标签： 上海贵族宝贝论坛

Writing | Liu Xingzhi

Editing | Wang Jing

At the age of 64, Xu Jiayin ushered in the most difficult Mid-Autumn Festival in his life.

On the evening of September 28, China Evergrande (03333.HK) announced that the company had received a notice from the relevant departments that Xu Jiayin, the executive director and chairperson of the board of directors, had been taken compulsory measures according to law on suspicion of illegal crimes.

At 9 a.m. that day, China Evergrande, Hengda Automobile, and Hengda Property were temporarily suspended from trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The evening announcement said that China Evergrande shares would continue to be suspended until further notice.

Xu Jiayin’s last public speech was at the Hengda Football Club management meeting on July 4 this year. Recently, there were rumors that Xu Jiayin was absent from the Hengda regular meeting, which was chaired by Sean, the company’s CEO and executive director.

Before this announcement, Xu Jiayin’s own whereabouts and status were always confusing; and since the "thunderstorm", the entire Hengda has also been in a state of "Schr?dinger’s cat", and any good news about it is often followed by a bad news. In July this year, Hengda reissued its 2021 and 2022 financial reports, and in August, Hengda Automobile officially announced a financing, but then it was exposed that Xu Jiayin had married and Hengda had filed for bankruptcy.

In fact, the outside world is not surprised by Xu Jiayin’s investigation. Since the beginning of this year, a number of Evergrande executives have been detained, the most recent being Zhu Jialin, the former chairperson of Evergrande Life Insurance.

Today, Evergrande, as its name suggests, has become one of the greatest sources of instability that continue to affect confidence in the real estate market.Among other top real estate companies, Sunac is one step away from the success of overseas debt restructuring. Country Garden has just completed the extension of domestic debt, but Evergrande has delayed it again and again. Finally, on September 22, it announced that "the relevant agreement arrangement meeting originally scheduled for September 25 and September 26 on the proposed restructuring will not be held."

In terms of policy, there have been frequent positive developments in the housing market recently, and "recognizing houses but not loans" has blossomed in various places. Guangzhou has fired the first shot of some first-tier cities to liberalize purchase restrictions.

However, Hengda is a constant source of bad news.

An industry insider who did not want to be named told the box lunch financial analysis that the most important issue for Evergrande at present is still the "protection of Jiao Lou", so the final outcome of Xu Jiayin and other senior management teams may not be settled until all parties reach a consensus on the protection of Jiao Lou and other issues.

This may mean that with the introduction of a series of policies, the risk disposal of leading real estate enterprises has made progress, and the final fate of Evergrande is entering the countdown.

01

Speculation about the fate of Evergrande’s executives began last year.

In the middle of last year, Xia Haijun, the former chief executive of Evergrande Group, traveled to Hong Kong on the grounds of dealing with overseas debts. Since then, his whereabouts have been completely unknown. Some say he is in Canada, others say he is in Australia, and more people believe he has gone to the United States.

Before Hengda’s thunder, Xia Haijun had long held the "No. 2 position" in Hengda, known as the "working emperor in the real estate industry". Although he was a "part-time worker", Xia Haijun, who was around Xu Jiayin, was obviously better informed. He sold his holdings of Evergrande dollar bonds and Evergrande stocks before Hengda’s thunder, accumulating more than 1 billion yuan.

On September 26, some media said that Xia Haijun and Pan Darong, the former chief financial officer of Evergrande, had been detained or taken away by the police, but some industry insiders questioned this. "Isn’t he in the United States?" the person said. "Of course it doesn’t matter where he is, and you can’t run away if you really want to catch him."

In addition to Xia Haijun, the whereabouts of several other important executives in Hengda are relatively clear.

In January this year, Ke Peng, the former CEO of Evergrande, was taken away by the police for investigation due to his involvement in Hengda’s old reform in Shenzhen, becoming the first Hengda executive confirmed to be behind bars.

The old renovation project is still the most important "ballast stone" of Evergrande, and there are many interests involved. According to Evergrande’s financial report, as of June 30, 2023, the company has a land bank of 190 million square meters and participated in 78 old renovation projects, including 55 in the Greater Bay Area (34 in Shenzhen) and 23 in other cities.

After half a year of calm, on September 16, Hengda Wealth General Manager Du Liang and other suspected criminals were taken criminal coercive measures by Shenzhen Public Security; five days later, on September 21, there were media reports that Zhu Jialin, the former chairperson of Hengda Life, was taken away for investigation.

Hengda Fortune and Hengda Life Insurance are the two most important pieces of Hengda’s financial map, and they are also Xu Jiayin’s "money bag".

Since August 2021, Hengda Wealth has experienced difficulties in redeeming. Xu Jiayin also shouted at the time, "I can have nothing, but the investors of Hengda Wealth cannot have nothing."

