in the fertile soil of its own country and nation’s history and culture and based on vivid social practice. The cultural thought of the Supreme Leader is based on the practice of the cultural construction of the Party’s leadership in the new era, devoted to the grand goal of building a socialist cultural power and the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, fully absorbed the ideological essence of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and enriched and developed Marxist cultural theory.

  Adhere to the guidance of Marxist cultural theory and explore and summarize the laws of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Marxist cultural theory is an important part of Marxism and an important guide for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to carry out cultural construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has always adhered to the soul pulse of Marxism and the root pulse of Chinese excellent traditional culture in the theoretical and practical exploration of cultural construction. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is formed and continuously enriched and developed in the great practice of cultural construction in the new era, and it is a theoretical summary of the practical experience of the party’s leadership cultural construction in the new era. At the celebration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary of the Supreme Leader creatively incorporated cultural self-confidence into the "four self-confidences", paving the cultural background of national rejuvenation. At the national conference on propaganda and ideological work, our party’s regular understanding of propaganda and ideological work was highly summarized with "nine adherences"; At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, we made clear the "fourteen stresses" in cultural construction, clearly put forward major innovative ideas such as deeply understanding "two combinations" and shouldering new cultural missions, and put forward the major task of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation; In the important instructions for propaganda and ideological and cultural work, the requirements of "seven efforts" are put forward, which are very rich in connotation and profound in discussion.This important thought has profoundly answered the fundamental questions such as what flag to hold, what road to take, what principles to adhere to and what goals to achieve in China’s cultural construction in the new era, which not only has the innovation and breakthrough in cultural theory, but also has the deployment requirements of cultural work layout, and has continuously enriched and developed Marxist cultural theory.

  Fully absorb and stick to the wisdom and feelings of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "the tree of Marxist truth can take root only if it is rooted in the fertile soil of our own country and nation’s history and culture". The unique nature of Chinese civilization and the historical context of the Chinese nation contain rich philosophical thoughts, humanistic spirit and moral ideas, accumulate the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, contain the most fundamental spiritual genes of the Chinese nation, shape the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation, and provide rich nourishment for the endless development and growth of the Chinese nation. Only based on the magnificent history of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years can we truly understand the historical inevitability, cultural connotation and unique advantages of China Road. Only based on the profound foundation of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years can Socialism with Chinese characteristics be opened up and developed; Only by doing a good job in the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture can we give Chinese civilization modern strength with Chinese modernization. The cultural thought of the Supreme Leader is deeply rooted in the Chinese excellent traditional culture, which embodies the important characteristics of the times, nationality and practicality. It insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with Chinese excellent traditional culture, applying materialist dialectics to analyze and apply Chinese excellent traditional culture, and at the same time integrating the new spirit of the times to realize its modernization transformation, which embodies the qualities of cultural consciousness, cultural self-confidence and cultural self-improvement.

  2. It provides a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for shouldering the new cultural mission.

  Scientific theory shows the power of truth, and great practice shows the power of thought. The cultural thought of the supreme leader has defined the road map and task book of cultural construction in the new era, and provided a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for doing a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey and shouldering a new cultural mission.

  Deepen the "two combinations" and deal with the "two overall situations" with the power of thought. The road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics came out under the guidance of Marxism, and it also came out from the history of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years. "Two Combinations" is the regular knowledge we got in the course of exploring Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is the greatest magic weapon for our success. "Two Combinations", especially the second combination, is not only the method of modernizing Marxism in China, but also a profound interpretation of the method of cultural construction in the new era. The cultural thought of the Supreme Leader not only inherits and develops the essence of Marxist cultural theory, but also fully absorbs and uses the valuable resources of Chinese excellent traditional culture, which indicates that our party’s understanding of the law of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics has reached a new height, indicating that our party’s historical self-confidence and cultural self-confidence have reached a new height, and it has shown great power in China’s socialist cultural construction.

  Build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and unite and revive the great power with the power of culture. The best inheritance of history is to create a new history. The revival of a nation needs strong material strength as well as strong spiritual strength. It is our new cultural mission to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new historical starting point. With the development of the times and the deepening of practice, the cultural thought of the Supreme Leader has been developing and deepening. He regards the realization of people’s yearning for a better life as the "leader of the country" in the construction of a cultural power in the new era, pays attention to drawing wisdom for the future from historical thinking, promotes the prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promotes the prosperity of Chinese culture, and writes a new chapter of Chinese modern civilization in the process of promoting Chinese modernization, providing a strong ideological guarantee for building a socialist modern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.

  3. Write a new chapter of Chinese modern civilization.

  The grand goal of building a strong country and national rejuvenation is inspiring and inspiring. Doing a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey has a great responsibility and a glorious mission. To do a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and process, we must continue to strengthen the study, research and interpretation of the top leaders’ cultural thoughts around the implementation of the strategic plan of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and consciously implement them in all aspects and the whole process of propaganda and ideological and cultural work to promote the effectiveness of all work.

  Strengthen cultural self-confidence and realize spiritual independence. China’s communist party Historical Exhibition Hall has sprung up, the National Edition Pavilion has been opened to welcome guests, the Chinese civilization tracing project has made important progress, the national cultural digitalization strategy has been rapidly promoted, the construction of the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River National Cultural Park has been promoted in an orderly manner, and the spirit of the party and the country’s meritorious service and honor recognition has continued to play a typical demonstration role … … Major cultural projects and achievements have further enhanced the ambition, backbone and confidence of hundreds of millions of people. It is precisely in the great changes in the new era that the people of China have become more powerful in their forward momentum, more enterprising spirit, more determined in their belief in winning, and more intense in their historical consciousness and initiative. Standing at a new historical starting point, we should strengthen our cultural self-confidence, follow the laws of cultural construction, base ourselves on the great historical practice and contemporary practice of the Chinese nation, sum up China’s experience with China’s theory, upgrade China’s experience to China’s theory, and realize spiritual independence.

  Adhere to openness and tolerance, and constantly create new glory of Chinese culture. Chinese civilization has been famous for its openness and tolerance since ancient times. Zhang Qian went to the western regions, Xuanzang went west to Tianzhu, and Zheng He went west for seven times. Chinese civilization has been constantly rejuvenating in exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Today, when the future and destiny of all countries are closely linked, the inclusive coexistence, exchange and mutual learning of different civilizations play an irreplaceable role in promoting the modernization of human society and prospering the world’s civilized gardens. From the cultural footprint in the diplomacy of great powers to the resounding voice on the world stage, the Supreme Leader General Secretary put forward important ideas and propositions such as carrying forward the common values of all mankind and implementing the global civilization initiative, which injected profound and lasting cultural power into promoting the building of a community of human destiny. Facing the new journey, we should uphold openness and tolerance, transcend civilization barriers, civilizations learn from each other, civilizations tolerate and transcend civilization superiority through civilized exchanges, and learn from and absorb all outstanding achievements of human civilization with a broad mind, so as to continuously create new glories of Chinese culture.

  Adhere to integrity and innovation, and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party has led the people throughout the country to successfully promote and expand Chinese modernization, and now it has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core insists on treating science with a scientific attitude, pursuing the truth with the spirit of truth, unswervingly adhering to the basic principles of Marxism, unswervingly adhering to the overall leadership of the party, unswervingly adhering to Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and persisting in both innovation and innovation, with great courage and boldness, promoting the propaganda of ideological and cultural undertakings in the new era and making historic achievements. The ideological situation has undergone an overall and fundamental change. The cultural self-confidence of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country has been significantly enhanced, and their mental outlook has become more energetic and more active. In the face of the mission of the new era and new journey, we should profoundly understand and grasp the outstanding continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace of Chinese civilization, adhere to the principle of being upright and not conservative, respect the past and not retro, and "never forget the original, absorb foreign countries and face the future". Adhere to the position of Chinese culture, inherit Chinese cultural genes, persistently promote the "second combination", persist in activating the long-standing Chinese civilization with the power of Marxist truth, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, vigorously carry forward revolutionary culture, develop advanced socialist culture, and continue the historical context with the righteousness and spirit of innovation.In the struggle and practice of building a socialist cultural power and building a modern civilization of the Chinese nation, we will show new weather and new actions.

On April 4th, the whole city of Shanghai conducted nucleic acid testing. Please register in advance and save the QR code with screenshots today.

  According to the "Shanghai Release" WeChat WeChat official account news, in order to curb the spread of the epidemic as soon as possible, and realize the social dynamic clearing as soon as possible, according to the previous nucleic acid screening situation, Shanghai will carry out a nucleic acid test in the whole city tomorrow (4th).

