CCTV News:Recently, the Ministry of Education, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, issued the "Reform Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of Discipline and Specialty Settings in General Higher Education" (hereinafter referred to as the "Reform Plan"), and made arrangements for the adjustment and optimization of discipline and specialty settings in higher education.
The Reform Plan comprehensively implements the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, further implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on deepening the reform of the discipline and specialty system of higher education in the new era, accelerates the adjustment and optimization of the discipline and specialty structure, promotes the high-quality development of higher education, and serves to support Chinese modernization.
The "Reform Plan" emphasizes that the adjustment, optimization and reform of disciplines and specialties should face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, guide universities to strive for first-class in their respective fields, and take the road of independent training of talents. The "Reform Plan" puts forward the reform ideas and principles of serving the country’s development, highlighting the advantages and characteristics, and strengthening coordination and linkage, and defines the relatively quantitative short-term goal by 2025 and the long-term goal by 2035.
The "Reform Plan" adheres to the problem orientation, focuses on personnel training, and clarifies the adjustment and optimization of disciplines and specialties, what to change, how to change it, and who will change it. Aiming at the three main bodies of the adjustment and optimization reform of disciplines and specialties, this paper puts forward a series of targeted and operable reform measures around how to plan and set up at the school level, how to coordinate management at the provincial level and how to macro-control at the national level. At the school level, it is necessary to strengthen the development planning of disciplines and specialties, accelerate the construction of first-class disciplines, deepen the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural science, new liberal arts and basic disciplines, and improve the quality assurance mechanism of discipline and specialty construction. At the provincial level, it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of disciplines and specialties, strictly check and evaluate disciplines and specialties, and evaluate the demand and use of talents. At the national level, it is necessary to give full play to the guiding role of the discipline and specialty catalogue, improve the discipline and specialty management system, strengthen the construction and application of discipline and specialty standards, strengthen the demonstration and guidance, implement the "national urgent need for high-level talent training special project", strengthen the construction of professional colleges, and improve the linkage mechanism between discipline and specialty adjustment and talent demand.
The "Reform Plan" requires local colleges and universities to study and formulate the implementation plan of discipline and specialty reform according to the reform plan and the actual situation of the local school, and report the implementation of the implementation plan every year in combination with the annual discipline and specialty setting.
Adjustment and optimization of discipline and specialty setting in general higher education
the reform program
Discipline is the core pillar of the higher education system and the basic platform for talent training. The structure and quality of discipline directly affect the effectiveness of moral education in colleges and universities and the ability of higher education to serve the high-quality development of economy and society. In order to further adjust and optimize the discipline and specialty structure, promote the high-quality development of higher education, and support the Chinese modernization drive, the following reform plan is formulated.
I. General requirements
1. Guiding ideology. Thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, comprehensively implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on education, completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, face the main battlefield of the economy, face the major needs of the country, face people’s lives and health, promote colleges and universities to actively adapt to the needs of economic and social development, deepen the supply-side reform of disciplines and majors, comprehensively improve the quality of independent training of talents, and build a high-quality higher education system.
2. Working principles
— — Serve national development. Guided by serving the high-quality development of the economy and society, we should think about what the country thinks, what is urgent for the country, and what the country needs, and build disciplines and majors that are urgently needed for building a strong national strategy and regional development.
— — Highlight the advantages and characteristics. Guided by the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural science and new liberal arts, we will strengthen the dominant disciplines and form a highland for talent training; Do a good job in characteristic disciplines and realize classified development and characteristic development.
— — Strengthen collaborative linkage. Strengthen the linkage between the education system and industry departments, strengthen the coordination of talent demand prediction, early warning, training and evaluation, and realize the matching and mutual promotion between disciplines and specialties and industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain.