But Xu Jiayin reneged on his promise. On August 31 this year, Evergrande Wealth issued a document saying that because the asset disposal was not as expected, it did not obtain the asset disposal funds and could not carry out the payment in the month. With the arrest of Du Liang and others, whether Xu Jiayin "has nothing" may come to a conclusion.

As for Hengda Life, the day before Du Liang’s arrest, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission had approved Haigang Life to take over its insurance business and corresponding assets and liabilities. Referring to the previous investigation process of "Anbang Department", with the takeover of Hengda Life, it will also be clear whether there is a "trick" in Hengda’s operations before the thunderstorm.

So far, although it is still doubtful whether Xia Haijun and others have been controlled, Hengda’s old reform and financial traders have been controlled by relevant departments, and Xu Jiayin has been forced to take coercive measures. The regulatory authorities’ disposal of Hengda has entered the final stage.

In addition, it is worth noting that on the evening of August 14, the introduction of Xu Jiayin’s wife Ding Yumei in the notes to Evergrande’s announcement changed from "Mrs. Xu" to "Ms. Ding Yumei". With the progress of Evergrande’s disposal, the hidden feelings behind this marriage may also come to light.

02

Under the drastic changes in the fortunes of the core personnel, Evergrande’s business has also been affected.

Of course, for Evergrande, whose total liabilities 2.40 trillion, it is difficult to make any progress in the specific business. Evergrande’s most important "business" before is workout.

But it is precisely because Hengda’s debt hole is too large and difficult to return, and it is also difficult to promote the workout business. Since the beginning of this year, except for a few positive times, Hengda has faced the debt problem in a "flat" way.

According to public information, as of the end of July, Hengda Real Estate involved more than 30 million yuan in pending litigation amounts totaling 437.743 billion yuan, due unpaid debts of 2775.01 billion yuan, and overdue commercial tickets totaling 207.50 billion yuan. At present, Hengda Real Estate has more than 600 pieces of information on the person subject to execution, and the total amount of execution exceeds 55.70 billion yuan. In addition, there are many restrictions on consumption orders, dishonest persons subject to execution (Lao Lai) and final case information.

Under such pressure, on the evening of July 17, Evergrande reissued its 2021 and 2022 annual reports, which had been difficult to produce for two years, allowing the outside world to get a glimpse of Evergrande’s business in the past two years.

Financial data show that the past two years Hengda total net loss of 812 billion yuan, as of the end of last year, the company’s total debt 2.43741 trillion yuan, excluding contract liabilities for 1.71639 trillion yuan.

Even if the above figures make people gasp, investors are still willing to believe that this is a positive to some extent. After all, the issuance of financial reports is an important precondition for Evergrande’s stock to resume trading. In addition, Evergrande filed for bankruptcy protection in the United States on August 18, which is also seen by the outside world as the latest progress of Evergrande’s workout.

Therefore, although Hengda shares fell by nearly 80% on the first day of resumption of trading on August 28, with the restructuring seeming to be progressing and the introduction of multiple favorable policies in the real estate market, Hengda’s share price rose by 327% from the low point on the day of resumption.

But as Hengda executives were investigated one after another, the overseas workout review meeting was announced to be put on hold, and Hengda’s share price fell again. On the afternoon of September 27, after the news of Xu Jiayin’s residential surveillance broke, Hengda stocks collectively fell, and China Hengda, which had risen 14% in early trading, closed down 18.99% at HK $0.32, almost all of its previous gains.

According to media reports, after the workout meeting was put on hold, some overseas creditors of Evergrande Group said that if Evergrande could not propose a new workout plan before October 30, they would apply for liquidation.

03

As executives are being investigated one after another, the outside world is most concerned about when and how the lid on Evergrande’s fate will be opened.

The aforementioned industry insiders believe that Evergrande’s fate is likely to surface one step ahead of Xu Jiayin and other executives. He believes that whether it is by Evergrande itself, or through the cooperation of local governments, platform companies, asset management companies and other entities, after a clear and appropriate solution is formed on issues such as the protection of the building, the management may be held accountable. How to pursue it may also refer to their cooperation in the whole incident.

Overall, compared with Xu Jiayin’s personal fate and the fate of Evergrande, the current more urgent is the fate of the owners of Hengda’s unfinished building.

Now even Xu Jiayin and other senior executives have been investigated one after another, which either means that the relevant matters have been identified, or it means that the relevant departments no longer believe that Xu Jiayin has the will and ability to solve the relevant problems.

In fact, with the successive introduction of favorable policies, there has been much progress in risk management for housing enterprises other than Hengda.

On September 19, Sunac China’s overseas debt restructuring plan was passed with a high vote, and Sun Hongbin, who had been burnt out, passed the risk. Since September, Sunac’s share price has also recovered.