  Remind the general public friends:

  1. Please select "Nucleic Acid Detection Service" in Health Cloud APP or applet in advance today, register and save the QR code by screen capture, and pay attention to the accuracy and completeness of information registration.

  2. In order to carry out nucleic acid detection services more smoothly, the first and second channels of "Healthy Cloud" are available for citizens to choose when registering.

  3. Older people and children can choose "non-self" to register on the Health Cloud APP or applet by their relatives.

  4. Please actively cooperate with the public, and participate in nucleic acid testing in time-sharing and batch-by-batch order according to the notification requirements of street communities or units to ensure that "no one is left behind". Keep indoors until you are notified to take samples.

  5. Please consciously maintain the order of sampling points and obey the guidance arrangement. When queuing for sampling, please wear a mask, keep a distance of 2 meters, do not crowd and gather, do not chat and smoke.

  6. Please wear a mask immediately after nucleic acid sampling, return home as soon as possible, and continue to stay indoors.

  7. Members of the public can check the results of nucleic acid testing through the "follow-up bid".

Central Meteorological Observatory: Heavy rain and strong convection warning are all in full swing, and the high temperature tolerance in Huanghuai and other places in North China is full.

  Cctv newsAccording to the Central Meteorological Observatory, yesterday, heavy rainfall mainly occurred in eastern Sichuan, northwestern and southwestern Shaanxi, central Shanxi, northeastern Shandong, central Guangxi, eastern Guangdong and other places, including Chengdu, Mianyang and Guangyuan in Sichuan, Hanzhong in Shaanxi, Baise in Guangxi and Shanwei in Guangdong. Thunderstorms or hailstorms occurred in southern Ningxia, north-central Shaanxi, western Shanxi, and central and eastern Shandong. It is estimated that there will be heavy rain or rainstorm in the southwestern Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan Basin, Jianghan, Jianghuai, northern Jiangnan, eastern Huanghuai, eastern North China, southern Liaoning and northern Heilongjiang on the 28th to 30th, with local heavy rain accompanied by obvious strong convective weather. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning for heavy rain and strong convective weather this morning.

  Today, there are heavy rainstorms in Liaodong Peninsula, eastern Beijing, northern Tianjin, northeastern Hebei, central and eastern Shandong, eastern Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi, most of Chongqing and western Hubei, among which there is heavy rain (100-140 mm) in northern Chongqing, accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 30-50 mm, and the local area can exceed 60 mm). Parts of northeastern Inner Mongolia, southwestern Heilongjiang, central and western Jilin, southern Liaoning, southeastern Shaanxi, eastern Hebei, eastern Beijing, Tianjin, northern and eastern Shandong, northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu and other places will have 8-10 thunderstorms or hail weather, and the local wind can reach 11.

  The public should pay attention to the weather in time, prevent the adverse effects of heavy rainfall and local strong convective weather on traffic travel, and stay away from areas with high risk of meteorological disasters.

  In addition, it is expected that there will still be many hot weather in North China, Huanghuai and other places in the next two weeks, with the main high temperature periods from June 29 to July 2 and July 6-10. The daily maximum temperature in central Inner Mongolia, North China, Huanghuai and Fenwei Plain will be 35℃ ~ 39℃, and the local temperature can reach 41℃. High temperature weather is full of endurance, so the public should pay attention to temperature changes, reduce outdoor activities, take measures to prevent heatstroke and heat stroke.

Legend of Chongqing Specialty (111) The Origin of Chongqing Hotpot! The truth may surprise you …

Chongqing city looks like a pot of hot pot!

Surrounded by two rivers, is it like a pot of hot pot soup? And the Yuzhong Peninsula, like a piece of fresh hairy belly floating on the hot pot, is scalding … Some people say that Chongqing is more like a mandarin duck pot, with red soup on the Yangtze River and clear soup on the Jialing River.

No wonder Chongqing hot pot is famous all over the world. Chongqing looks like it, which is very good with hot pot.

Five conjectures

For decades, many people have been trying to research the origin of Chongqing hot pot, but they have not found a convincing source. I combed it, and there are five main origins of Chongqing hot pot mentioned in various articles. I call them "five conjectures" about the origin of Chongqing hot pot.

Conjecture 1: the origin theory of jiangbei street.This is the view of Li Jieren, a famous Sichuan writer who has opened a restaurant in Shanghai and worked as a vice mayor of Chengdu. In Li Jieren’s article "Talking about the basic necessities of life in Chinese-1947 and 1948", there is such a passage: "Eating beef omasum hotpot with buffalo originated in Jiangbei, on the other side of Chongqing. At first, the general retail dealer bought buffalo viscera, washed it and boiled it, then cut the liver and stomach into small pieces, put a mud stove on the shoulder, and put a griddle iron basin on the stove. The pot was turned upside down and boiled with a spicy, hemp and salty marinade. So people on the bridge by the river, friends who generally sell labor, and beggars who want to eat meat after earning a few words, gathered around the burden and benefited. It is not only economical, but also can increase the quantity of calories. I haven’t known it for many years, and it was all noticed by people above the class of Little Bourgeois. It was not until 21 or 22 years of the Republic of China that a small restaurant in Chongqing Commercial Street ennobled him and moved him from the head to the table.

Conjecture 2: the origin theory of "water eight blocks"On the streets of Chongqing, there is also a hot pot restaurant named "Shuibakuai", which is probably a belief in this school of theory. Some people think that at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was a popular way to eat "eight pieces of water" on the docks and streets of Chongqing. On the roadside food stall, there are small dishes filled with all kinds of beef offal, and there is a mud stove next to the stall. There is a large pot with a grid on the stove, and the pot is spicy soup base. Diners pick raw slices from the plates to burn food, and then count the plates to pay for it.

Conjecture 3: the origin theory of Zaifang Street.Zaifang Street, next to Chuandao turn, is under the existing Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge. This is the slaughter place of cattle and sheep in Chongqing in those days. According to this view, Chongqing hot pot originated in this place around the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926). Because after the cattle were slaughtered here, no one wanted the beef offal, so some people collected these beef offal that nobody cared about and opened a spicy hot pot restaurant.

Conjecture 4: the theory of the origin of boatmen.This statement is very common, and many hot pot owners have told me so. Chongqing is a big wharf with many boatmen. For the convenience of eating, at the bow of the boat and by the river, boatmen casually set up a pot to pick up or buy some beef offal that was not needed in the slaughterhouse. When the spicy soup was cooked, the hot pot was born.

Guess 5: the theory of the origin of miscellaneous vegetables.This origin, because it is not clean, even a little disgusting, is basically not mentioned in all hot pot restaurants now. Why? Because, miscellaneous vegetables are the leftovers in the restaurant before. Every day, especially in larger restaurants, a lot of leftovers are accumulated. Restaurants gather these leftovers together, wholesale them to vendors, buy them back from vendors, pack them in cauldrons, and sell them to poor people passing by on the side of the pier. A spoonful of miscellaneous vegetables and a bowl of "Maoertou" dry rice is a meal. There are also some poor families who buy some to go home and eat them as food. There is some oil and water in the miscellaneous vegetables, which can also be regarded as a beating in sumptuous food.

Leftovers naturally don’t taste good. Small vendors engaged in miscellaneous vegetables business came up with a clever idea, adding a lot of sea pepper and pepper. Under the hot marijuana, all the strange smells were suppressed. The poor people who bought home, after eating miscellaneous vegetables, will continue to cook vegetables with the remaining spicy soup base-hot pot was born. Miscellaneous vegetables, this name is not nice, so people gave it a nice name, called "Naolong Palace".

Miscellaneous vegetables are found all over the country. Beijing is called "combined vegetables", which is actually leftovers. During the Anti-Japanese War, the beggar boss of Marble Stone married his daughter, and he did a lot of things in the open air by the Marble Stone River. All the banquets that beggars come to eat are "making trouble with the Dragon Palace".

It is said that in the past, the income from selling miscellaneous vegetables in restaurants was not the boss’s, but the private account of all the guys.

Because the grade of miscellaneous vegetables is very low, Chongqing people swear and often use the word "miscellaneous vegetables": you miscellaneous vegetables! Here, miscellaneous vegetables are basically equivalent to the "three abuses" in Mandarin.

Which conjecture is more correct?

These five conjectures about the origin of hot pot have been flying around for many years in the smell of hot pot over Chongqing, and no one can explain themselves.

There are different opinions, which makes the owners of Chongqing Hot Pot Restaurant unable to recognize their ancestors. Some bosses, who can’t wait, just find an ancestor at random and hang it on the wall for three incense sticks in the morning and evening. If you are bold, simply claim that I am the first one. Why don’t you find another one to come out?

