标签： 上海夜场论坛

How hard do young people fight for luck？

Image source @ vision china

Wen | shenrancaijing, author | Wang Min, editor | Jin Wen.

At the beginning of the new year, everyone wants to make a good luck and win a good lottery in the new year. In the matter of "seeking good luck", young people play more and more.

"2022 is the beginning of the second half of my 20 th generation (that is, 20 to 30 years old) and a brand new starting point." Yao Ling, 26, thinks that 2022 is of special significance to herself, so she pays more attention to it than before.

Yao Ling spent nearly 1000 yuan to collect this set of New Year’s equipment by placing an order for a mobile phone case with the meaning of "Everything goes well", making a transfer bead manicure, wearing a transfer bead red rope bracelet and buying a crystal bracelet, necklace and ring. In her eyes, these are all objects to enhance the atmosphere of the New Year.

Earlier, a survey report showed that at least one out of every four people in China believed in metaphysics. Metaphysics has penetrated into some people’s daily life, especially the special node of the Spring Festival.

According to the way, young people’s "Metaphysics" play in the New Year can be divided into three categories: "Gathering equipment". Some people spend seven or eight thousand yuan on the red suit from the inside out in this animal year alone, and crystal, garrison, transfer bead red rope, polished amulets, bracelets and ornaments are also widely popular; "Looking at the fortune", some young people specially look for fortune tellers to predict the fortune of the New Year, which not only seeks advantages and avoids disadvantages, but also is a kind of New Year ritual; "To pray", someone specially arranged to go to the temple on the New Year’s Day to pray, burn "the incense of the new year’s head column" and ask for a blessing bag to take home.

Different from the traditional feudal superstition, young people’s "metaphysics" is between belief and unbelief. Most people pay for "metaphysics" during the Chinese New Year, which is not only a spiritual sustenance, but also a way to fill the sense of New Year ceremony. On major life choices, they still firmly believe that "fate is in their own hands".

Every spring festival, it is the time to equip the big PK in the animal year.

The traditional saying that "the birth year is too old, which may affect the fortune" is widely circulated. Young people no longer wait for their elders to arrange, but have already prepared a red suit for themselves. "The sense of ritual once every 12 years must be arranged."

Red sweaters, underwear and socks are basic standard items, not to mention mobile phone cases, hair clips, three-in-one bracelets (mascots derived from numerology theory), necklaces and bags. People with the birth year of 2022 spent about 6,000 yuan on bracelets and necklaces alone, plus bags and mobile phone cases.The whole set of equipment costs about seven or eight thousand yuan.

People in the animal year will pay special attention to New Year’s equipment, butYoung people in non-animal years are not to be outdone in order to win a good lottery. They not only spend their minds on some daily details, but also are willing to buy mascots that are said to have various functions.

In order to seek good luck in the New Year, Yao Ling ordered a mobile phone case with the meaning of "everything goes well", and specially made a transfer bead manicure. The price of transfer bead manicure depends on the type of transfer bead. Yao Ling has a most common transfer bead, which is snowflake-shaped and costs more than 200 yuan. A friend of Yao Ling’s has a fast-rotating transfer bead on her nails, which cost more than 400 yuan.

Crystal and Guarding, the popular mascots among young people, are still highly sought after during the Spring Festival.

Yao Ling also ordered some crystal bracelets, necklaces and rings for herself. In the past, she only bought crystal ornaments from an aesthetic point of view. This time, she also specially looked for various materials to study the energy and efficacy of different crystals, and finally placed an order for tea crystals and topaz, which are said to have the effect of stabilizing emotions, and the prices are basically between tens of yuan and hundreds of yuan.

Wu Ru, born in 2000, has a more secondary style of daily wear, and will wear a guard before. This Spring Festival, she specially asked the garrison in Sensoji Temple to invite her for a New Year’s "wish to fulfill the garrison", and the price was around 100 yuan.

Young people will not miss the traditional China objects symbolizing good luck, such as gold ornaments, red string of fortune-transferring beads, amulets, bracelets and ornaments.

In the New Year, gold is the most universal. Many young people not only buy it for themselves, but also send it to their families and friends. A staff member of a gold shop told Shen Burning that the Spring Festival is the peak period of a gold shop in a year. She sold more grams of gold every day a few days ago than usual.

Yao Ling’s friend spent more than 1000 yuan to buy a lock-shaped gold ring. Shang Ya, who works in Beijing, plans to buy a gold tiger pendant as a necklace or bracelet for her parents in the Year of the Tiger. It costs more than 1000 yuan to buy a golden tiger.

The red rope bracelet, which represents "good fortune rolling in", is a must for many people in the New Year. Yao Ling bought herself a transfer bead red rope bracelet during the Spring Festival.

Many young people will also buy amulets, bracelets and ornaments on the Internet.

Niu Jing walked through many temples when she traveled to Tibet during her college days. She accidentally learned that some online stores also sell things from the temple’s legal logistics office, including amulets. Since graduating from college for more than three years, she has often bought online things that symbolize peace and smoothness, such as buying a string of beads for her brother to bless his brother’s college entrance examination. Every Spring Festival, I buy protective talisman for myself and my parents and family, and the single price is about tens of yuan.

For protective talisman, Niu Jing has a set of his own purchase logic: "A lot of things, if you believe it, you will have it. If you don’t believe it, you will have nothing. Buying these is actually equivalent to psychological sustenance. If the price is too expensive, you may have higher expectations, and it is easy to get the opposite. "

Young people seek good luck in the New Year and are curious about their fortune in the New Year, so many people choose divination.

Astrologer Nanmu told Shen Burning that before and after the Spring Festival, the demand for young people’s divination was very strong, mostly depending on their career and love fortune. Some people leave their working environment for a short time during the Spring Festival holiday, and will seriously rethink some life events, just thinking about understanding the fortune through divination; There are also many young people who want to know their love fortune by divination because they are urged to get married by their families.

Different young people will like different ways of divination,Astrolabe, tarot and horoscope are three kinds of fire in recent years.