The next day, Country Garden’s 15 billion yuan domestic debt was successfully extended, and in early September, Country Garden paid two US dollar debt coupons in time for the grace period deadline to avoid substantive default.

On September 15, Sino-Ocean Group also announced that it would start a comprehensive restructuring of overseas debt, and said that the company has not defaulted on any open market, and the coupons on domestic corporate bonds and overseas US dollar bonds have been successfully extended, and the extended domestic corporate bonds will be repaid on time.

Under the support of policies, real estate companies such as Sunac and Country Garden have not yet completely escaped danger, but they have the ability to resolve risks independently. However, at present, whether in terms of attitude or ability, Evergrande is obviously an exception.

Coincidentally, Ren Zeping, an economist who once worked for Evergrande, published an article entitled "Real Estate Policy is Entering a Historic Turning Point" through WeChat’s official account "Zeping Macro" in the early morning of the 27th when Xu Jiayin was exposed to residential surveillance. The article mentioned that "it is time to optimize and adjust real estate policy".It is recommended to establish a real estate rescue fund by compacting the local main responsibility and supporting financial instruments to support the stability of the property, and to support high-quality real estate enterprises, especially private real estate enterprises, and support AMC and other mergers and acquisitions in the industry.

In fact, the "dismemberment" of Evergrande has been quietly carried out.

On the evening of September 27, Shengjing Bank (HK.02066) announced that it plans to sell some credit assets in accordance with laws and regulations, and the purchaser is Liaoning Asset Management Company.

Shengjing Bank used to be Evergrande’s "shadow bank", while Liaoning Asset Management Company is mainly engaged in the bulk acquisition and sale of non-performing assets of financial enterprises, which is controlled by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Finance.

There is not much time left for Evergrande.

Peng Yuyan is grateful that he came across the script of "Dog Formation" when he was 40 years old, and perhaps only at this age can he be so emotionally involved in "Dog Formation". The film won the Best Film Award in the Attention Section and the "Golden Palm of the Dog" Jury Award at the 77th Cannes International Film Festival this year, and began to be released in China on June 15.

Peng Yuyan said that making the film gave him the opportunity to look at his past four decades. "We may be busy every day, but we don’t know what we are busy with. In an environment like the Gobi Desert, human beings are really insignificant, that is, a grain of sand in the Gobi Desert. What you think is important may not be so important."

"This film gave me the opportunity to explore human nature and learn more about myself."

The movie "Dogs" sets the story in a small town in the northwest. After "Bullfight", Guan Hu’s director returned to the animal theme after 15 years. In the film, Jiro, played by Peng Yuyan, is imprisoned for manslaughter and returns to his hometown after parole, but it is difficult to integrate into society. Forced to join the dog fighting team, Jiro saves a black dog due to an accidental car accident, and the fates of the two are connected. Two incompatible souls resonate in each other’s loneliest moments, redeem each other, and become inseparable life partners.

The story of Jiro and the black dog in the movie has aroused the empathy of many audiences. Although the people and dogs "don’t speak the same words," they "have the same heart." Some viewers said, "Jiro is a maverick and marginal person, just like the dogs in the movie, wild and bloody coexist." Jia Zhangke commented, "People and dogs warm each other in the desolate land of the northwest, and the vitality that bursts out is touching." The director Guan Hu also said in an interview, "The animal nature contained in the human body is particularly precious. We lost it all the way when we grew up. The blood that Jiro should have was inspired by this black dog."

"The epidemic made me want to do something different, spend more time with my family, experience a different life, and my worldview and outlook on life have changed. When I came across this very good script at this time, I felt very much when I read it, and I wanted to have a different experience. So, I have to do this thing, and there is no reason to refuse."

Jiro in "Dogs" resonated deeply with Peng Yuyan: "After returning to my hometown after ten years, Jiro’s world is different. For others, time in this world has been passing, but for Jiro, it has been lost for many years. When I read the script, I think, what has this character gone through before? I don’t have a few lines in the film, but there are many opposite scenes with dogs, which is a very attractive role for me. It gives me the opportunity to explore human nature and understand myself better at the same time."

Peng Yuyan admitted that if he had seen such a script a few years ago, he might not have felt as much as he does now. "But when I encountered this scene at the age of almost 40, I felt very resonant. Many times life is not up to me to decide. How do I make changes or find my place? The process is inevitably confused and painful. Jiro in the movie is also in this situation. He is struggling to break through himself or find his place in the world. What else can he do for this society, what can he do for his family, what can he do for himself? He is at a big crossroads and does not know what to do."