This article dare not say the final conclusion, just trying to get as close to the truth as possible.

According to the basic logic theorem, if there are two different descriptions of the same object, there must be a false one. Besides, there are five different descriptions. What should we do? I suggest we try the "exclusion method" first.

Personally, the most popular "the origin of boatmen" is the first of these five conjectures to be eliminated.

There are docks all over the Chuanjiang River and boatmen all over the Yangtze River. If hot pot originated from boatmen, why is it unique to Chongqing? Is it possible that the boatmen in Yibin, Luzhou, Fuling and Wanxian will not eat? Are they all that stupid? I don’t know if I want to use spicy soup to cook vegetables. They don’t kill cattle there? There will be no abandoned beef offal?

Therefore, if the boatman origin theory holds, then the origin of Chongqing hot pot is not Chongqing, but the whole Sichuan River. Chongqing hot pot will be sadly renamed Chuanjiang hot pot-where there are no boatmen in Chuanjiang? Where is Chuanjiang spicy? Where do boatmen not eat? Where is the dock free of beef offal?

Besides, why should only a boatman set up a pot and burn food with spicy soup base? Will beggars? Will the porters on the dock? I think farmers are also very likely. In the field, a pot and a dish can be very hot. Can we also have a theory of the origin of farmers, porters and beggars?

In fact, before Chongqing hot pot, there was no record of spicy hot pot in Sichuan. Therefore, the origin of Chongqing hot pot must be found in the history of Chongqing, not on the Chuanjiang River. That is really the wrong dock.

Some people take a photo of a boatman eating hot pot in the late Qing Dynasty as an ironclad proof that hot pot originated from boatmen. Oh, my god, this photo can only prove that they are eating hot pot, and it can only prove that there was a hot pot in the late Qing Dynasty. Who eats hot pot? He invented this hot pot? This logic is too powerful. I still eat hot pot every week. Why didn’t you say that hot pot was invented by me?

This theory of origin has no facts and no logical support.

The second thing to be eliminated is "eight pieces of water".

It is a mistake as the name implies to say that eight pieces of water originated from hot pot. Hot pot is what you eat in the spicy soup base! It has never been "eight pieces of water".

The book "Cuisine of Sichuan Cuisine", published in 1980s, has an entry of "eight pieces of water". Eight pieces of water is a kind of cold chicken. Use a male chick, boil it in boiling water a little, and cut it off. Then remove the chicken head, chicken feet and chicken wings, just cut the chicken body in half and then in half, cut it into eight pieces, and then use the oblique knife method to connect the bones with the meat and slice it into pieces of uniform size. Put it in a big basin, add red oil and other seasonings and mix well.

This is a folk dish, which used to belong to the category of "Tian Xi".

The book Sichuan Cuisine is very authoritative in the industry. When this book was written, many chefs and gourmets in the Republic of China were still alive, and many dishes in the book were handed down by these masters, so they didn’t talk nonsense.

I used to cook chicken, as if I liked the word "eight pieces", and there is a famous dish called "eight pieces of chicken with fish flavor". In short, it is to cut the chicken into pieces, like fried crispy meat, coat it with egg powder, fry it twice in oil pan, fry it until crispy, and then pour in fish sauce. In fact, it is not necessary to cut only eight pieces, but to use the expression "one chicken cuts eight pieces" to describe that this chicken piece should not be too small, otherwise it will not be enough to chew.

Therefore, eight pieces of water and hot pot have nothing to do with fart. It’s all a lie, plus a rumor.

There are three theories of origin: Li Jieren’s theory of the origin of Jiangbei, others’ theory of the origin of Zhafang Street, and the theory of the origin of miscellaneous vegetables that is not so tall.

Of these three origins, the first two are about the place of origin. Only the theory of the origin of miscellaneous vegetables is about the origin of the vegetables themselves.

It doesn’t matter where the place of origin is in Chongqing. No one can come up with hard evidence to prove that the hot pot came from my Dajiang North, or from my Dazaifang Street. The existing ones are all isolated evidence or legends. What we need to analyze is the time interval when hot pot was born in Chongqing and its evolution process.

Many famous dishes, especially hot pot, a special diet form, are unlikely to be so-and-so geniuses. Most of the whimsy after waking up goes through an evolutionary process and then gradually takes shape.

Evolution process of hot pot

This is also my guess, not necessarily right. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct me.

In the mid-Qing Dynasty, peppers came to the table in Sichuan.

But the premise of hot pot is not only pepper and pepper, but also oil and water. Scoop a spoonful of water to ensure that you can’t cook the taste of hot pot. If you have to cook it, it is estimated that no one will eat it. In those days, regular restaurants, no matter how big or small, could not invent the form of hot pot-in those days, spicy food was very off the table and was the food of the poor.

Slowly, by the end of the Qing dynasty, some small restaurants began to appear spicy dishes. This can be seen from the book "Chengdu Overview" published in 1908. At that time, less than 10% of the dishes in Chengdu restaurants were spicy. This is a very strange phenomenon. Restaurants refuse spicy food, but it has long been popular among the people-I have a book "Zhong Fu Lu" written by Zeng Yi, a beautiful woman in Chengdu during the Xianfeng period, which contains her family’s method of making watercress.

Then, the combination of miscellaneous vegetables and spicy food should be the earliest form of hot pot.

Miscellaneous vegetables and peppers all come from grass roots. After the combination of the two, you can use pepper to suppress the strange smell of miscellaneous vegetables. More importantly, the combination of oil and water in miscellaneous vegetables and pepper and pepper is the necessary condition for the birth of hot pot-we have to talk about logic, right?

Since the miscellaneous vegetables with pepper and pepper are not difficult to eat, can we not waste the soup after eating the miscellaneous vegetables? Something hot, isn’t it delicious and economical? If you add a little unwanted beef offal, the oil and water will increase and the taste will be good-well, in this way, the hot pot will stumble all the way to us.

The boss who started making hot pot is probably the one who sold miscellaneous vegetables.

To establish this form of hot pot, several conditions must be met: first, the bottom soup should have oil and water; Second, pepper and pepper have widely entered the people; Third, there are cheap sources of goods, such as beef offal and pig offal; Fourth, there are a large number of customers-friends who are so poor.

Unfortunately, Chongqing meets all these four conditions.

Miscellaneous vegetables have oil and water; Pepper was already popular in the late Qing Dynasty, which is recorded in writing. Chongqing Zaifang Street is not far from the pier, and the purchase channel of beef offal is very convenient; Plus Chongqing Grand Pier, the rich are a dime a dozen, and the poor are more than a dime a dozen.

Hot pot, in this way, is separated from miscellaneous vegetables and becomes an independent diet form-Heroes don’t ask about their origins, but delicious food is king!Chongqing hot pot, which was born at the grassroots level, set off in this way and headed for its sea of stars!

At the beginning, hot pot was probably also a tourist stall, and then some tourist stalls with good business were fixed as sitting stalls.

Early chafing dish, I believe, is not only available in Chongqing, but all places that meet these four conditions are likely to develop this form of chafing dish independently or by reference. It’s just that in my big Chongqing, this hot pot is booming.

In the early 1920s, there was a "worthwhile" pub in Shuigou Street, jiangbei town. The location of this pub is relatively partial. In the past, it mainly sold "cold single bowls", that is, loose wine with a little peanuts and dried beans, and the business was not good. Later, the hot pot business was added, and the business was good.

However, this is not the earliest hot pot in Chongqing. Because, at this time, there are already many open-air hot pot stalls on the roadside of Chaotianmen and other docks. Moreover, this "worthwhile" is definitely not the first, but other restaurants that learn from cats and tigers.

At that time, the hot pot stalls were sloppy. A mud stove, an iron pot, and inside the iron pot, there is a tic-tac-toe nine-square grid that is still in use. Next to the pot, there is a chopping board. The main dishes on the chopping board are: beef oil residue, beef heart, beef liver, large intestine and leg meat. Vegetarian dishes are wrapped in white, green onions and garlic seedlings, and there are also dried rice and dried rice.

The boss stood behind the chopping board with a kitchen knife in his hand. Beef oil residue and other meat dishes have been cut into large chunks, and diners (basically laborers) feed by the chunks, while the boss helps diners change the designated meat dishes into knives and cut them into small pieces. Everyone eats their own food-please note that there is no hairy belly at this time. As for vegetarian dishes, they are charged by the "handful", and the boss pays how much for each handful.

In the early days, except for the docks at Chaotianmen, most of the hot pot stalls in the city were concentrated under the eaves of the street at Jiaochangkou, and their management methods were the same as those on the docks. Jiaochangkou was a slum in Chongqing. The rich people in Chongqing are mostly in Duyou Street (now Jie Fangbei) not far away.