In the past, there were often some "masters" online divination on e-commerce platforms such as Taobao and Xianyu, and there were all kinds of tarot charts and Zhouyi gossip. But by this Spring Festival, many young people have been unable to search for divination-related links on the e-commerce platform.

In order to find reliable fortune tellers, many people turn to social platforms, and some people will take the initiative to release their own astrolabes, so please ask knowledgeable people to analyze them. butThe price and service of astrology are very different.

There are those who don’t spend money. For example, some beginners in divination will wander on social platforms to help others watch the astrolabe for free. The single price of most fortune tellers is within 100 yuan to 1000 yuan; Higher-level fortune tellers can reach two or three thousand yuan at a time. According to feedback from netizens, some results are not referential, just copying and pasting online content, and some fortune tellers can analyze them in detail.

During the period before the Spring Festival, people came to see Tarot soothsayers Zhou Zhou to see the annual fortune. Her schedule is already full, except for the New Year’s Day, during the Spring Festival holiday, she is writing the annual sports report almost every day.

Zhou Zhou also launched quarterly and annual divination packages, of which the annual divination package is 12 times a year to see fortune, and the price is 666 yuan.

Unlike paying a fortune teller for divination, Wu Ru’s money is not spent on consulting fees, but on the study of Tarot divination. When she was in high school, she bought a set of tarot cards and related books to teach herself tarot divination, and she also studied open courses in bilibili and Tik Tok every day. Every time she meets some important nodes, or has some puzzles that are difficult to answer, she will take out tarot cards for divination.

During this Spring Festival holiday, Wu Ruzhao, who summarized at home, took out tarot cards as an example, divined his love and career fortune in the new year, and guided some puzzles.

Nanmu said that the astrolabe and tarot cards came from the west, and the new generation of young people were more accepted, and the eight characters were relatively more obscure. However, some young people, out of curiosity about China’s traditional metaphysics, want to know their fate through the eight characters.

Zheng Zhi is one of them. He wants to take the opportunity of winter vacation to tell fortune in eight characters, but the elders at home have always felt that her life is getting thinner and thinner, and she is still struggling.

Generally speaking, young people are obsessed with reading fortune in the New Year, which is curious, and some people regard reading fortune as a kind of "New Year ritual sense".For the divination results, they choose to accept the good content, and some aspects are not the results they want, so they choose to ignore them.

Because of the local epidemic rebound, Liu Qi decided to spend the New Year in Beijing, and began to arrange his trip early. In order to make a good start, his first trip on New Year’s Day was to pray at the temple.

In some places, there is a folk custom of "burning incense for the first time in the New Year".The first day of the New Year is a time to burn incense, worship Buddha and pray. Many people will burn incense for the first time in the New Year on this day to show their piety.

There is a saying in old Beijing that "men are harmonious and women are red snails". It is most effective for men to pray for the Lama Temple and women to pray for the Hongluo Temple. During the Spring Festival this year, due to epidemic prevention and control, the Lama Temple was temporarily closed to the public. Many people directly bought an opening bracelet of the Lama Temple for about 300 to 400 yuan from online stores, praying to bless themselves and their families.

Liu Qi couldn’t go to the Lama Temple, so he finally formed a "one-day tour of Hongluo Temple" team and went to Hongluo Temple to pray for incense and bags in the New Year. Starting from Beijing, you can go back and forth by bus on the same day, including 54 yuan tickets, cableway, blessing belt and blessing bag, etc., and the price can be settled within 500 yuan.

According to Liu Qi’s observation, at about 10: 30 in the morning on New Year’s Day, Hongluo Temple was already crowded with people. Some people not only pray for themselves, but also pray for their friends. Some people have three or four pairs of prayer belts in their hands. In addition to a pair of blessing belts in 20 yuan, a blessing bag in 38 yuan is also a must for many people to take home.

After staying in the Lama Temple for a career on New Year’s Day, I decided to come to Hongluo Temple for another marriage on New Year’s Day, so I chose a homestay near Hongluo Temple for the New Year. 30 people stay in the inn, plus the New Year’s Eve dinner, the per capita price is 666 yuan.

Because the B&B is close to Hongluo Temple, at 9: 00 a.m. on New Year’s Day, I went directly to the temple to pray for blessings. In addition to the tickets for 54 yuan, it took 12 yuan six times to bump the bell."I just want to find a clean place to settle down, to understand what I really want, and to clarify my goals this year."Dull to deep burning said.

There is a long queue at Hongluo Temple in Beijing, and Longhua Temple in Shanghai is equally crowded. So many people can’t take care of meditation after entering the temple, and they can only worship Buddha.

When people go to the temple to pray for blessings, what people generally ask for is some secular wishes.The most important things are peace, health, wealth, marriage and children.These are closely related to the staged goals of young people.

In previous years, some people queued up in the middle of the night to grab the "new year’s head column incense" of the temple, and the auction price of "head column incense" even reached as high as 100 thousand yuan. However, most young people are not so crazy. They regard the incense sticks as one of the ways to add a sense of New Year’s ceremony, and going to solemn temples to find peace is also a way to further think and sort out their goals.

Many young people said that paying for "metaphysics" is partly influenced by traditional customs, and more is for luck and fun. Whether it’s equipment PK in the animal year, buying a mobile phone case, getting a manicure, wearing a fortune bracelet, or divining fortune and praying in the temple, it’s a way for them to get spiritual comfort and look forward to a good start. Behind these attempts, they know in their hearts,The realization of personal wishes ultimately depends on personal struggle.

* At the request of the interviewees, Yao Ling, Wu Ru, Shang Ya, Niu Jing, Nan Mu, Zhou Zhou, Zheng Zhi, Liu Qi and Dai Dai are pseudonyms.