Peng Yuyan said that when he reads the script, it is easy to substitute, and if he and the character have a certain degree of fit, he will have a strong desire to create. "I think the play’Dog Formation ‘can definitely give me a lot of energy and make me transform again. And Guan Hu is also a director I admire very much. I like his works very much, and I have always hoped to have the opportunity to cooperate with him."

Dedicated the most subversive performance since the film

In "Dog Array," Peng Yuyan gave his most subversive performance since he was a photographer. He admitted that Erlang was a character he had never played before. As always, he did a lot of homework for this character.

The first is the change of appearance, "The story of" Dog Formation "mainly took place in Jiuquan and Yumen, Gansu Province in 2008, and I didn’t look like the people in that environment. During that period, I drank a lot of coffee and tea, rinsed my mouth instead of brushing my teeth, and made my teeth a little yellow and tanned, which also reduced the workload of the makeup artist. Because the ultraviolet rays there are stronger, people will have a redder and darker complexion, so I got my sun spots out, my scalp was also cracked, and I shaved a short inch, and then made my body a little stronger, but I won’t be as thin as before" Tropical Past ". Because Jiro’s character is not in an unhealthy state, he came from a place where life is very regular. The bad thing about him is that his brain has not yet adapted to the current era. He has been away from his hometown for ten years and has been out of touch with the times. During the shooting process, I feel that Jiro’s state is more and more like that dog. I like my style in "Dog Array" very much.

In order to shoot "Dog Formation", Peng Yuyan also learned motorcycle stunts, "I have filmed a lot of motorcycle scenes before, but I have never practiced stunts. This time I have to ride a motorcycle to climb stairs and fly. After all, Jiro is a champion stuntman, so I still need to practice. Flick the tail, ride the stairs, rush down and fly up, and then land. I fell quite badly in the process, and the daily training will be more exhausting."

Peng Yuyan smiled and said that it is difficult to learn motorcycle stunts, "because the old motorcycle is very heavy, and its oil should be grasped very firmly. I wear protective gear when I practice, but I don’t have it when I shoot, so it is actually very dangerous. If you don’t have professional guidance, you really don’t practice by yourself. All our motorcycle riding scenes are real shots, and I like this kind of challenge very much. Like when I shot" Emergency Rescue "before and got burned or hung on a helicopter, I just had to fight hard and survive. Because of the movies I shot before, I have good physical training, but motorcycle stunts are not purely physical. Sometimes those stunts really can’t be done because it requires physical memory and brain access. You can do it today, but maybe not tomorrow. When I practice after work, I keep falling. I will have shadows and pain, so I don’t dare to practice again. I hit my instep and toes a few times in the middle, and I also took X-rays several times because everyone was worried that I would get injured. Now, riding a motorcycle has become my hobby, just like riding a bicycle before. "

"I didn’t adopt Xiao Xin, it adopted me"

A very important part of "Dog Formation" is getting along with dogs. Before the movie started, Peng Yuyan went to learn to train dogs and cultivate feelings with more than ten black dogs. "At that time, there were many dogs in the crew, and the animals were uncontrollable in filming, so I had to cultivate a good relationship with each dog. During filming, many scenes were shot to the end, and there were not many editing parts, so I would rehearse with the dogs many times in advance. I think dogs know what we are talking about. When we were filming, we knew what we wanted them to do. Every dog has its own personality, even if they are the same color, but their eyes are different. There were a total of more than a dozen dogs at that time, and I remember every one of them. We’ve been training and cultivating our relationship for a long time. We have scenes of eating, bathing, sleeping, biting me, and licking me. To some extent, the dog is the real star of this drama. "

Peng Yuyan has been with these dogs for more than four months, and there is a scene in which Erlang is bitten, so Peng Yuyan has to be bitten by dogs many times during the audition, "One time, I didn’t wear protective gear, and the dog habitually came up and bit my leg, and I was bitten before I could get out of the way. It sometimes bites me when it is not happy, but I simply don’t hide and let it bite. Of course, there is protective gear to protect it, but it will still hurt. Because the dog bites without letting go, even if it wears protective gear, it will still be bitten until it is bruised. If there is no protective gear, it is estimated that the second one will not be able to shoot, but slowly I bite a lot, and I will get used to it, and I am not afraid. A dog biting is a normal and instinctive behavior, how can you ask an animal to lose its animality. The play "Dog Formation" is quite philosophical, although I don’t have any lines, but the play with animals can show a lot of human parts. Dogs are human to some extent, they just don’t talk. Dogs know if there is any fear or anxiety in you, they use their eyes to communicate, and they use their sense of smell to identify and judge what the person has experienced. Maybe because dogs don’t have language, their senses become clearer, and they remember the smell of you. They can feel what mood you are in, or whether you like dogs or not. I believe that dogs can feel the energy of a person, and in their eyes, everyone’s color is different. "

"Xiao Xin," the black dog in "Dog Formation," also won the "Jury Prize" from the Organizing Committee of the Golden Palm of Dogs at this year’s Cannes Film Festival. After finishing, Peng Yuyan also adopted Xiao Xin. "I have three dogs now, one is Xiao Xin in" Dog Formation ", and the other two are puppies born to the pregnant dog in the play. These three dogs have been with me until now."