Compared with the most famous hot pot stall in the market, the boss nicknamed it "Li Maomi". When he counted the diners, he used the old small copper coins. Small copper coins are also called cents, so they got this nickname. Li Maomi is good at business. Every morning, he collects lithograph posters of various theaters on that day and sticks them on the wall next to the stall, where diners can talk while eating. This hot pot stall was destroyed by war during the Anti-Japanese War.

Chongqing hot pot is so famous that it has become a representative of spicy hot pot. This is related to the location of Chongqing. Before the Anti-Japanese War, Chongqing was the largest water wharf, the largest commercial city and the largest industrial city in southwest China (although there were few industries), and there were many poor people, so this hot pot stall correspondingly increased, and its reputation gradually increased.

Chongqing hot pot became famous all over the country, which really depended on the Anti-Japanese War.

Almost all the famous hot pot restaurants I can find are famous during the Anti-Japanese War. These hot pot restaurants are: Yunlong Garden, Luminous Cup and Shuyuan in Linjiangmen; 141 of Mihua Street (now Bayi Road) (later merged with Yunlong Garden in 141); Do not return if you are not drunk on May 4th Road; The "Han Palace Maodu Hotpot" in the Spiritual Fortress (now Jie Fangbei) … and so on.

Can’t help but say a digression. Now some hot pot restaurants like to recognize their ancestors. Of course, not only Chongqing, but also many places in China have this bad habit: find a brand that has disappeared from history, and then run out to recognize their ancestors and say that they are descendants. I’m sorry, please show me the chain of evidence, or I won’t recognize your grandson who was born. Especially those who call themselves the "first family" are even more absurd. Hot pot is a gradually formed diet, and it is impossible to prove who is the first one!

Get down to business. Hot pot stalls have appeared, can the hot pot restaurant be far behind? However, who actually moved the hot pot from the roadside stall into the small restaurant has no test now.

The hot pot at that time was completely different from now. Mr. Ma Zhitu once recalled the scene when he was eating hot pot in Chongqing: "Just lowering the table, sitting on a high stool, stepping on the table, shirtless, eating and drinking loudly, is really called eating Chongqing hot pot." -At that time, hot pot, put a small mud stove on the table, a small pot on the stove, or one person, or several people, sit around and eat.

The stove is on the table, and diners have to sit on high stools. The trick of burying hot pot in the table will take a long time to appear.

Ma Shitu, a famous person, ate a lot of hot pot in Chongqing and wrote a lot about it. Slowly, the fame of Chongqing hot pot spread far and wide.

 Finally, let’s guess againThe birth path of hot pot(The following is pure conjecture. If there is anything wrong, please criticize.)

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the popularization of peppers, miscellaneous vegetables, peppers and prickly ash were finally happily combined.

Then, the hot pot is separated from the miscellaneous vegetables. After several years, from 1900 to 1910, people began to forget the relationship between hot pot and miscellaneous vegetables. At this time, as an independent diet, hot pot was accepted by people.

Then (1910-1920), hot pot booths appeared, that is, the predecessors who carried the burden of hot pot and wandered around.

Some hot pot stalls with good business have been fixed and become hot pot stalls. After another, more people joined the team of hot pot stalls. However, the hot pot fixed stall and the traveling stall are likely to coexist, just as the traveling stall and the fixed stall in Dandan Noodles have coexisted for a long time.

Around 1920, the business of hot pot stalls became better and better. The population of Greater Chongqing is also increasing. Many high-end people not only like the heavy taste of hot pot, but also don’t want to put down their bodies, go to the roadside and rummage around in a pot with people who are working hard. At this time, some restaurants began to put hot pot on the table one after another.sideline in.

The professional hot pot restaurant appeared later, and it is estimated that it will not appear until around 1930.

The final shape, development and popularity of Chongqing hot pot in the whole country was during the Anti-Japanese War.

Original title: the origin of Chongqing hot pot! The truth may surprise you …

I promised her that I would eat braised pork every day after the epidemic.

The exclusive non-fiction works are first published in the mirror column. If you need to reprint them, please contact the backstage of WeChat in Paike Workshop.

Text | huimin jin

Edit | Lin Ziyao

Editor’s note:

On April 7, 2022, Pudong Hospital was transformed into a designated hospital in COVID-19 to treat COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. Dr. huimin jin, doctoral supervisor of Fudan University and director of the Department of Nephrology of Pudong Hospital, and his colleagues stuck to their posts in a special period and fought day and night to save many hemodialysis patients.

The following is his medical diary:

April 26, 2022

The 20th day of the designated hospital.

How time flies! In a blink of an eye, I have been in charge of hemodialysis patients in designated hospitals for 20 days. Although some have returned to the community after discharge, there are still patients who are constantly new and seriously ill. Every morning, like a war, it is necessary to focus on the seriously ill patients and decide which patients need bedside dialysis, and the patients whose condition is relatively stable will go to the hemodialysis room for dialysis. The doctor’s advice for hemodialysis should be made on the same day, and the corresponding ward should be informed. Checking nucleic acid is also an important task, which is the standard to judge whether a patient can leave the hospital. The first batch of medical staff in the hospital have changed rooms, but all our nephrologists are in the first batch, and there are no redundant doctors to change with us, so we must continue to work.

Originally, the work has been on the right track, and everyone is proceeding in an orderly way. At the same time, we hope to treat more COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. However, this calm mood was interrupted by a sudden notice yesterday afternoon. The hospital asked all positive patients in our hospital to be transferred to other designated hospitals the next day (today) in order to make room for bleeding and provide treatment for more negative hemodialysis patients. So, several doctors filled in all the information of patients to be transferred, wrote the transfer summary and transfer receipt …… and arranged dialysis for hemodialysis patients this morning (Tuesday).

Dr Yang Xiuhong.

After Dr. Yang took over from the night shift, he contacted each ward about dialysis this morning, so as to ensure that after dialysis, the burden of doctors in the next receiving hospital will not be increased, and it is hoped that there will be no more dialysis for a long time and emergency hemodialysis will be needed in the new hospital. Today, all doctors and hemodialysis nurses arrived at their posts during the day to arrange dialysis and transfer to other hospitals. The head nurse of nephrology repeatedly checks the patient information to avoid information errors or missing any hemodialysis patients, and at the same time, she personally checks in the ward to do a good job in the ideological work of each patient’s cooperation with the transfer. Dr. Bao and Dr. Zhang are responsible for the guarantee of bus transshipment, and personally pay full armed to accompany patients to the corresponding hospitals.

The work in designated hospitals should have ended here. According to the regulations, it should be 7+7 (isolation for 7 days+isolation at home for 7 days), but our team can only rest for one week, and other COVID-19-negative patients are waiting for us. I would like to thank all the friends of our hemodialysis team here. Without your support and dedication, everything would be impossible, and it is still vivid to dispatch emergency bedside dialysis every night. ……

List of nine doctors: huimin jin, Gu Huifang, Gu Yanhong, Zhou Dongchi, Zhan Xiaoli, Fu Shunkun, Yang Xiuhong, Bao Wenjing and Zhang Hua.

Doctor’s photo (1)

Thirteen nurses in hemodialysis room: Shen Li, Li Dongfeng, Guo Xiaocui, Huang Minmin, Huang Shidan, Qian Jiayan, Wu Huimin, Gu Xuehua, Zhu Danhong, Zhang Wei, Gu Xiaoli, Chen Xiaoqing and Cao Honghui. Li Li and Lai Bihong, head nurses of nephrology and hemodialysis room. Finally, I would also like to thank Shen Li, the benchmark nurse of hemodialysis, for building a WeChat group for our team-Left-behind Hemodialysis Desperate Saburo. In this group, many important rescues are issued and executed from the group. It may not be appropriate to call Saburo Desperate. There are only three male doctors, and the other doctors and nurses are all women, but it doesn’t matter. Everyone just works hard or Saburo Desperately.

After nearly a month’s treatment of hemodialysis patients in a closed community and 20 days’ experience in a designated hospital, the biggest change is that the hair of our female doctors and nurses in charge of hemodialysis is dry and forked, and half of my own white hair is now completely white. This is the biggest change during the epidemic, and this change will continue. I don’t know when it will end. Let’s experience the feeling of home. Tomorrow will be a 5+2 rest. Tomorrow is also our doctor Yang’s birthday. Her greatest wish is to have a braised pork, but such a simple wish is hard to come true, because we can’t go home. I have promised her that I can let her eat braised pork every day after the epidemic is over.

April 17, 2022

The 11th day of the designated hospital.