EE Architecture ｜ Central Computing+Regional Control Architecture Information of Domestic Mainstream OEMs

The development of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and intelligent network will promote the continuous increase of new functions. At the same time, the demand for high computing power and large bandwidth data transmission will become more and more urgent, coupled with the concept of "software-defined car", which will jointly promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole vehicle EE architecture; At present, various car companies have gradually started to move from the distributed architecture with independent functions to the domain control architecture with integrated functions, and will eventually move to the centralized architecture with central computing and regional control.

One,Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture" leads the trend.

1. Distributed architecture VS centralized architecture

1) Under the distributed architecture, software and hardware are closely coupled, and OEM is more dependent on suppliers. In the process of cooperation, only one technical standard (such as communication information -XX signal, communication form -CAN/LIN, etc.) is provided to Tier1, and each system is provided by different suppliers, resulting in OEM’s vehicle software becoming a mixture of many independent and incompatible software systems. If the OEM wants to change or add new functions, it needs to talk with different suppliers, so it is obviously constrained by suppliers.

Secondly, with more and more ECU, the wiring harness in the car will become longer and longer, which not only increases the weight and cost of the car, but also brings great trouble to the layout and assembly of the car. Moreover, the computing power of each ECU can not be coordinated, resulting in a great waste of computing power.

2) Under the central computing+regional architecture, the computing power is gradually concentrated in the center. First, multiple ecus are merged into a domain controller, and then the domain controllers will continue to merge, eventually forming the ultimate layout of a central computing platform +N regional controllers. At this time, the number of ECU will be greatly reduced, which not only reduces the application cost of ECU and the wiring cost between controllers, but also contributes to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle.

Secondly, the sensors and actuators are connected to the nearby regional controllers, which can better realize the expansion of hardware. At the same time, the structure of the regional controller is easier to manage, and it is easy to realize the automatic assembly of the wiring harness.

2. What is Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture"?

In 2019, Tesla has realized the EE architecture scheme of central computing+regional controller on Model3, leading the trend. So what are the advantages of Tesla’s architecture?

The vehicle electronic and electrical architecture of Tesla Model3 is divided into four parts: CCM (Central Computing Module), BCM FH (Front Body Control Module), BCM LH (Left Body Control Module) and BCM RH (Right Body Control Module). CCM (Central Computing Module) consists of three modules: infotainment system (IVI), driver assistance system (ADAS) and communication system inside and outside the vehicle.

1）Front body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of the whole vehicle and the logical control and drive of the electrical appliances in the front compartment of the vehicle;

2）Left Body Control Module:Responsible for the power distribution, logical control and drive of the left-hand electrical appliances, including the convenience control of the left body and chassis control such as steering and braking;

3) Right body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of right-hand electrical appliances, the logical control and drive of right-hand and back electrical appliances, including the convenience control of right body, power system, air conditioning, etc.

Advantages of Tesla EE architecture:

1) The hardware part of the intelligent driving module adopts a self-developed FSD chip; For the software part, the operating system is customized based on open source Linux, and the middleware is developed by itself. The software and hardware are self-controllable, which not only helps to speed up the iterative update of vehicle functions, but also greatly reduces the development cost of the whole vehicle.

2) On the software architecture level, SOA architecture is adopted to facilitate the deployment of SOTA and the collection and analysis of cloud data.

There is no doubt that Tesla’s electronic and electrical architecture is advanced. Its central computing module -CCM integrates intelligent driving module, audio-visual entertainment module and in-vehicle networking module, and shares a liquid cooling system. Basically, the prototype of centralized architecture is realized, but it is not a centralized architecture in the strict sense. The industry calls this type "quasi-centralized architecture".

Therefore, even Tesla is still a long way from a truly centralized architecture. Considering the technical maturity and cost at that time:

1) The communication architecture is still relatively traditional, mainly based on CAN bus, and the control is still distributed on MCU, and the basic software of MCU adopts FreeRTOS.

2) The central computing module CCM is separated: only the MCU of audio-visual entertainment, the FSD of intelligent driving and the networking module inside and outside the vehicle are formally integrated on one board, but each module still runs its own operating system independently and completes its own tasks independently.

Even so, Tesla is still a practitioner of the most advanced concept of central computing+regional control architecture, which has triggered the learning and catching up of other peers in the industry.

Second, the "chaser" of the domestic Tesla EE architecture

In the era of intelligent and software-defined cars, whoever can master the dominance of EE architecture and software will occupy the commanding heights of the smart car market. Therefore, domestic mainstream vehicle companies are also actively carrying out relevant layout, and the mass production models of "quasi-centralized" architecture scheme will be launched around 2022-2023.

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However, the centralized architecture of OEM planning is not too unified in form. For example, the vehicle computing platform of SAIC Zero Beam adopts two HPC high-performance computing units; The scheme of GAC or Great Wall adopts three major computing platforms: central computing platform, intelligent driving domain and intelligent cockpit domain. But generally speaking, the R&D design concept is similar: the hardware adopts the architecture scheme of central computing+regional control, and the software adopts the design concept of SOA software architecture.

1. SAIC Zero Beam-Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Scheme

Hardware platform:It consists of two HPC high-performance computing units, HPC1 and HPC2, and four ZONE controllers. Two high-performance computing units are used as the computing center of the whole vehicle to realize the functions of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and redundant backup of intelligent driving; Four area controllers are used to realize the related functions of different areas.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Hardware Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

Remarks:

1) In August, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam and Xinchi Technology reached a strategic cooperation, and based on the Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 architecture, they will jointly formulate the development roadmap of the chip and vehicle electronic and electrical architecture; At the same time, the two sides will jointly explore and jointly develop a narrow operating system suitable for full stack 3.0 around the chip-level underlying software operating system and virtualization platform technology;

2) In September, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam announced that it had jointly designed and developed the HPC based on "Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0".

Software platform:Adopt SOA integrated software platform of cloud management.

1) The software platform is decoupled from the hardware chip and the operating system. Even if the chip types and operating systems of different EE architecture platforms are different, the software platform can still be translated and reused. For example, Zero Beam’s 1.0 architecture platform and 3.0 architecture platform still use the same software platform, although the underlying hardware and operating system are different.