Xiao Xin is the dog who has played the most roles against Peng Yuyan. "On the first day I went, he could sleep next to me for 20 minutes without fear. He is the only dog who can sit next to me in the shower and act with me. Xiao Xin is very obedient, he doesn’t bark, but he is very smart. Every time I look at him, I know that his eyes are thinking, and his eyes have subtext. Xiao Xin can really perform, very spiritual, and has his own ideas, but he can’t say it. The other two puppies adopted, a male and a mother, will want to convey some ideas when watching people. The male is a little more dormant, but he is also very cute and has his own personality."

Owning a dog changed Peng Yuyan’s daily life. He got up at 6 o’clock, developed the habit of walking the dog three times a day, took care of the dog’s daily life, and even went to Cannes to attend the film festival. Most of his luggage was dog-related supplies. Peng Yuyan said that filming "Dog Formation" with Xiao Xin changed his perception of performance, and owning a dog changed his outlook on life and values. Xiao Xin is now more than three years old, and his feelings and tacit understanding with Peng Yuyan have become deeper. The pure, direct and comprehensive expression of Xiao Xin also made Peng Yuyan pay more attention to the present moment of life and cherish every moment with him. He said frankly, "I didn’t adopt Xiao Xin, but he adopted me."

This was the most unknown filming experience. There were many moments of helplessness, vulnerability and even fear

Despite a lot of preparation, Peng Yuyan smiled and said that when he arrived at the scene, he realized that it was different from what he imagined. "I can’t predict how the dog will perform, so I have to overturn the previous preparation, fully immerse myself in the moment and give an intuitive response. There are many moments of helplessness, vulnerability and even fear in this process, because I don’t know if the performance is accurate, and the only thing that can help me believe in myself is the dog who is playing against me, and they are the most authentic."

The director, Guan Hu, did not want to see any trace of performance on Peng Yuyan. Peng Yuyan said: "He wanted to shoot a real person in life, and for me, this was the most unknown shooting experience. I can only trust the reaction of the animals in the opposite scene. This movie changed my brain’s understanding of acting to some extent, and made me have a completely different understanding of acting."

Peng Yuyan liked Guan Hu’s "Bullfighting" and "Killing Life" very much. "When I watched the movie, I felt that the actors in it were tortured badly, and when I made" Dog Array ", I also wanted to be abused and watched. Actors in such an environment will be in a different state, and I don’t need to change too much by myself, because the cold and wind in the northwest will naturally give me a feeling of living there. I have always liked unknown things, and this time, I didn’t make any deliberate designs for the characters. The director and I both hope to pursue the most realistic and life-like performances, putting aside words and performing with our eyes and bodies."

"Dog Formation," Peng Yuyan’s film with the fewest lines, admits that it makes the performance more difficult, "because it is difficult to strengthen the body, especially many long shots to the end, and close-ups. When there is a camera, I feel that I need to give something, and I will realize that someone is watching, and it must be different from not having a camera. So when the camera is far away, it is easier for me to perform more loosely, but it is impossible to be too loose, and it is difficult to find that balance. And the director has found a lot of local amateurs to act with us. If I design my performance, the effect will become very strange."

Living without a cell phone signal, purely immersed in creativity

This is Peng Yuyan’s first time working with the director Guan Hu, and he is very honored. "My role may be the inner world of the director Guan Hu, the medium that the director needs when he wants to talk to the world, and I complete this dialogue through performance. The director has high requirements for the work and details, but he still gives me a very free space to create. It is really not easy for the team to shoot such a difficult artistic work in such a harsh environment. I am very grateful for this experience. Our group of people created such works together. For four or five months, we lived without a cell phone signal, and we were purely involved in the creation. It was a rare experience in my life."

Peng Yuyan praised Guan Hu for knowing how to act and being very good at acting. "The director seems to like filming animals and challenging himself. He knows exactly what he wants to do, and he doesn’t use the camera for more than a second. If the actor does something wrong, he just doesn’t want it. The director makes me feel very at ease, and I was a little afraid at first, but he takes great care of the actors and allows us to have a very comfortable environment to perform, and he will make everything around him meet his standards. He is a very demanding director, which I think is great. The director doesn’t have much setting for me, because my character doesn’t have lines and doesn’t have much action. He is stricter on actors who have lines."