Seven o’clock. The epidemic in Shanghai began in mid-March, and it has been a month now.

Our young doctors have experienced too many things that have never been touched before, and they all feel physically and mentally exhausted, and they feel like they are collapsing at any time.

Dr. Zhang Hua is one of the young doctors. Today, I ended my diary with Dr. Zhang Hua’s essay:

When I left home, my little grandpa couldn’t shout clearly. Now he can recognize Arabic numerals, and he has been fighting the epidemic for 42 days in the blink of an eye. I entered the cabin at 2 am last night, and more than eight hours have passed since I came out. I have always felt that some patients are pitiful and always want to be perfect, but there are too many poor people in the world. Classmates say you always pity others. Does anyone pity you? Yes, we are also the poorest people. We always want to protect others as much as possible, but who will protect us? From the first closed-loop week, sleeping in hospital beds and camp beds to living without a fixed place, we have been persisting and persisting.

One day it happened that I was on duty 24 hours a day. At last, after everyone left, the ward was empty, except for the noisy voice of the construction team. I felt scared alone in the duty room. Our patients on the 13th floor temporarily merged into 15A, but the doctor on duty did not have a foothold in 15A, so I went to the 13B duty room for one night.

Later, I heard that the hospital was going to become a control area. Area A was the remaining negative patients, and Area B was the patients from the control area. Later, the hospital arranged a hotel for us, and we finally ended the days of moving around. Slowly, the number of patients in the control area increased, and later, other hospitals transferred a group of patients to our hospital overnight, and some medical staff fell down because of their busy work.

Doctor’s photo (2)

This period of time is the most difficult time in our department. We have to take care of patients across several wards, and there are constant emergency consultations and hemodialysis patients in the middle of the night. The most impressive time for me was that I invited 5-6 urgent consultations in the emergency room one night, which was equivalent to that I hardly slept in the middle of the night. In the most difficult time, only three doctors in our ward were on duty 24 hours a day. Later, there were more and more emergency cases and more and more serious cases. Dr. Fu is our big brother. He shoulders the burden of the control area and consultation. He takes care of all the serious first-aid patients in advance. We three little guys are in charge of the ward, and Director Jin takes the initiative to take the fourth shift of hemodialysis (equivalent to 24-hour round-the-clock rotation in the hemodialysis room).

Because recently, many people can’t get dialysis treatment in time because of closure, and some of them have not had dialysis for 5-6 days, and their lives will be in danger at any time. For them, Director Jin opened the fourth hemodialysis class without hesitation, so we maintained it for some time. Thank you, Brother Fu, for silently taking on so much for us, because he has to keep shuttling through the sealed control area, emergency room and fever clinic (some patients have no nucleic acid reports), and he can only bite the bullet to save his life. Our brother Fu finally fell down. Yes, this is our life. I hope that the epidemic will end as soon as possible, that we will return home as soon as possible, and that our son can recognize his mother … "

May 4, 2022:

Today is the first day of the change from positive to negative. After a short week’s rest, the original dialysis room was completely sterilized, and the first batch of patients were ushered in after many sampling inspections passed. Most of them are our old patients, and everyone is very happy to meet again. It is also orderly to enter the hemodialysis room in the morning, and most of them have 24-hour nucleic acid negative results. Individuals who do not have 24-hour nucleic acid also communicate with patients and their families, and immediately contact the neighborhood Committee to complete the nucleic acid test as soon as possible after returning.

Jin Yisheng examined the patient.

At 5: 30 in the evening, the third class of patients arrived and met another patient who needed temporary deep vein catheterization due to internal fistula occlusion. With the joint efforts of the Deputy Director of Vascular Surgery and Dr. Zhou of Nephrology Department, the catheter was successfully placed and dialysis began immediately. Today, three classes of dialysis, Nephrology dispatched nine doctors, cooperated together, and the division of labor was clear, and the dialysis of nearly 200 patients in three classes was completed in an orderly manner.

Today, the weather is fine, and the sun is shining brightly during the day, but our medical and service staff still need to put on white clothes, and they are already sweating before they work. The third nurse kept calling for heat after getting on the plane, but there was no way but to endure it. I hope these days will end as soon as possible.

The happiest thing today is that our doctor Fu has recovered. He is in the third shift today, and his spirit is very good. Together with him and Dr. Yang, I checked the patients in the third shift well. Dr. Fu particularly emphasized one patient. This patient is an old patient in our center. Last night, he went to Chuansha People’s Hospital because of chest pain. In the emergency department, he checked his electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes, all of which were abnormal, but the patient refused to be hospitalized. Dialysis happened to consult Dr. Xiao Fu again this evening. Dr. Xiao Fu patiently and carefully looked at all the tests of the patient and thought that acute myocardial infarction could not be ruled out. He suggested that the patient go to Chuansha Hospital immediately after dialysis tonight, because the emergency room of Pudong Hospital was temporarily closed, and the hospital was a designated COVID-19 positive hospital. Everything is for the safety of patients, and Dr. Xiao Fu has brought the concept of our department to the extreme. This is our work style, and we praise such doctors.

 

Besides the revenge story, what other places in revenant are worth seeing?

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: filmmore, welcome to pay attention!

   1905 movie network exclusive feature The annual Oscar is not only a great event for American filmmakers, but also a good day for China fans to give directions. This year’s Oscar attracted unprecedented attention in China because Leonardo DiCaprio, a professional running companion, was shortlisted for the best actor again, and finally got his long-cherished wish. revenant, which starred in it, also reported the news of the introduction of a fixed file at the first time. And the speed with which the files are booked is probably related to the fact that "revenant" has a China gold master — — The operation of Aofei animation is related, and it is a great blessing for fans to see the award-winning films in a short time after the award ceremony. At the same time, I have to admire the domestic propaganda companies, and they have done a good job in propaganda and got full marks in wit.

 

    Although Xiao Lizi has already changed from the "king of face value" to a walking expression pack, and the love of domestic audiences has not diminished, "revenant" is extremely cold, without a trace of teasing, and the plot is not tortuous. The film length of two and a half hours makes people gasp. A 156-minute single-line revenge story, what elements should the audience pay attention to besides patience? Perhaps the answer can be found outside the plot of revenant.

A Sketch of Hugh Glass in 1830 and Hugh Glass in revenant

When the story becomes a myth, restore the real Hugh Glass.

 

    Revenant is adapted from a true story, and Hugh Glass did exist in history. This seems to be an incredible and shocking propaganda point, and it has almost become a well-known fact. However, there is a big misunderstanding in this statement. Accurately speaking, revenant is adapted from Michael Punke’s novel The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge, which was published in 2002, and this novel is based on three Grasse novels — — Re-creation of Lord Grizzly》(1954), The Saga of Hugh Glass》(1976) and Hugh Glass》 (1999). Several retelling of the story turned a bear’s death into a revenge legend on the screen today, while the real Glass was partially hidden.

 

    Glass was a middle-aged pirate before he was bitten off by a grizzly bear. After escaping from the pirate ship, he braved hardships to cross two cannibal tribes, but witnessed his friend being burned alive. Of course, this is not seen in revenant. The season when Grass dragged fifty paw prints from the grizzly bear across hundreds of miles of barren territory was not the cold winter in the movie, but the refreshing and pleasant late summer. There is no evidence that Glass had a Boni Indian wife and had a son with her. It is also not credible that he eats buffalo liver raw, falls off a cliff on horseback, and hides in the horse’s stomach to keep warm.

Revenant is adapted from The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge published in 2002.

    Hugh Glass was born in Pennsylvania. He may have had a wife and two sons, but he abandoned them. When I was in my thirties, I owned a boat and was robbed off the coast of Texas today. I chose the former between joining pirates and dying. After a year of robbery, kidnapping and murder, Glass escaped with another pirate. Although Glass did have contact with Boni Indians before meeting Andrew Henry’s Mountain Man team, it was the Boni who burned his pirate friend to death.

 

    However, after Glass was attacked by a grizzly bear, there was little chance of survival, so he stayed to take care of his two people — — John Fitzgerald and Brij took care of him as much as possible, waiting for him to die with dignity. After waiting for five days, Glass still didn’t die. After getting the reward, the two decided to leave Glass and let it die. Fitzgerald and Bridger took Glass’s gun, knife, tomahawk and flint, and placed him near the berry bush and near the stream. Fitzgerald may not have thought of burying Glass alive. When Glass arrived at Fort Atkinson, Fitzgerald had already been called into the army and became a soldier.

Stalin trained body double, and it is difficult to tell the truth from his own daughter. The widely circulated photos are not himself.

Stalin, the leader of the former Soviet Union, whether a hero or a dictator, when a person is the supreme leader of a country, there are countless people in the audience who are afraid of his position, and how many pairs of eyes are watching him in the dark.