3. Work objectives
By 2025, we will optimize and adjust the distribution of about 20% disciplines in colleges and universities, set up a number of disciplines that adapt to new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, and eliminate disciplines that do not adapt to economic and social development; The proportion of undergraduate majors in basic disciplines, especially science and basic medicine, has further increased; Build about 10,000 national first-class professional points and about 300 top-notch student training bases in basic disciplines; Make breakthroughs in disciplines that have certain international influence and play an important role in serving the country’s major strategic needs, and form a large number of specialty clusters with distinctive advantages; We will build a number of future technical colleges, modern industrial colleges, high-level public health colleges and excellent engineer colleges, and build a number of colleges with professional characteristics, which will significantly improve the ability of independent training of talents. By 2035, the discipline structure of higher education will be more coordinated, the characteristics will be more prominent, and the optimization and adjustment mechanism will be more perfect, forming an independent training system for high-level talents, which will strongly support the construction of a first-class talent phalanx and a first-class university system, realize the high-quality development of higher education, and build a powerful country in higher education.
Second, improve the setting, adjustment and construction of disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities
4. Strengthen the development planning of disciplines and specialties. Colleges and universities should scientifically formulate medium-and long-term plans for the development of disciplines and majors, actively adapt to the needs of national and regional economic and social development, knowledge innovation, scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading, and do a good job in the optimization, adjustment, upgrading, replacement and new construction of disciplines and majors. It is necessary to unify the discipline and specialty planning with the school career development planning, establish and improve the working system, and conduct a special study on the adjustment of discipline and specialty setting in our school every year according to the needs of social talents, the orientation and conditions of running a school.
5. Accelerate the construction of first-class disciplines. Colleges and universities should break away from convention, serve the country’s major strategic needs, focus on the world’s scientific frontiers, key technical fields, inherit and carry forward the excellent Chinese culture, and serve the new fields and new directions of governing the country, so as to create a benchmark discipline with China characteristics. It is necessary to break down the barriers of disciplines, deepen the cross-disciplinary integration, innovate the discipline organization mode, reform the talent training mode, cultivate outstanding young talent teams, deepen international exchanges and cooperation, improve the multi-channel resource raising mechanism, and build an innovative platform for the integration of science, education and production.
6. Deepen the construction of new engineering courses. Actively adapt to the trend of industrial development, actively serve the strategy of manufacturing a strong country, deepen the construction of new engineering and accelerate the structural adjustment of disciplines around "new engineering majors and new requirements of engineering majors". All-factor transformation and upgrading of existing engineering majors will integrate the frontier achievements and latest requirements of related disciplines into the talent training program and teaching process. Intensify the construction of major national strategies, strategic emerging industries, regional pillar industries and other related disciplines, and create distinctive and synergistic disciplines and professional clusters. Promote the cross-integration of existing engineering, the cross-integration of engineering and other disciplines, the extension of applied science to engineering, form a new interdisciplinary specialty, and cultivate new engineering fields.
7. Strengthen the construction of new medicine. Facing people’s life and health, we should implement the concept of "great health" and accelerate the construction of a medical discipline professional system that serves the whole life cycle and health process. Focus on the concept content, methods and techniques, standard evaluation, etc., and comprehensively transform and upgrade the existing medical specialty. Actively adapt to the new development of medicine and the new development of health industry, and lay out the shortage of specialties in the fields of intelligent medicine, internet medical care and medical devices. Aim at the forefront of medical science and technology development, vigorously promote the deep cross-integration of medical science and science, engineering, liberal arts and other disciplines, and cultivate emerging disciplines such as "medicine+X" and "X+medicine".
8. Promote the construction of new agricultural science. Facing the new countryside, new agriculture, new farmers and new ecology, we will promote the supply-side reform of agriculture and forestry disciplines and serve to support agricultural transformation and upgrading and rural revitalization. Adapt to the new requirements of the new round of scientific and technological revolution for personnel training, and actively use modern biotechnology, information technology and engineering technology to transform and upgrade the existing agriculture-related disciplines. Serve the strategic needs of national seed industry security, cultivated land protection and construction, modern agricultural development, ecosystem management, rural construction, and the development of new industries and formats such as forest health and green low carbon, and set up specialties in key areas such as biological breeding, smart cultivated land, seed science and engineering, agricultural and forestry intelligent equipment, and rural planning and design. Actively promote the deep cross-integration, innovation and development of agriculture, agriculture, agriculture, medicine and agriculture, and cultivate emerging agriculture-related disciplines.