Peng Yuyan laughed and said that in one scene of his scenes with dogs, there were 80 or 90 shots, "The director said that he broke the record of Teacher Huang Bo and the cow. In fact, for every scene with dogs, I basically have to shoot 30 or 40 shots. The final feeling of this film is that I will no longer shoot with animals, haha."

The director of Guan Hu hopes that Peng Yuyan is real enough and life-like enough, "I think it’s very good, I tell myself that every shot should be like the first shot, how to keep myself in the first state every time, which is really the hardest. So, I will be a little different for each one, depending on which one the director likes. Sometimes it’s more fun, sometimes it’s a little bit more small, and it gradually becomes more and more natural and more open. Seeing which one the director likes and which one to choose is actually a good exercise. Because sometimes three or four shots are taken in a scene, and the director says it’s good after the first shot, but for me, if I shoot 30 shots, of course I can have the opportunity to use 30 performances, then see if I can think of 30 performances, which is actually a big challenge. Moreover, every time a dog’s performance is different, so I can’t design it. Every time I act with a dog, I will react directly to what it does, so acting with a dog is probably the most natural. If it kisses me or bites me, my most instinctive reaction will be made, and the director will be happy, and the audience will see the real reaction. "

Try to change yourself a little bit instead of doing what you are better at

The character of Jiro is very different from Peng Yuyan’s personality, but Peng Yuyan said that he has always liked this contrasting role. "I was not a gymnast before, but I just made" Roll Over! Ashin "to make myself like that. Of course, I am much different from Jiro. In fact, whether it is this kind of literary film, sports inspirational film, police and gangster film, I try to make myself a little more change, rather than choosing to do something that I am more good at. I hope I can try every genre. This time, the director Guan Hu came to me. The director thinks he can change me to this, so I will try my best to meet the director’s requirements."

Talking about the "distance" between the character and himself, Peng Yuyan said: "Maybe I don’t look like the character, but I find it interesting that people don’t necessarily know what kind of personality I am. The me I learned through interviews or other channels is to some extent the’Peng Yuyan ‘I am playing. The real me has many sides, and the real me may be hidden in my role."

Every play that I have filmed has also become a part of Peng Yuyan’s own life. "Whether it is the skills I have learned or the friends I have made, such as cyclists or MMA instructors, it will become a part of my life later. For example, I got my license as a dolphin trainer for filming. Although I don’t usually think about it, when I go to Ocean Park, I suddenly recall that experience. This time I met these dogs in" Dog Formation "and wanted to continue the relationship with dogs into my life, so I adopted Xiao Xin."

Peng Yuyan believes that one of the blessings of being an actor is having images to help him record his life. "Many things don’t seem to exist if I don’t remember, but I am lucky to have images to record, and I will remember what year I did. When I received" Dog Formation ", I thought that meeting a character like Erlang at this time must have some meaning, and I can gain something in the days to come. I think it is a gift."

When he was 40, Peng Yuyan said that the mood when he made "Dog Formation" was different from before. "As I got older, I also experienced more things. This play is the theme of magical reality, and it is the story of a frustrated man who finds himself again. A lot of my thoughts changed during the epidemic period, and when I met this character, I could convey my understanding of the world. For example, Jiro was at a loss in the face of the new world, and his vulnerability and confusion were also my feelings about the outside world at that time. Whether it is the director or me, we are willing to fully commit ourselves to creating a work of art that may not be so commercial. We are willing to take risks to do this. We have the same bravery as Jiro."

By our reporter Zhang Jia

Photo by Xiaoxuan

(Beijing Youth Daily)

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　　Bright pictures/vision china

　　[thoughts]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Labor refers to the activity that people create material wealth and spiritual wealth necessary for their own survival and development through their own hard physical or mental efforts. In the new era, labor education has been picked up again, and schools have gradually begun to jointly carry out labor education practice with society and families. But in reality, labor education is often reduced to a simple task in daily teaching, a simple physical education, skill learning, and even alienated into entertainment, punishment and domestication. This paper holds that the lack of understanding of the connotation of labor and labor education still leads to some misunderstandings in the practice of labor education, such as the "servitude" of cognitive mental work that makes learning and labor oppose each other, the "play" that replaces the real pleasure of labor, and the lack of continuity in labor education, which needs serious reflection based on the connotation of labor education, and has certain practical pertinence, hoping to bring inspiration to readers.

　　1, learning "servitude" put learning and labor in opposition.

　　In recent years, labor education has been promoted to the same position as moral education, intellectual education, physical education and aesthetic education, so some schools have vigorously carried out labor education practice. Some open up schools to build farms and guide students to carry out productive labor practice; Some combine social resources and rely on labor education practice bases to organize students to experience labor. Social practice activities of learning agriculture and learning industry are carried out regularly every year in many places. However, while increasing the opportunities of labor experience, we will find a conventional concept that students’ daily study is not labor. This is really worth reflecting on. Isn’t learning itself labor?