2) In the application layer, through middleware and SOA atomic service layer, a unified and standard API interface can be provided upwards, which makes the application layer development easier and more reusable. At the same time, coupled with the software platform SDK, OEMs, suppliers, third-party developers and users can all join in the application development and realize the co-creation of application ecology.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Software Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

2. Gac ean-Spirit architecture

1）Hardware platform:Spirit architecture consists of digital mirror cloud, three core modules and four regional controllers (left/right/front/back). Among them,The three core computer modules include central computing unit, intelligent driving domain control module and cockpit domain control module; The central computing unit covers the new energy control module and the body control module, and is responsible for controlling the functions of vehicle running, braking and vehicle equipment.

  • The CPU is equipped with NXP S32G399 gateway computing chip, which is composed of 8 A cores and 4 M cores, and has built-in LLCE+PFE acceleration engine, and the communication delay is ≤ 20μ s.;
  • Cockpit control module is equipped with Qualcomm 8155/8295 chip, 7nm process, 105K DMIPS computing power, and supports 3D character image rendering, face recognition, AR-HUD and other functions.;
  • The intelligent driving domain control module is equipped with Huawei Shengteng 610 high-performance chip and 7nm process, which supports the expansion of computing power of 200~400TOPS. The image processing capacity of ISP can reach 2.4GPix/s, which can cope with complex road conditions such as high speed and cities.

Spirit Architecture Hardware Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

2) Software platform:SOA software architecture with layered design is adopted.

  • Basic intermediate layerAdopt atomic service encapsulation and standardized interface;
  • Dedicated intermediate layerAdopt enhanced combination service, which can be executed independently;
  • APP software layerIs an independent component decoupled from the bottom layer and can directly call the service.

The software architecture realizes service, atomization and standardization of components, decoupling of software and hardware, improving the ability and speed of OTA, and realizing plug and play of hardware-adding new application modules can realize new scenarios.

Spirit Architecture Software Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

3. Great Wall Motor-GEEP4.0 architecture

1) Hardware platform:GEEP4.0 architecture consists of central computing platform (CCU), intelligent cockpit module (HUT), intelligent driving module (ICU), and three regional controllers (VIU_L, VIU_R and VIU_F).

Central computing unit CCUThe main responsibility of CCU is to deal with the functions of auxiliary autopilot, power, chassis, car body, air conditioning, car body status and mode management in a centralized way. Under the high-order autopilot configuration, CCU can be used as a backup of L3 domain controller to achieve the lowest risk conditions.

3 regional controllers:Is a standardized control unit.,Divide, deploy and develop according to the body domain, and arrange them on the left, right and front respectively, which is responsible for integrating some MCU around, that is, integrating ECU, power supply, controller and input/output. At present, most of the software algorithms of the three VIUs have been moved to CCU and developed by Great Wall Software Team. VIU only keeps a small part of logic, and it is more responsible for driving I/O.

GEEP4.0 hardware platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

2) Software platform

  • On the application software level, integrate big data, cloud diagnosis, information security and other software systems to achieve functional integration;
  • Deploy different domain software in different cores-MCU core adopts CP Autosar, and deploy different domain electronic control software in multiple MCU cores respectively; The HPC core adopts Linux OS and AP Autosar middleware;
  • By deploying software in different domains in different cores, the integration between multiple domains is opened horizontally, and the communication between the underlying hardware, operating system (CP autosar, Linux OS), middleware (AP autosar), protocol stack and application software is opened vertically.
  • Support FOTA, planning some comfort functions will support SOA.

GEEP4.0 software platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

4. Tucki X-EEA3.0

In November 2021, Xpeng Motors released the Tucki G9 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which is scheduled to be listed in 2022; The car adopts Tucki’s brand-new X-EEA 3.0 architecture. At present, the official customs of Tucki has not revealed too many specific technical details. The author has compiled the following information for your reference:

  • Hardware architecture:Central supercomputing+regional control;
  • The software platform architecture is divided into three layers.System software platform, basic software platform and intelligent application platform;
  • Communication architecture:Adopt gigabit Ethernet communication;
  • Data schema:Realize non-inductive OTA- The domain controllers all control the memory in partition isolation, one area is used for upgrading and the other area is used for normal operation of vehicles; Therefore, even when the vehicle is driving normally, OTA upgrade of new functions can still be carried out at the same time;
  • Power architecture:The power supply of electrical equipment is controllable, and intelligent and accurate power distribution is carried out according to user scenarios, which reduces unnecessary power waste and optimizes the use of electricity.

Third, the impact of the upgrade of EE architecture

1. Reshaping the supply chain system

Under the traditional distributed architecture, the software is highly coupled with ECU. OEM has a strong dependence on Tier1, which is dominant, and the software and hardware are directly supplied to OEM by packaging. The industrial chain is relatively simple, with software product suppliers/chip suppliers (Tier2) in the upstream, component integrators (Tier1) in the midstream, and vehicle integration plants (OEMs) in the downstream.

With the upgrading and transformation of electronic and electrical architecture, the hardware is gradually standardized, the software is separated from the hardware, and the software and hardware are decoupled, making it a reality to define the automobile by software. Therefore, OEM’s ability to master software-defined cars has become more intense, and they hope to gradually regain the long-awaited "dominance" from Tier1.

To this end, enterprising OEMs began to set up software teams to improve their software research and development capabilities, but there is still a long way to go. In this context, some people have seen the strong demand of car companies for the "self-developed and controllable" cooperation mode, so a new species-Tier 1.5 has emerged, which can support the customization of OEM products upwards and integrate and integrate Tier2 resources downwards, in order to get a share of this "dominance" battle.

At the same time, in order to maintain its dominant position, the traditional Tier1 has also started to vertically integrate and build the R&D capability of the whole stack of software and hardware, transforming from a component supplier to a system solution provider, that is, upgrading from Tier1 to Tier0.5-it can not only provide OEM with software and hardware integrated products, but also provide full-process services from pre-technical research and development to post-data sharing, hoping to maintain a "close" relationship with OEM.