9. Accelerate the construction of new liberal arts. Construct philosophy and social science with China characteristics, construct China’s independent knowledge system, try to answer China’s question, the question of the world, the question of the people and the question of the times, and highlight the road of China, the rule of China and the theory of China. Promote the cross-integration of liberal arts, liberal arts and science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, actively develop emerging liberal arts majors, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the original liberal arts majors. Strengthen the construction of major related to foreign-related personnel training in key areas, build a training base for foreign-related legal talents and key language talents, and actively serve the country’s soft power promotion and cultural prosperity and development. Promote the digital transformation of liberal arts majors, deepen the reform of the curriculum system and teaching content of liberal arts majors, achieve the unity of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability training, and create the China paradigm of liberal arts education.
10. Strengthen the construction of basic disciplines. Strengthen the majors of basic science disciplines such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, and moderately expand the layout of disciplines such as astronomy that are in short supply. Accurately promote the specialty construction of basic medicine (including pharmacy) and promote the integrated 8-year clinical medical education reform of basic and clinical integration. Systematically promote the construction of basic liberal arts disciplines such as philosophy and history, and promote the formation of China School of Philosophy and Social Sciences. Promote multidisciplinary cross-integration. Adapt to the requirements of "strengthening foundation, attaching importance to application and cultivating characteristics" and promote the cultivation of basic and applied talents by classification. High-level research universities should strengthen the training of basic research talents; Local colleges and universities should broaden the application of basic disciplines, build a "basic+application" compound training system, and explore the establishment of "basic disciplines+"minor bachelor’s degree and double bachelor’s degree programs.
11. Improve the quality assurance mechanism for discipline construction. Colleges and universities should follow the principle of "wide before deep" in talent training, formulate scientific and standardized talent training programs, systematically design the curriculum system, and fully equip and strengthen the teaching staff, teaching conditions, practice bases, etc. to ensure the implementation of talent training programs. Regularly carry out the self-evaluation of disciplines and specialties, establish and improve the annual reporting system of discipline and specialty construction quality, systematically report the overall situation of discipline and specialty construction and adjustment, sub-discipline construction, service economic and social development, etc., and actively and publicly accept social supervision.
Three, strengthen the overall planning and management of provincial disciplines.
12. Strengthen the overall planning of disciplines and specialties. Provincial education administrative departments and relevant departments (units) of the education department (bureau) should do a good job in the development planning of disciplines and majors in local and departmental colleges and universities, and guide local and departmental colleges and universities to do a good job in setting up disciplines and majors. Comprehensive application of planning, information service, policy guidance, resource allocation, etc., to promote the optimization of discipline and specialty structure of affiliated universities. Strengthen the overall planning of provincial degree committees and promote the dynamic adjustment of degree authorization points by degree-granting units; Give full play to the independent audit function of degree authorization, and promote independent audit units to optimize the layout structure of existing degree authorization points.
13. Strict discipline inspection and evaluation. Provincial education administrative departments should check the basic conditions for running schools, teachers, practice conditions, students’ satisfaction, and enrollment standardization of newly established disciplines and majors in colleges and universities according to relevant standards, and restrict enrollment and make rectification within a time limit for those who fail to meet the conditions. Regularly carry out quality inspection of discipline and specialty construction, and order to suspend enrollment and make rectification within a time limit if the conditions for running schools are seriously insufficient, the teaching quality is low and the employment rate is too low.
14 to carry out talent demand and use evaluation. The relevant industry departments at the national and provincial levels should take the initiative to carry out industry talent demand forecasting, graduate employment feedback early warning and talent use evaluation, and timely release regional and relevant key industries and industry talent demand. Provincial education administrative departments should actively carry out the evaluation of the matching degree between disciplines and majors in colleges and universities and regional development needs, and timely publish the list of disciplines and majors with local priority development and suspended development. Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of enrollment, training and employment. Encourage industry enterprises to participate in the revision and implementation of talent training programs in colleges and universities.