Since it is a reform, it will affect the interests of some people. In order to better secure their position and let their own work last longer, It is naturally necessary to find body double.

First, the shadow is for the real body, and the real body always walks alone.

Stalin, as the supreme leader in the former Soviet Union, attracted much attention in the social period at that time. Every move of a leader will become the focus of international attention and the object of international research.Therefore, we should pay great attention to our own safety, and at the same time, in order to be more efficient, it is necessary to cultivate body double as our own shadow.

1. Being in multiple places saves time.

You should know that as a national leader, time is not under his control at all, but is completely dominated by complicated things. Many things in the country need to be decided by himself. Moreover, the former Soviet Union is a country with a large population and is in a period of change in history. Stalin needs other departments to relieve his busyness, but he often needs to be present himself. In this case, politicians always feel overwhelmed.

To save time, Your own body double can be distributed to every place that needs you., to complete the corresponding things for yourself, the more things you need, the more body double you need.

However, as a shadow of body double, it is not an easy task to confuse the real with the fake. As we all know, there are no two identical leaves in the world, even twins actually have a big gap, not to mention Stalin’s body double, which must be completely similar in both manner and action. At the same time, we have to face the disaster of being killed at any time.

2. Different occasions, different body double

Body double can be flexibly adjusted according to different occasions. Sometimes Stalin needs to go to two places at the same time, but because the distance between them is too far, body double’s role will be revealed at this time. Everyone who becomes body double’s true identity and past will be erased.This is to prevent some lawless elements from being able to judge whether it is Stalin through character information.

At the same time, it also prevents criminals from controlling body double’s family to threaten body double. Although body double is involved, their lives and families will be protected by the state in all aspects. Naturally, there is no need to worry about this aspect of life.

In order to confuse body double and Stalin in appearance, These body double often have cosmetic surgery,At the same time, we will study Stalin’s life several years in advance, so as to prevent leaks. It can be said that body double is Stalin and Stalin is body double.

Sometimes, for Stalin’s safety, body double also needs to devote his life. Rubensky worked as a body double for Stalin for 15 years.Later, in order not to expose body double’s identity, he lived in a concentration camp until Stalin died.

On different occasions, it may not be the real Stalin, but all decisions are made by him, and body double is just a message. Therefore, some people speculate that the real Stalin has long since died, and the later "Stalin" is simply a body double, which shows that body double has reached the point where it is difficult to distinguish between true and false.

Second, body double is hard to tell right from wrong, and he is hiding in the dark.

Stalin’s greatest role in finding body double is to ensure his own safety. After all, his every move will be concerned by countless people. In order to ensure his own safety, he put forward higher requirements for body double. Whether it is the tone of speech or the ecology, it must be exactly the same.

1. Concentrate on building body double

Becoming a national leader, body double, is a rather complicated process. First, all kinds of hairstyles and moustaches are photographed to find similarities, no matter their figure or expression.

Body double had to undergo many changes to become Stalin, who was already in his sixties at that time, but body double da Daieff, who was away from home, was a young man. But he is going to have a face in his sixties.

On the left is Da Daieff.

Body double da Daieff spent several months and has been Watch the images of Stalin’s lifeTry to figure out the expression, movements and language, and train under the supervision of the instructor and staff until the real ones are confused with the real ones.

The portraits widely circulated in the history books, although labeled as Stalin, are not Stalin himself, and they are probably all body double. When they are imitated to the extreme, they will open the peak of life.

When you become a national leader, you will attend many things that only national leaders can do. In front of foreign delegations and leaders of other countries, no one can believe that it is actually Stalin’s body double who walks in front of them. From then on, everything in body double will follow Stalin, no matter whether it is life or work, it is almost the same. Except for the chief executive who manages body double, no one knows how many body double there are.

In this way, countless historians are puzzled when studying Stalin’s history, and many realistic materials are very different from the real Stalin. Historians speculate that Stalin had about 12 to 20 body double.

2. fifteen years of living only for others

As Stalin’s body double, Rubensky, known as Stalin’s first body double, was very good at imitating everything of Stalin. According to some researchers’ speculation, he served as Stalin’s body double for 15 years. During this period, He attended numerous international conferences, spoke instead of Stalin, and had close contact with leaders of other countries., but it was not seen through.

Rubensky

Rubensky used to be an ordinary person, but because his appearance and height were very similar to Stalin’s, a group of people went to his home and took him away by force. The family thought Rubensky had committed a felony, but what they didn’t expect was that he was dragged into an operating room.

After plastic surgery, when he looked in the mirror again, he found that he had become "Stalin". Of course, body double, the leader of the country, was given all the royal treatment, in order to make body double have no worries.

Stalin and his daughter

Rubensky has been imitating Stalin ever since he was chosen as body double. When a waitress came up to them, they were both frightened by two identical Stalin.

Even Stalin’s own daughter is hard to tell the truth from the false.I can’t find the difference between them. My daughter once described her father in her diary, but what she didn’t know was that it was actually her father’s body double, so body double was completely confused with the real thing.

Third, body double is a mystery, and the number is unknown

Many historians who study Stalin believe that besides Rubensky and da Daieff, Stalin also has body double. Some people think that only Stalin’s personal guard captain, who was in charge of the training of leader body double, knows nothing about others.

However, as a military officer, body double, a state secret, is naturally 100% confidential, so how much body double Stalin had is still a mystery, and what is circulating outside is just public speculation.

Stalin and his family

1. No one knows, and identity becomes a mystery.

Stalin’s daughter, in the face of her father body double, sometimes can’t tell the difference between true and false. The purpose of Stalin’s body double is to steal the day, especially when Stalin needs to attend and he doesn’t need to speak, body double usually comes forward.

All this is to distract the public’s attention from the leader. Even the trips are made by several identical cars, in order to confuse people and keep the outside world from finding out Stalin’s movements. Only people sitting in the car know that there are so many active Stalin, and the outside world is unaware of it. This is also to protect the national leaders, and any movements will not be revealed to the outside world.

The people of the Soviet Union had no idea that Stalin had body double. Only in 1947.Stalin attended a meeting of Soviet workers and published a photo of Stalin in the newspaper. Instead of sitting in the middle of the rostrum, Stalin sat alone in the corner. It is this style difference that rumors about Stalin having body double spread among the people.

2. Confuse the audience, it is difficult to tell the true from the false

Stalin, the national leader of the former Soviet Union, caused many people’s dissatisfaction and even sent some people to hell, but for his own safety, body double became the most direct and effective person to protect himself.

These people don’t need too high defense ability, they just need to attend some dangerous things instead of themselves. At that time, with strict confidentiality, no one would have thought of body double’s existence.

As time went on, the truth began to surface gradually. Among them, Rubensky and Da Daieff are the most famous in body double.These two were also Stalin’s imperial body double, and many things were handled by them.

In 1949, Rubensky was sentenced to destroy the image of a leader and sent to prison. Obviously, it was just an excuse to send Rubensky to another place to live. It was not until the 1990s that Da Daieff told his legendary body double experience.

Although these body double can play the role of national leaders and attend various international occasions, these body double are always in danger, and they have to be on tenterhooks all day, worrying about whether they will be assassinated.

After their "retirement", all these body double have remained anonymous for the reasons of protecting state secrets, and they live a very low-key life. Their daily lives are also arranged by the government, and they rarely have contact with the outside world. Will be isolated for the rest of my life.

Generally speaking, how many body double of Stalin are there, and there is no practical statement. Although his body double didn’t tell the truth until many years later, body double’s purpose was to deceive. It is naturally not an easy thing to distinguish them.

If ordinary people can distinguish it, what is the use of body double? Therefore, in order to ensure Stalin’s safety, body double’s work is considered a state secret, and People who work in body double have sacrificed their lives.

Source: Liu Baixi

Disclaimer: Yanxing Yanzhao pictures and texts come from the Internet.For that purpose of convey more information,If your rights and interests are infringed, please contact Yanxing Yanzhao to delete them in time.

Editor in charge:

Policy Interpretation of "Notice on Declaring the Construction Project of County Commercial System in Beijing in 2024"

  In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and solidly promote the construction of county-level commercial system to play a greater role in rural revitalization, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce has formulated and promulgated the Notice on Declaring the Construction Project of County-level Commercial System in Beijing in 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the Notice).

  1. What directions does the Notice support?

  Five major support directions are listed in the Notice, and the specific contents are as follows:

  1. Fill in the shortcomings of county commercial infrastructure. Including supporting the construction and transformation of a number of township-level business centers, large and medium-sized supermarkets and bazaars; Support chain business circulation enterprises and e-commerce platforms to sink into rural areas, and develop supply chain empowerment and new trading models.