2. Changes in the industry competition pattern

At present, enterprises engaged in research and development of advanced EE architecture can be roughly divided into three categories: vehicle enterprises, Tier1 and technology companies. Vehicle companies have a strong motivation to master the core technology and component dominance of centralized EE architecture, because they have already seen the benefits that this dominance brings to Tesla. However, in the short term, there are still a few vehicle companies that can realize all the self-research of these technologies and components. Most vehicle manufacturers will still rely on Tier1, technology companies and other suppliers to complete it together.

The development project of the vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is complex and the technical link is long. Only the players in the industrial chain can cooperate with each other in each link, give full play to their respective advantages, and form a joint force to achieve the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2. Only in this way can we help the whole vehicle enterprises to complete the upgrading of the architecture more quickly.

For OEM, we will choose the cooperation mode that suits us according to our actual situation:

1) For head car companies with strong R&D capabilities, such as Tesla, they will choose self-research in key core areas such as chip, operating system, middleware and domain controller system integration, while outsourcing some hardware production.

Secondly, the automatic driving perception algorithm is relatively complicated. Even some head car companies will choose to jointly develop the perception algorithm with software companies with strong strength in the industry. In this process, most of them will also learn from teachers, gradually improve their perceptual algorithm ability, and finally move closer to the goal of self-research in the whole stack.

2) For car companies with relatively weak software research and development capabilities, it is necessary to distinguish what is common and what is individual. Considering its own research and development strength and cost pressure, the common part can only be strategically abandoned and handed over to the right supplier to help it complete the development; For the part of personality, you need to do your best to differentiate and create your own brand power. For example, a domain controller or a central computing platform needs Tier1 or a software company with full-stack R&D capability to help it gradually open in layers, and then do personalized and differentiated development at the application layer.

At present, the demand of the main engine factory is personalized and diversified, and most of them tend to ask suppliers for customized development according to their own needs. At the same time, OEM is also trying to improve its own software development ability; In the long run, for Tier1 and the technology companies that intend to do Tier1, it is a general trend that the development rights of some software functions of domain controllers or central computing platforms are "taken back" by OEMs. Therefore, Tier1 and technology companies are also striving to build full-stack technology research and development capabilities for software and hardware to avoid becoming "hardware foundries" for OEMs.

3. The new opportunities brought by the upward breakthrough of EE architecture

In the critical period when intelligent driving entered the second half of the competition, OEM began to upgrade its electronic and electrical architecture to cope with the development of automobile intelligence and networking. In this critical time window, whoever can help OEM to take the lead in realizing the rapid replacement and iterative upgrade of hardware modularity, as well as the portability and maximum reuse of software modules, will win the favor of the OEM and gain a foothold in the new market.

The so-called times make heroes, so which types are more likely to appear "heroes" on the "new outlet"? The author judges that there will be the following types:

1) Dali AI Chip Company-the electronic and electrical architecture is developing rapidly towards domain centralization and central domain control. For OEMs, the choice of high-performance Dali computing platform is a top priority. Therefore, the suppliers of large computing chips will usher in a growing market space. In particular, some chip companies that have recently grown up in China-open system solutions, ability to understand localized scenes, and good engineering supporting services are their current advantages.

2) Domain Controller Integrator-With the upgrading of the electronic and electrical architecture of the whole vehicle, the penetration rate of domain controllers has been promoted, and the emerging market of domain controllers will have great growth space in the future. Domain controller integrators with reliable product quality, which can also greatly save costs and shorten the development cycle for OEMs, will usher in an opportunity for development.

3) Supplier of basic software platform-For the OEM with weak software power, there is no need to re-develop the common part of the basic software platform, because it will not be perceived by consumers. Therefore, you can choose to give this part to the appropriate basic software platform supplier, which can not only reduce your development difficulty and cost, but also use your own manpower and financial resources for the key personalized development part; It is conducive to shortening the product development cycle and bringing it to market as soon as possible.

4. What are the challenges to realize the central computing+regional control architecture?

1. The bottom "chip" foundation determines the height of the upper "architecture"

High-order autonomous driving requires more and more computing power. Carrying chips with more advanced process and stronger performance has become the primary problem to be considered in architecture design, because the mass production time of the planned chips will affect the landing time of the architecture scheme.

When designing the central computing+regional architecture, the central computing platform needs to meet the needs and characteristics of all domains at the same time. Therefore, it needs more powerful chips and a combination of various operating systems. The biggest challenge is to select the available chips. However, at present, there are no mass-produced chips that can meet the requirements of several functional domains at the same time, so most OEMs still adopt the scheme of piecing together multiple chips:

1) Vehicle control system: Generally, MCU is adopted, which runs mature Classic AUTOSAR basic software, which requires high real-time performance and safety level, but its computing power and storage are limited.

2) Intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving field need high-performance and powerful SoC chips, and also need to run complex operating systems, supplemented by middleware.

Secondly, there are more and more players in the field of in-vehicle with high computing power and high performance chips, and the iteration speed of chips is getting faster and faster. If the whole technical architecture needs to be reconstructed every time the chips are replaced, it will seriously affect the development speed of new products. Therefore, the central computing platform needs to have good expansibility, not only a unified sensor and peripheral interface, but also good chip compatibility.

2. Software Capability and Software Team Building

Software capability At present, the mainstream functional domain architecture can be divided into five domains: body domain, chassis domain, power domain, intelligent cockpit domain and autopilot domain. In the process of developing to a centralized architecture, cross-domain integration is inevitable, such as integrating the body domain, chassis domain and power domain into a vehicle control domain, and the ultimate goal in the future is to integrate all functional domains into a central brain. In this development process, not only need to build a large number of software function service capabilities; At the same time, powerful software capabilities are needed to cope with the system collaboration among the underlying real-time operating system, AUTOSAR and other key software modules.