Fourth, optimize the national macro-control mechanism of disciplines and majors
15. Give full play to the guiding role of discipline and specialty catalogue. Implement the new version of the professional catalogue of postgraduate education disciplines, improve the first-level discipline setting, actively develop professional degrees, compile the guidance catalogue of two disciplines and professional fields, and actively develop emerging interdisciplinary disciplines. Revise the catalogue of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities, and dynamically adjust the catalogue of undergraduate majors and ad hoc majors controlled by the state according to the changes in economic and social development needs.
16. Improve the discipline management system. Implement the measures for the management of the catalogue of postgraduate education disciplines and the measures for the establishment and management of interdisciplinary subjects. Regularly compile a list of urgently needed disciplines and majors to guide development. Revise the regulations on the management of undergraduate majors, explore the establishment of a pre-adjustment system for majors, and make it clear that colleges and universities applying for filing (approval) majors must be included in the school development plan, and in principle, pre-filing (declaration) should be carried out one year in advance. Strengthen the adjustment of discipline and specialty stock and improve the exit mechanism. The majors that have not been enrolled in colleges and universities for five consecutive years shall be revoked.
17. Strengthen the construction and application of discipline and professional standards. We will improve the basic conditions and requirements for the examination of degree authorization, carry out the examination of the authorization points of doctoral and master’s degrees, improve the teaching quality standards of undergraduate majors, grasp the bottom line of the quality of discipline and specialty construction, and promote colleges and universities to improve the talent training plan according to the standards and the actual situation of talent training. Give full play to the role of expert organizations such as the Discipline Appraisal Group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, the National Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Steering Committee and the Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education, and actively carry out guidance and quality supervision on the construction of disciplines and specialties.
18. Strengthen demonstration and guidance. In-depth implementation of the first-class discipline training action and the "Double Ten Thousand Plan" for the construction of first-class undergraduate majors, and set a benchmark for the construction of disciplines and majors. To promote classified evaluation, basic disciplines emphasize the integration of science and education, and applied disciplines emphasize the integration of production and education, so as to guide different types of disciplines to achieve characteristics and levels. We will carry out three-level undergraduate professional certification to ensure qualification, improve level and pursue Excellence.
19 in-depth implementation of the "national urgent need for high-level personnel training special". Coordinate the construction of resources such as universities, leading enterprises and key institutes, innovate the modes of enrollment, training, management and evaluation, lay out a number of urgently needed disciplines and specialties, build a number of high-level talent training bases, form a more complete high-quality talent training system, and significantly improve the independent training ability of high-level talents.
20. Strengthen the construction of professional colleges. Build about 30 future technical colleges in universities with good discipline and professional foundation and strong overall strength; Build about 300 modern industrial colleges in universities with distinctive industry characteristics and close ties with the industry; Relying on the layout of relevant universities to build a number of high-level public health colleges. Support colleges and universities to build professional colleges with characteristics, such as demonstration integrated circuit college, characteristic demonstration software college, first-class network security college, demonstration cryptography college, demonstration energy college, energy storage technology college, smart agriculture college, foreign-related law college, and international organization college. Promote professional (industry-specific) colleges and universities to further improve the level of running schools with characteristics.
21. Improve the linkage mechanism between discipline adjustment and talent demand. Human resources, social security and relevant industry departments should vigorously support the construction of disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities, establish and improve the mechanism of talent prediction and early warning, establish a database of talent demand, timely release the demand for talents in key industries to the society, and set up early warning for disciplines and specialties in industries with less demand for talents.
22. Pay close attention to the implementation of "one school, one case". Colleges and universities around the country should study and formulate the implementation plan of discipline and specialty reform according to the reform plan and the actual situation of the local school and the principle of "one school, one case". The plan of local colleges and universities shall be reported to the provincial education administrative department for the record, and the universities affiliated to other central departments shall be reported to the Ministry of Education for the record with the consent of the competent department, and the implementation plans of directly affiliated universities and localities shall be reported to the Ministry of Education for the record. Colleges and universities around the country should report the implementation of the implementation plan before the end of September each year in combination with the annual discipline and specialty setting.