　　In fact, learning itself is also a kind of labor, and learning is cognitive mental labor. Soviet educator Suhomlinski believes that "labor education begins when students sit behind desks and study. Desk is the most complicated machine tool, which makes children, teenagers and teenagers feel that it is shameful to be careless, and laziness and idleness are sad. It is the most difficult thing for students to establish this understanding in education". Learning is a kind of labor that promotes the combination of wisdom and hands’ efforts. In this labor, learning is labor, while knowledge is the result of labor efforts. Under the background of digital labor era, the function of labor gradually turns to the existential function of realizing personal self-worth and obtaining the sense of value and meaning of existence. From this perspective, completing labor outside of learning may not be able to obtain more sense of value and existence than learning process.

　　If learning is labor, why talk about labor education now? Why didn’t the mental work, which occupies the main position in students’ life at present, achieve the purpose of labor education? Why do schools often oppose mental labor and productive labor, and think that too much emphasis on intellectual development leads to insufficient labor experience? This is because the mental work of learning is alienated, and learning has been externalized as "labor".

　　To recognize that learning is externalized as "labor", we need to trace back the essence of learning, a mental labor, and re-examine the current learning process of students. From Marx’s definition of labor, we can see that labor is first of all a process between man and nature. In the process of material exchange with nature, man is increasingly aware of the common attributes of things and phenomena, and finds the regularity and connection between them, while mental labor is expressed in the form of representation, concept and reasoning. Learning this mental work ultimately points to scientific understanding of things, which is also an essential attribute for learning to become mental work. At present, students’ learning has gradually become "externalized labor" pointed out by Marx. Marx said in the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844: Labor is an external thing for workers. In labor, he does not affirm himself, but denies himself. Instead of feeling happy, he feels unfortunate. Instead of freely exerting his physical strength and intelligence, he tortures himself physically and mentally. Once the external force stops, he will escape from labor like a plague. This exposition of externalization of labor seems to be just right to describe the study of today’s students. Students’ study is not to scientifically understand reality, but to pursue external material needs. The "tearing books after the college entrance examination" repeatedly exposed by the media reflects the students’ escape from this externally imposed task. Therefore, learning is no longer real labor, and it no longer has the function of liberating physical strength and intelligence.Instead, it becomes "hard labor", so it has little effect on improving students’ labor literacy.

　　2. "Gamification" makes students lose their interest in labor.

　　Corresponding to the fact that learning has become "hard labor", other forms of labor education that are gradually emerging show a trend of "gamification". Some schools carry out interesting and wonderful labor activities to attract students, and some schools integrate labor education into spring outing. On the one hand, this can improve students’ enthusiasm for participating in labor, but on the other hand, we need to pay attention to avoid blurring the difference between labor and games. Labor is the process of externalizing oneself, while game is the process of internalizing reality. The fuzziness of the difference between labor and games is more obvious in the digital age. Digital labor blurs the time-space boundary between entertainment and work, and dispels the traditional antagonistic relationship between play and labor.

　　Labor is a serious process of giving, and the joy of labor lies in creation. This kind of giving also explains the self-externalization of labor. Students devote their physical strength and intelligence to the labor process and gain certain results. The pleasure that students feel in their work is the pleasure of creating things because of self-sacrifice, not fun. There is a difference between labor and games. Games can naturally bring satisfaction to children, but labor itself has no interest in children, so the interest in labor needs to be cultivated and developed consciously. The gamification of labor makes many activities look interesting, but there is no labor in essence, and students can’t gain interest in labor. Suhomlinski believes that the interest in labor should be manifested as "they realize that they can act on nature, make plants give fruits, and use tools to process wood or metal into needed shapes". Therefore, in the practice of labor education, we need to judge whether the interest in the labor process comes from giving and creating, or is interfered by other factors such as gamification.

　　The contribution in the process of labor can cultivate positive labor values and make students love the working people and respect the fruits of labor. At the end of the 19th century, a "new" school appeared in France to train people engaged in "advanced knowledge occupations". In this school, students treat manual labor just like games and sports, because they don’t have to live by manual labor in the future. Although this school is located in the countryside, the students are far away from farmers’ lives. Although they are also working, they can’t really understand and study various social relations. Rousseau believes that only by taking part in labor in person and understanding all its complexity and arduousness according to experience can students judge the social significance of a production department in the future. Therefore, if we don’t regard labor as a serious process, we can’t cultivate our feelings for the working people, and we can’t cultivate our appreciation for the obtained survival materials.