Another embodiment of software capability is that OTA, especially FOTA, requires OEM to have strong software development capability and be able to develop the control software of the underlying executive parts, so as to truly realize the function or performance of software-defined cars.

In 2018, the American Consumer Report magazine pointed out that Model3 had serious problems in emergency braking at high speed. When Model3 is driving at 60 mph, its braking distance is about 46.3 meters, which is higher than other models in the same class. To solve this problem, Model 3 upgrades the firmware by pushing it remotely. The end result is that the emergency braking distance of Model3 is shortened by about 6.1 meters through OTA.

The hardware of the Model 3 braking system is Bosch’s iBooster, but the electric control software at the bottom is developed by Tesla, so the characteristics of the brake pedal can be adjusted through OTA upgrade, that is, the braking force can be optimally distributed during the whole braking process by adjusting the braking response curve, thus shortening the braking distance.

Software team building- If OEM wants to realize the real software-defined car, that is, most functions and performances of the car are defined by itself, then its own research and development ability, especially the software research and development ability, will be a big test. Now powerful OEMs are setting up software R&D teams on a large scale, and software developers are obviously in short supply in the talent market. Even if you are willing to "seduce" with high salary and options, it is difficult to "set" the right talents. At the same time, the management and coordination of software teams are also complicated, which is where traditional OEMs need to carry out intensive learning again.

3. The problem of organizational system

Traditional OEM has a R&D team, a product system and a supply chain system that have been gradually built and improved for many years. However, there will be more things to consider and worry about when the whole vehicle EE architecture changes, such as the reusability of the original production line, the compatibility of the architecture with the huge product line, and the supply chain problems around the world.

A major feature of the centralized architecture is that the computing power is concentrated in the center. In this case, many ecus will definitely be cut off. If a large number of ECU’s are cut off in the car, it is a matter of life and death for employees who rely on these parts and related suppliers. If they can’t make internal and external adjustments, it will be difficult for the new architecture to be promoted and implemented quickly.

To some extent, the traditional OEM has become a "double-edged sword" by virtue of the advantages of supply chain and product system accumulated over the years, and it has begun to hinder them from carrying out architectural innovation. Therefore, it is impossible for them to "cut across the board" when carrying out the structural reform, completely demolish the previous scheme and switch to the new E/E architecture. They can only use the existing resources to make a gradual transition and evolution, and gradually improve their own software R&D capabilities and change their R&D organizational structure to adapt to the new R&D process.

The new forces that build cars have no concerns in this regard, and they can start from scratch. Although it doesn’t accumulate as many past resources as traditional OEM, and it doesn’t have the previous historical burden, it can make new attempts without scruple.

Therefore, from this point of view, the huge organizational system of traditional OEMs has really held them back.

References:

1. How did Neusoft Ruichi start the "future battle" in the second half of the decisive battle for intelligent driving?

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2xl36RUBYqcIz3qEe3nlKw

2. Fully open the standard API interface. Great Wall Motor’s new electronic and electrical architecture creates an open service ecosystem.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jJvwOAx7wS3VSaDOjbDjeg

3. Analyze the electronic and electrical architecture of Xpeng Motors X-EEA 3.0 better than you think.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/O1evq-Qx4WddEX-Tz4SYWA

4. After the popularity of functional domain architecture, regional architecture may be widely used in 2023-2025.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xvvG_cuhbGplBHN3taWOAg

5. What is the core of a software-defined car? Talk about the new generation Tesla electronic and electrical architecture

http://www.eeaconference.com/news/751649/

6. Talking about Tesla’s EEA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-cJUCXh8SviiGege8dXR7A

7. Vehicle architecture reform, domestic domain controller manufacturers welcome development opportunities (securities report)

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

8. SAIC Zero Beam Zeng Jienan: Cloud-tube integrated central computing platform solution

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

9. SAIC Zero Beam and Chuangshi jointly developed the Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 cabin driving integrated HPC.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nGjrX8iYhT-J1DN5loBy3A

10. Open a new era of "software-defined automobile", and analyze the new "Spirit architecture" of GAC’s safety.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7A-SBO3kp8bGoI-oW99qlg

11. Smart car architecture analysis

In the million-level battle, which one is better than the Red Flag LS7 or the Lincoln Navigator？

The size of the full-size SUV is equipped with a luxurious design and a large-displacement V8 engine. Once upon a time, people hoped that their own brands could have such a configuration. Today, Hongqi finally brought us such a model – Hongqi LS7.

As the flagship of the Hongqi L series, its price is definitely the highest level of Chinese brand SUV. And its most direct competitor is undoubtedly the Lincoln Navigator, a ceiling-level American SUV sold through domestic official channels. So, at a similar price, similar size and positioning, who is the winner of this PK?

Appearance comparison

With its oversized size and the status of Hongqi’s flagship SUV, the Hongqi LS7 can definitely provide owners with an aura that exceeds the price. Lincoln Navigator is no exception, and the rugged sense of American SUV is vividly reflected in it. To sum up, Hongqi LS7 has the unique elegance of Chinese people, while Lincoln Navigator has the luxury of a yacht.

In terms of size, the length, width and height of the Hongqi LS7 are 5695 * 2095 * 1985mm, and the wheelbase is 3309mm; the length, width and height of the Lincoln Navigator are 5657 * 2073 * 1934mm, and the wheelbase is 3342mm. No matter the body size or wheelbase, the difference between the two models is not large. At the same time, their length and wheelbase also meet the definition of a full-size SUV. The slender and burly body makes them need not be decorated with too many lines, which is enough to highlight what is atmospheric.

In terms of the treatment of the appearance of the whole vehicle, the two are still different. The Hongqi LS7 will have more curved surfaces and add more chrome decoration, which is more solemn; the Lincoln Navigator is flatter on the line, which is particularly evident at the rear, but the design such as the floating roof makes it not stiff, which is why American SUVs have always given a rough impression.