  2. Improve the three-level logistics distribution system in counties and villages. Including supporting the construction and transformation of a number of district-level logistics distribution centers and township express logistics sites; Carry out common distribution services such as logistics and express delivery of daily consumer goods, agricultural materials to the countryside and agricultural products to the city.

  3. Improve and optimize county consumption channels. Including supporting large circulation enterprises to sink the supply chain, so that farmers can directly buy good products and new products; Increase investment in commodities in rural areas.

  4. Enhance the upward kinetic energy of rural products. Including supporting business, e-commerce, express delivery, logistics enterprises to go up around rural products and improve the conversion rate of rural commodities.

  5. Improve the quality of life service supply. Including supporting rural postal, supply and marketing, e-commerce, and commercial circulation enterprises to change from traditional wholesale and retail to comprehensive services.

  The above contents include renovation, facilities and equipment purchase, software system upgrade, etc., and shall not be used for land acquisition and demolition projects, and shall not be used to pay fines, donations, sponsorship, investment, debt repayment, personnel expenses and financial subsidies for the work of units.

  Second, which entities can declare?

  1. Township-level business centers, large and medium-sized supermarkets and bazaars:

  The construction site of the project is located in villages and towns where the population is relatively concentrated, serving the permanent population in rural areas. If the content of the project is to support the construction and transformation of a number of township-level business centers, large and medium-sized supermarkets, bazaars, etc., and improve facilities and equipment such as refrigeration, display, packaging, settlement, food processing, etc., it can be declared as "Support Direction 1".

  2 business circulation, e-commerce, express delivery, logistics, postal services, supply and marketing enterprises:

  (1) If the content of the project is to support the construction and transformation of a number of district-level logistics distribution centers and township express logistics sites, improve storage, sorting, packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, distribution and other facilities, and give full play to the advantages of self-built logistics, and carry out common distribution services of daily consumer goods, agricultural materials going to the countryside and agricultural products entering the city, you can declare "Support Direction II".

  (2) The content of the project is sinking the supply chain and arranging a number of facilities such as pre-warehouses, logistics warehouses, etc. If a joint procurement platform is established, it can declare "Support Direction III".

  (3) If the content of the project is the upward movement of rural products, and commercial processing facilities such as sorting, precooling, primary processing and distribution are built, "Support Direction 4" can be declared.

  (4) If the content of the project is to transform from traditional wholesale and retail, integrate various services, and improve the convenience and service quality of community and village life services, you can declare "Support Direction 5".

  3. What are the basic requirements for declaration?

  1 registered in Beijing to carry out the construction of county commercial system, and the content is in line with the direction of county commercial construction support, all enjoy the qualification of independent declaration. As of the date of application, the business license of the project application unit should be established for one year.

  2. The geographical location of the project is located within the jurisdiction of the agricultural area in our city, and its function is mainly to serve rural residents living in towns and villages. Under the same conditions, priority will be given to supporting projects in areas affected by the "23.7" torrential rain and flood disaster, such as Mentougou and Fangshan. Has signed an agreement with the Municipal Bureau of Commerce to upgrade rural convenience commercial outlets, which must meet the corresponding requirements.

  3 in the past three years, there have been no serious violations of laws and regulations, no major production safety accidents and fire accidents, and no financial funds that should be repaid in arrears.

  4. The project can be implemented as planned, the construction time should be after January 1, 2022, and the project has been completed at the time of reporting. For the actual investment after January 1, 2022 when the funds are paid and the invoices are issued, the total amount of the approved actual investment shall not be less than 70% of the total amount of the approved planned investment (the total amount of the contracted investment in line with the supporting direction).

  5. The project with the same content of the same project reporting unit has been supported by the central government or other municipal financial funds, and may not be declared repeatedly.

  6. It will not be supported in the following circumstances: it is included in the scope of prohibited and restricted categories in the Catalogue of Prohibitions and Restrictions of New Industries in Beijing; Incorporated into the "blacklist" of joint punishment in the city; It is included in the list of bad credit records in Beijing’s commercial field, and there is a "heavier bad credit record"; Other things that are not supported after deliberation.

  7. If the project needs approval procedures such as planning, development and reform, housing construction, etc., the procedures shall be complete, and relevant approval documents shall be provided. Renovation of self-owned housing projects, providing proof of housing property rights; The renovation of rental housing projects, the need to provide housing lease contracts or agreements.

  Fourth, the declaration method

  1. From the date of issuance of the notice, eligible units shall submit project application materials to the local district-level commercial department according to the place where the project construction takes place and the time requirements determined in this notice.

  2. The Commerce Bureaus of the agriculture-related areas received timely audit of the project, and summarized and reported it before April 20, 2024. If the declaration time is after April 20, it can be declared and reported monthly, and reported before December 20, 2024 at the latest.

  (Contact: Gan Jing, Circulation Development Department; Tel: 55579440; Wei Xinyu, Second Division of Life Service Industry; Tel: 55579589)

Changchun BMW i4 is on sale! The lowest price is 374,900, and the quantity is limited.

[car home Changchun Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, preferential promotion activities are being carried out in Changchun area, with the maximum preferential amount reaching 55,000 yuan, which makes the price of this luxury electric car more close to the people. At present, the minimum starting price of BMW i4 has dropped to 374,900 yuan. If you are interested in this model, please click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

长春宝马i4正在优惠!最低售价37.49万,数量有限

BMW i4 adopts a fashionable front face design, and the iconic kidney-shaped air intake grille shows its unique family style. The air intake grille adopts a closed design, which highlights the identity of its electric vehicle and is equipped with blue decorative strips to highlight its electrification characteristics. The overall appearance is smooth and the body is low, showing a dynamic style. The waistline on the side of the car body is simple and powerful, outlining a dynamic outline. The rear design is simple and exquisite, and the taillights use LED light source, which is unique in shape. The whole BMW i4 gives people a luxurious and sporty feeling, which meets the aesthetic needs of modern consumers.

长春宝马i4正在优惠!最低售价37.49万,数量有限

The body size of BMW i4 is 4785*1852*1455mm and the wheelbase is 2856mm. The side lines of the vehicle are smooth and dynamic, with a front wheel track of 1601mm and a rear wheel track of 1630mm, which ensures the stability and handling of the vehicle. In terms of tires, the specifications of the front wheel are 245/45 R18, and the rear wheel is 255/45 R18. With the fashionable rim design, it shows the dynamic and sporty atmosphere.

长春宝马i4正在优惠!最低售价37.49万,数量有限

The interior design of BMW i4 presents a fashionable and scientific style. The center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch high-definition touch screen, which supports voice recognition control functions such as multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning. The steering wheel is made of leather, with manual up-and-down and forward-and-backward adjustment functions, providing a more comfortable driving experience. The car is also equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, and there are two interfaces in the front row and the back row, which is convenient for passengers to connect equipment. The wireless charging function of the mobile phone also brings convenience to the front passengers. In terms of seats, BMW i4 provides the choice of imitation leather, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mixed materials. The main and co-pilot seats support multiple adjustment functions, including front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way), leg rest adjustment and lumbar support (4-way), and are equipped with seat heating function to ensure the comfort of passengers. In addition, the driver’s seat also has an electric seat memory function, which is convenient for the driver to adjust the seat position according to his personal preference. The rear seats support proportional tilting, providing passengers with more space flexibility.

长春宝马i4正在优惠!最低售价37.49万,数量有限

The BMW i4 is equipped with an efficient electric engine, which can output a maximum power of 210kW and a maximum torque of 400 Nm, giving drivers a powerful power experience.

The owner of car home said: "The configuration parameters of Series I’s 3, 5 and X3 are almost the same, except that the shell has been changed. I want to buy the I4 for more than 100,000 yuan. Of course, it is still imported, so there is no need to do such a thing as buying it home and deducting the label. At first glance, the big nostrils are not mediocre. When I drive out, people are guessing at 600,000. I am sorry. "

What are the new products of Xiaomi TV in 2023? Summary of Xiaomi TV new products in 2023

This year, Xiaomi has launched a variety of new TV products –Xiaomi TV entry-level A series, main S series, master high-end seriesWait for the product line to be updated. So what are the new products of Xiaomi TV in 2023? This article will summarize the new products of Xiaomi TV in 2023 for you.

Xiaomi TV new product summary 2023

1. Xiaomi TV A series (competitive version): the main 120Hz high refresh rate, the cost-effective choice for entry

In 2023, a new competitive version of the A series will be launched, covering 55, 65, and 75-inch models. The Xiaomi TV competitive version features a high refresh rate of 120Hz, which can increase the screen swipe rate from 60Hz to 120Hz under the input of the HDMI signal source.