　　3. Labor education stays in experience and ignores daily self-service labor.

　　At present, the labor practice of studying industry and agriculture in some areas is vigorously carried out, and an institutionalized labor experience system is gradually formed based on the construction of learning industry and agriculture bases. However, the persistence of these activities is worthy of attention. Most schools spend one week each semester leading students to experience labor, but they only stay in the experience once each semester, and there is a lack of cohesion between the activities, which is easy to make the labor experience become a casual entertainment. What’s more, some schools organize students to pull weeds in wasteland, and students regard pulling weeds as a kind of hard labor. This kind of labor experience of "working without teaching" deepens students’ rejection of manual labor. Therefore, the experience of labor must be complete, so that students can see the results of labor and feel satisfied with the achievements they have made through their own labor. If we just stop at pulling weeds without letting students experience the significance of pulling weeds for the growth of saplings, it will be difficult for this labor experience to play its due role. To lead students to plant wheat seedlings, we should let them see the process of wheat seedlings growing, heading and harvesting, and even let them see the process of wheat grains turning into food. At this time, the sense of pleasure comes not only from obtaining external products, but also from experiencing the sense of value and existence of labor.

　　In fact, daily self-service labor is just the way to implement the principle of continuity of labor education. However, these are often ignored in schools and families. Schools spend time and energy to organize off-campus labor practice, but at noon, catering staff bring students lunch to the classroom, "depriving" students of the opportunity to experience self-service. The relationship between man and self is at the core of the three attributes of man, which also means that students’ self-service labor plays a vital role in students’ all-round development. Self-service labor can be regarded as the beginning of labor education. No matter what kind of productive labor he is engaged in in in the future, self-service will become his obligation and habit, and it is also the habit of cultivating people to observe discipline, meet their personal needs by doing it themselves, and form the habit of respecting others. When students get food effortlessly, it is difficult to ask them to respect food and labor.

　　4. Strategies and suggestions for getting out of the misunderstanding of labor education practice.

　　"If there is labor, there may not be education". Labor needs to satisfy three relational attributes, namely, man and self, man and nature, and man and society. The basic contents of labor are: self-service labor, productive labor and social welfare labor. Labor education is a practical activity based on physical labor and material production labor, exploratory innovation labor and artistic aesthetic labor, which is manifested in independent life in family life, practice and hands-on operation in study, public welfare activities in society and various professional labor. Therefore, the strategy to get out of the misunderstanding of labor education practice is to balance people’s different forms of labor demand through diversification.

　　First of all, set up a cohesive and comprehensive labor education course. Dewey once said in The Waste of Education that all aspects and stages of education lack the necessary connection and cohesion with each other, which leads to conflicts and even negative effects. Similarly, in order to avoid the waste of education caused by labor education staying at the experience level, the labor education curriculum needs to pay attention to the cohesion of labor content and skills, which is reflected in the cohesion of curriculum content and the cohesion of education system. In terms of course content, it is necessary to set up labor courses that echo and connect properly according to the needs and characteristics of students of different classes and grades. In the education system, it is necessary to consolidate the skills and concepts of labor education through the cooperation between family and society. Schools can encourage students to find service jobs at home, take the initiative to participate in housework, and learn some labor skills. In addition, the content of labor curriculum also needs to take into account three basic labor education contents, namely, self-service labor, productive labor and social welfare labor.

　　Secondly, change the concept of labor education of parents and educators, so that parents and educators can establish labor education awareness. The promotion of the cooperative mechanism between labor educators and schools puts forward higher requirements for teachers and parents’ awareness of labor education. For example, some schools will arrange "homework". If teachers and parents can’t pay attention to it, the effect will be greatly reduced. In order to avoid staying in the curriculum, labor education needs to enhance the awareness of teachers and parents. On the one hand, it is necessary to interpret the connotation, function and significance of labor education in combination with the development of the new era. On the other hand, it is necessary to change the concept of labor education through necessary education and training, so that they can voluntarily carry out and cooperate with the development of labor education activities.

　　Finally, actively develop creative forms of labor and promote the combination of physical strength and brain power. Creative labor enables students to use the power of wisdom in physical labor, realize the unity of "internal thinking" and "external doing", and thus experience the happiness of labor. Wang Shaoliang, a scholar, believes that the labor values of contemporary teenagers have changed from "labor glory" to "labor happiness", that is, from "a kind of praise obtained from the outside through labor achievements" to "confirmation and affirmation of an essential force from their own labor achievements". Therefore, the development of school labor activities can not stay in simple physical labor, but needs to develop challenging creative labor that can show students’ physical and mental potential. Suhomlinski’s "creative labor theory" also points out that the content of labor education should be enriched with enough knowledge, abundant wisdom and refined talents.

　　 (Author: Ning Bentao Feng Linlin, respectively, professor of the Department of Education, Department of Education, East China Normal University, researcher of the Institute of Basic Education Reform and Development; Master student, Department of Education, East China Normal University)