Interior comparison

Entering the car, the difference in appearance between the two cars is further magnified. The interior of the Hongqi LS7 looks solemn and calm, and the addition of a large number of wood grain trim panels to match the square shape above looks classical and noble. The interior of the Lincoln Navigator is relatively fashionable, and the combination of light colors and chrome trim panels makes people feel that the "yacht" atmosphere is more intense.

In terms of details, the steering wheel of the Hongqi LS7 has added the Golden Sunflower LOGO, and the full LCD dashboard has also added the Chinese ink painting style, which directly fills the Chinese elements. Lincoln Navigator’s approach is relatively conventional, but the quality is not low at all, whether it is material or touch, it will not be inferior to the Hongqi LS7.

In the comparison of comfort configuration, Hongqi LS7, as a latecomer, has the advantage. Such as electric suction doors, 256-color ambient lights, built-in driving recorder, etc., are all different advantages of Hongqi LS7. But what is a little puzzling is that Hongqi LS7 is actually inferior to Lincoln Navigator in driver assistance configuration. The fashionable parallel assist, lane keeping and full speed adaptive cruise are all not available in Hongqi LS7. Is it because the manufacturer thinks that the users who buy this car have drivers so they don’t need it?

Overall, the interiors of the two cars are strongly stylized, especially the Hongqi LS7. From the perspective of material and touch, the two are on par, so the final difference lies in the look and feel, which is what we often call "each flower to each eye".

Spatial and dynamic comparison

From the seat configuration point of view, the Hongqi LS7 has a comfortable headrest, and the seat design is also more wide, but the navigator’s seat can be adjusted at more angles, making it easier to find their own comfortable angle, which can be said to have their own advantages and disadvantages. As for the heating/ventilation/massage functions we often talk about, for two million luxury cars, it is naturally the basic configuration.

(Red Flag LS7)

(Lincoln Navigator)

In terms of seat layout, the two are also different. Hongqi LS7 offers two layouts of 6 and 4 seats, and the use scenario is IKEA. Lincoln Navigator only provides a seat layout of 7 seats. For this full-size SUV, there is no need to worry about whether the third row is practical, and the seat layout of 2 + 2 + 3 will not be troublesome for you to enter the third row.

In terms of power, the Hongqi LS7 is equipped with a 4.0L V8 twin-turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 360Ps and a peak torque of 500N · m; the Navigator is equipped with a 3.5L V6 twin-turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 388Ps and a peak torque of 680N · m. By the way, the Lincoln Navigator not only has more beautiful parameters, but also can use 92 #gasoline, and also provides an economic model. For such a "big guy", the purpose of fuel saving is not to save money, but to reduce the number of trips to the gas station.

In terms of suspension, the Hongqi LS7 uses a combination of front double wishbone independent suspension and rear integral bridge non-independent suspension; the Lincoln Navigator is a combination of front double wishbone independent suspension and rear multi-link independent suspension, and both vehicles are equipped with a timely four-wheel drive system.

Overall, the space performance and comfort performance of the two cars are very similar, but the Lincoln Navigator is more beautiful in power data, and since the Navigator is lighter in tonnage, its actual power performance will presumably be stronger. So if you are more likely to drive yourself, the Lincoln Navigator will undoubtedly make you drive "better".

summarize

The Hongqi LS7 is undoubtedly a model with a very oriental design sense. The appearance is domineering, with many classic elements of Hongqi, and the interior design is also very gorgeous. The combination of wood grain trim and gold trim is in line with its should temperament. The Lincoln Navigator yacht-style design is also very luxurious and noble. It has a sense of style on the outside. The light-colored interior also has a great texture. There are also a lot of driving aids to help this behemoth. But there is no doubt that no matter which one you buy, these two cars are enough to show passers-by the identity and financial resources of the people in the car.

Dozens of films are piled up, and the film market is welcoming ＂warm spring＂？

March and April are often regarded as "unpopular periods" by people in the film industry, but this year’s film market is particularly lively: there are different types and themes of films released every weekend. In March, 37 new films have been filed together, and in April, 29 new films will be filed, and major film companies and new films are being filed one after another. Among them, films such as "Keep You Safe", "Journey of Bells and Buds" and "Titanic" have been the dark horses and explosions predicted by major film platforms. In this chilly spring season, the "warm spring" of China’s films is coming.

"Keep you safe" poster

"Keep you safe" leads the way

The film market was very lively in March.

In the past few years, March and April have been the traditional off-season of the mainland film market: from the audience’s point of view, students return to campus, and office workers also start a year of intense work; From the market point of view, Chinese New Year blockbusters have been released one after another, and the box office trend that is still being released has also reached a dead end. However, it is too early for May Day, and the audience’s willingness to go into the cinema is not strong, so few domestic films choose to be released in this schedule.

This year, both the arrangement of statutory holidays and the booking of new films are somewhat different from previous years: there is only one holiday in Tomb-Sweeping Day on Wednesday, April 5 this year, and five holidays on May Day, which means that there will be no small holiday before May Day this year. This did not affect the willingness to file movies. According to the Lighthouse Professional Edition, more than 100 movies were scheduled from February to April, a record high in the past three years. It can be said that the film market in China is breaking the popular habit of "relying on" small holidays and other holidays in the past few years.

In 2023, the box office has broken 15 billion yuan

The successful model is Dapeng’s new film "Keep You Safe", which was originally planned to be released on holidays, and finally the schedule was chosen on March 10, which is no small challenge. It is gratifying that this film became the first film with a box office of 400 million yuan after the Spring Festival, and the total box office predicted by Cat’s Eye Professional Edition also rose from 400 million yuan+to 700 million yuan+,exceeding the market expectation before the film was released.

In addition, Cloister Pavilion, which was released on the same day as Keep You Safe, is about to reach the 200 million mark from the original forecast of tens of millions. In March of this year, there were Broken Net, Wasteland and Thunder Shazan! The wrath of the gods, Megan and other films have been released one after another, breaking the dilemma of "the cold spot after the Spring Festival" in previous years.