In terms of audio and picture, Xiaomi TV Competitive Edition has a 4K resolution of 3840 * 2160, with a color level of 2 ° E and a color gamut of 78% DCI-P3; the audio power is 2x10W, and it supports DTS sound decoding.

In terms of performance configuration, Xiaomi TV Competitive Edition uses a quad-core A35 processor, provides 2 + 32GB storage, supports 2.4G & 5G dual-band WiFi, and supports USB 2.0, HDMI 2.0, and Bluetooth 5.0.

In terms of system, Xiaomi TV Competitive Edition has a built-in MIUI TV, which can be controlled by smart devices through Xiao Ai and supports far-field voice.

Attached: Xiaomi TV A75 Competitive Edition Product Comparison Table – 75-inch Model Comparison

Second, Xiaomi TV S/S Pro series: 55/65/75/85/100 inches full coverage, the first Xiaomi Surging OS

Mi TV S

This year’s Xiaomi TV S series premiered, with four models of 55-inch, 65-inch, 75-inch, and 85-inch available.

The Xiaomi TV S series focuses on game performance, with a 144Hz high refresh rate, 120Hz MEMC motion compensation, dual-channel HDMI2.1 + VRR, etc., and is compatible with the new generation of Xbox game console Xbox Series XIS, supports Dolby Vision and Dolby Atmos game experience, and can automatically identify and switch game modes. At the same time, the Xiaomi TV S series has passed FreeSync Premium certification, and the latency can be as low as 4ms.

In terms of audio and picture, Xiaomi TV S series is 4K resolution, and the chip supports 4K HDR decoding, which can display 1.07 billion colors, with a color gamut of 94% DCI-P3 and Delta E Technologies 2. In addition, Xiaomi TV S series supports AI-SR image algorithm, Dolby Vision · Panorama sound and DTS: X, with 25W audio.

In terms of performance configuration, Xiaomi TV S is equipped with a quad-core A73 processor, 3GB + 32GB storage, and supports 2.4G & 5G dual-band WiFi, HDMI 2.1, and USB 3.0.

In terms of system, Xiaomi TV S series has built-in MIUI TV, which supports "Xiao Ai Classmate" far-field voice control. In addition to Andriod, iOS mobile phone screen projection, Windows, MAC notebook screen projection, it also supports NFC screen projection, which can realize "one-touch projection". On Xiaomi TV S, users can download and install application software through the Dangbei market to expand more entertainment audio and video functions.

Xiaomi TV S Pro

Xiaomi TV S Pro released new products with 65-inch, 75-inch, 85-inch, and 100-inch giant screens.

It is worth mentioning that in October this year, Xiaomi officially announced at the new product launch that the Xiaomi TV S Pro 85 will be integrated into the latest Xiaomi Surging OS, becoming the first TV product to be integrated into the system.

The three models of Xiaomi TV S Pro 65/75/85 inches focus on Mini LED thousand-level partitions, with a maximum of 1440 partitions.

In terms of audio and picture, Xiaomi TV S Pro has a 1 billion color display, supports 4K 144Hz ultra-high brush, variable refresh rate and MEMC motion compensation, supports 240Hz in competitive mode, and has passed Dolby IQ, HDR10 +, IMAX Enhanced and other authoritative certifications.

In terms of image quality adjustment, Xiaomi TV S Pro is equipped with a master image quality engine, including a full-stack color engine, a contrast enhancement engine, a global light control engine, a color level engine, a dynamic clarity engine, a multi-screen color engine, etc., to adjust and optimize the image quality from many aspects.

In terms of performance configuration, Xiaomi TV S Pro uses a quad-core A73 processor, is equipped with 4GB + 64GB storage, supports dual HDMI2.1, USB 3.0, WiFi 6, and also has professional game display certification, which can achieve ultra-low latency of 2ms.

In terms of system, ZNDS smart TV network learned from the official that the current Xiaomi TV 65/75/85 inches are connected to Xiaomi Surging OS, and the system has been optimized in many aspects, including memory occupation, the number of non-uninstallable applications, startup speed, and application fluency.

Xiaomi TV S Pro 100-inch giant screen has 384 partitions, supports 1.07 billion color primary color display, color gamut is DCI-P3 94%, color level Delta E Technologies 2; equipped with Xiaomi self-developed image quality algorithm, including self-developed full-stack color algorithm, self-developed contrast enhancement algorithm, self-developed partition light control algorithm.

In terms of sound quality, the Xiaomi TV S Pro 100 is equipped with a 2 * 15W stereo, 8 sound units, and supports Dolby Vision and Panorama dual Dolby sound effects.

In terms of game performance, Xiaomi TV S Pro 100 supports 4K 144Hz high refresh rate, supports 240Hz refresh rate when turning on competitive mode, supports VRR variable refresh rate, MEMC motion compensation, and can achieve 4ms ultra-low latency through FreeSync ? game display certification. In terms of performance configuration, Xiaomi TV S Pro 100 adopts quad-core A73 processor, storage is 4 + 64GB, supports 2.4G & 5G dual-band Wi-Fi, dual-channel HDMI2.1, USB3.0.

In terms of system, the Xiaomi TV S Pro is equipped with MIUI TV.

So far, the Xiaomi TV S/S Pro series includes 55-inch-100-inch models, with a price range of 2,000 yuan-13,000 yuan. As a star product series, it can meet the purchase needs of most consumers.

III. Xiaomi TV Master Series: 1000-level partition Mini LED, heterosexual packaging design

In April this year, Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED new product was officially released, equipped with Xiaomi self-developed master image quality engine, known as" Xiaomi TV 10 years of image quality adjustment ", which can reconstruct Xiaomi TV image quality algorithm system from the bottom, so that brightness, light control, contrast, color, color standard cross-generational improvement.

The Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED has 6480 Mini LED lamp beads, with a partition number of 1080, a peak brightness of 2000nits, a pure black brightness as low as 0.0001nits, and a contrast ratio of 6700,000:1. It has a 4K 144Hz refresh rate, 99% DCI-P3 color gamut, and a color level of 0.8. It supports Dolby Vision, IMAX ENHANCED, and a new Filmmaker Mode.

In terms of sound effects, the Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED has a 9-unit crossover speaker, which can provide 70W surging sound waves + 20W subwoofer; independent center channel design, enhanced dialogue, and a stronger sense of vocal positioning; equipped with Dolby Atmos.

In terms of performance configuration, the Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED uses a quad-core A73 processor, has 4GB + 64GB storage, and supports full-blood HDMI2.1×2 and USB3.0.

System-wise, the Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED is equipped with MIUI TV, which supports mobile phones, notebooks, and Xiaomi TV assistant software projection (Android only).

In addition, the unique packaging design is also a major promotion point for the Xiaomi TV Master 86 "Mini LED. The design is intended to solve the problem of difficulty in entering the elevator for large-screen TVs. It adopts a unique diamond corner cutting design to reduce the packaging volume while having higher strength and cushioning performance. According to the official, the elevator pass rate of the Xiaomi TV Master 86" Mini LED is 99.9%.

That’s it."What are the new products of Xiaomi TV in 2023? Summary of Xiaomi TV new products in 2023"In the third quarter of 2023, Xiaomi (including Redmi) TV shipments approached 1.90 million units, with a share of 21.6%, still firmly occupying the first place in the market. From the perspective of new product releases, Xiaomi TV 2023 products include low, medium and high-end different price points, covering more comprehensive sizes, high cost performance, and innovative game TV, heterosexual packaging design, etc., and launched Xiaomi Surging OS, which is worthy of being purchased as the best choice.

In addition, considering Xiaomi’s product size layout and industry data, it can be seen that large-screen TVs have become the first choice for many consumers. In addition to large-screen TVs over 85 inches, intelligent projection products with smaller space requirements can also provide a more immersive and stunning viewing experience.

At present, the competition in the intelligent projection track is very intense. In the rapidly developing laser projection track, Dangbei Projection has occupied more than half of the share earlier, namely"For every 2 laser projections sold, 1 is a Dangbei projection"In 2023, Dangbei released a variety of new laser projection products, includingDangbei X5 laser projectionEquipped with ALPD laser display technology, while achieving 2450CVIA lumens high brightness, it avoids problems such as speckle and dispersion, and the quality-price ratio reaches a new high.

Dangbei X5 laser projection

Related reading:

Lotus Technology: China TV Market Brand Shipments in Q3

Lotus Technology: Dangbei released two laser projections, X5 and D5X Pro, and the medium telephoto market will exceed 300,000 units this year