"The reason why the national box office has been doing well in the past two months this year is that the Spring Festival movie market is hot and the long tail effect is obvious. After the Spring Festival, the abundant supply of movies can not only stimulate the audience’s desire to return to the cinema, but also lay a solid foundation for the recovery of the market and box office. When a certain number and quality of films are released every week, we are confident that the audience will return to the cinema, "Lighthouse Professional Data Analyst told reporters.

According to the professional edition of lighthouse data, the number of people watching movies this year has exceeded 40% of the total number of people watching movies last year, but the number of screenings is less than a quarter of the total number of screenings last year, which shows that the attendance rate has risen sharply. As of 17: 00 on March 19th, the total box office of China movies in 2023 has exceeded 15 billion yuan, about two months ahead of 2022, and the film market has obviously picked up compared with the previous two years. Judging from the films currently on file, it is estimated that by the end of March, the box office in the first quarter of this year will reach 15.3 billion to 15.5 billion yuan, and the box office in the whole year is expected to recover to more than 50 billion yuan, hitting the 60 billion yuan mark again.

Poster of Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department

There is an ample supply of films to be shown.

Titanic may become an explosion again.

In March and April, 2022, due to the epidemic, half of the cinemas in the country were closed, and the box office was even more bleak. The national box office was even less than 10 million yuan for several consecutive days. In March and April of this year, the "off-season" of the film market was not "light"-according to the data of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, as of March 12, 37 Chinese and foreign new films had been released in March, and 29 new films will be released in April.

In the last week of March, the film market was very lively. The films released were mainly comedies, fantasy films and realism, and the overall atmosphere of the cinema was relaxed and happy.

As for comedies, the domestic films Great Night and Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department will be released on March 31st and April 1st. Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department is a high-scoring film with a wide brain opening. After the film appeared at Pingyao International Film Festival in 2021, it scored 8.7 points in Douban. The film tells the story that Tang Zhijun (Yang Haoyu), editor-in-chief of the editorial department of Cosmic Exploration, accidentally receives an abnormal signal from the depths of the universe, so he gathers his friends in we are both unhappy — to the sky’s end and embarks on a journey to find aliens. On Douban. com, nearly 160,000 people clicked "Want to see" this film where the earth people and aliens meet thousands of miles away.

Poster of "Journey of Bell Bud"

As for imported comedies, the Swedish-American co-production Otto has been released, as well as "Made in India" from India and "Mrs. Harris Breaking into Paris" from Britain will be released on March 31st (Friday). Domestic films also have realistic themes such as "Not Stop" and "Loyal Dogs and Eight Men". So many films are released together, which can be compared with the "Qingming file" in previous years.

Fantasy films are mainly imported from the United States and Japan. On March 31st, two American fantasy adventure films were released, including Dungeons and Dragons: Glory of Grand Theft and Escape from Cretaceous 65, which tells the story of traveling back to prehistoric earth 65 million years ago. The fantasy animated film "Journey to the Bell Bud" directed by Japanese Makoto Shinkai premiered on March 24th, and the pre-sale box office of the film had exceeded 100 million yuan the day before its release, making it the first imported film to break 100 million yuan at the box office in the three years since the epidemic.

"It’s not just the single-day box office on February 14th, May 20th and July 7th of the lunar calendar. On March 8th this year, the single-day box office of Women’s Day reached 57,659,400, an increase of at least three times compared with the previous two days. Therefore, although this year’s Qingming file only has a one-day holiday, it is still very attractive to the film, "said Mr. Cao, a staff member of a cinema in quancheng road.

Titanic poster

Judging from the number of films to be shown at present, during the first week of April, where Tomb-Sweeping Day was located, movies were shown almost every day: the 25th anniversary of Titanic was shown on April 3rd, Detective Conan: The Dead of Baker Street was restored and shown on April 4th, the Super Mario Bros. movie was shown in Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, and the Dragon Horse Spirit and Notre Dame de Paris were shown on Friday April 7th.

Among them, the replayed classics have the most explosive faces. "Titanic" won nearly 1 billion yuan at the box office when it was re-released in 2012. Every time it is shown on a small scale at major film festivals, it will become the "popularity king" snapped up by fans. The theatrical version of Detective Conan’s The Dead of Baker Street is a lot of childhood memories of the post-90s generation, and the IP influence of Super Mary is also huge. These films can capture many young audiences, and Titanic is likely to become one of the most popular films in Tomb-Sweeping Day this year.

Poster of "Journey of Bell Bud"

Limit gear setting phenomenon disappears.

The market is developing healthily.

Mr. Cao, a staff member of a cinema in quancheng road, said that as a staff member of the cinema, he deeply felt that the film market was gradually recovering and developing in a healthier and more stable way.

In addition to the recent good trend of "there are new films every week", Mr. Cao said that what makes him most happy is that the phenomenon of "limit booking", which has been common in the past few years, has not appeared again so far this year.

According to reports, the film side has carried out purposeful publicity and distribution around the film release schedule, which is already a relatively perfect business model. For example, films for National Day and Spring Festival are scheduled several months in advance. Mainly to give fans time and opportunity to fully understand the material information of the film, which is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the public audience. In the past few years, the phenomenon of "sudden withdrawal of files" and "limit file setting" frequently occurred, which are two direct factors affecting box office performance.

"Endless" poster

"Fortunately, this year’s Spring Festival and May Day films were announced early, and some small and medium-sized films in March and April were also promoted rhythmically. As the terminal of film screening, the cinema usually needs to consider how to arrange films according to the audience’s preferences, which gives the studio staff more leisurely time to prepare for film screening and gives the audience more choices, "Mr. Cao said.

There are also some films that fans are looking forward to, which have already been made and are now able to return to the big screen. For example, Ke Bai, Vivi and Zhang Songwen starred in "Endless", which was released on March 24th, and took advantage of the popularity of Zhang Song’s diploma The Knockout to promote it. This film tells the story of an investigative reporter who went deep into a dark place at the beginning of this century to expose social reality, which is quite like another Dying to Survive.

New Yellow River reporter: Xing Yuan

Editor: Liu Dan

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